壳聚糖在糖蜜酒精废液处理中的应用

以壳聚糖作絮凝剂处理高浓度糖蜜酒精废液，考察了pH值、温度、搅拌时间、壳聚糖用量及助凝剂用量等对废液CODcr去除率的影响，结果表明，当pH为7.0、温度为25℃，搅拌时间为30min，静置时间2h，配合助凝剂P30的有效作用，能使糖蜜酒精废液的CODcr去除率达到96.2%。     

糖蜜酒精废液的治理

本文介绍了糖蜜酒精废液处理的几种方法以及糖蜜酒精废液浓缩燃烧法的新进展.     

阳离子交换树脂分离糖蜜酒精废液中钾初探

针对糖蜜酒精废液的综合治理问题,提出了强酸型阳离子交换树脂从糖密酒精废液中提钾的新思路。在实验室条件下初步探索了影响吸附,解吸效果的诸因素。结果表明,糖蜜酒 液上柱最佳流速为３６０ｍｌ／ｈｒ,最佳吸附温度为常温,洗脱液最佳浓度４．３ｍｏｌ／ｌ,最佳洗脱温度为３５℃。     

甘蔗糖蜜酒精废液浓缩液提取蛋白质的研究

本文研究了从糖蜜酒精废液浓缩液回收蛋白质的方法,旨在实现废液的资源化利用.通过有机溶剂沉淀和等电点沉淀法提取蛋白质,试验结果表明:在乙醇浓度80%,乙醇用量40mL/20g,浸取温度50℃,提取时间60min,pH4.0的条件下,分离的蛋白质得率为30.38%,蛋白质含量为75.3%.所得蛋白质的各项理化指标均达到国家饲料卫生标准,有良好的开发前景.     

糖蜜酒精废液生产酒石酸钾钠过程中的固液分离研究

针对糖蜜酒精废液的综合治理问题,提出了用糖蜜酒精废液中的酒石经碱化处理生产酒石酸钾钠的新思路,并就生产过程中的重要环节－－固体残渣的分离进行了初步探讨,了解碱浓度、碱种类、温度、絮凝剂浓度、搅拌时间对固液分离的影响。结果表明,固液分离的最佳条件为：碱浓度３０ｇ／ｌ,碱配比ＮａＯＨ：ＮａＣＯ３＝１：２,温度５０℃,絮凝剂浓度０．０９ｇ／ｌ,搅拌时间２０ｍｉｎ。     

利用糖蜜酒精废液生产液态生物有机肥

阐述了我国现阶段利用糖蜜酒精废液生产液态生物有机肥研究概况和技术方法。在目前甘蔗直接喷灌糖蜜酒精废液的基础上,介绍了一种甘蔗糖蜜酒精废液生产液态生物有机肥的资源化综合利用的工艺技术路线和生产方法,为广西酒精生产企业实现废水COD减排任务开辟了一条新路径。     

印度、巴西糖厂酒精废液处理技术简介

据《国际糖业杂志》1998,(9)报道．印度对糖蜜酒精废液处理的各种方法进行了考察。认为可分为两种废液流,一种相对易于处理：从精馏塔底排出的废液(称为Spent lees)和地板冲洗水(floor waehing)。这种废液的BOD和COD值相对较低,在排放前可用好氧生物降解(aerobic bicdigestion)处理。     

厌氧发酵法处理糖蜜酒精废水的研究

采用稀释和两段厌氧发酵工艺处理糖蜜酒精废水,试图消除硫酸盐还原产物Ｈ２Ｓ对厌氧微生物的影响,提高废水处理效率。结果表明,在３５℃条件下,发酵系统容积负荷率为５．３ｇＣＯＤ（Ｌ．ｄ）。容积产沼气率达２．０３Ｌ／（Ｌ．ｄ）,废不化学耗氧量（ＣＯＤ）去除率达６９．５％〈处理１ｍ＾３废水（ＣＯＤ值１０００００ｍｇ／Ｌ）可生产沼气３８ｍ＾３。     

糖蜜酒精废液生产生态复合菌肥的应用

采用选择培养法从自然界中分离筛选出固氮、解磷、促长等4组土壤微生物有益菌群,并利用它们之间的互生关系,以糖蜜酒精废液为主要基质,限定性混合发酵,研制出高效生态复合菌肥。经在甘蔗、水稻、蔬菜等农作物田间小区试验和在广东、广西、海南等地大面积田间推广应用,效果良好。小区试验结果表明:可用其对水配成合适的稀释液对作物进行浸种、喷施、根施,施用量50～80kg/hm2与对照比较,减少施用化肥20%,甘蔗、水稻、蔬菜分别增加产量7.71%、14.00%、20%～40%;以其0.1%的量接种秸秆堆肥,与传统堆肥比较具有显著加快腐熟和增加肥效的作用。     

糖蜜酒精废水处理方案

１概述糖蜜酒精废液是指以糖蜜为原料经发酵后 ,发酵醪液在酒精初馏塔蒸馏出酒精后排放的废水。每生产１ｔ酒精约排放１５ｔ废水 ,目前我国年排放此类废水６００万吨以上。糖蜜酒精废液具有如下特点 :１．１废水ＣＯＤｃｒ（８～１２）万ｍｇ/ｌ,ＢＯＤ５（４～６）万ｍｇ/ｌ,可生化性好 ,属高浓度有机废水 ;１．２固形物高达１０%～２０% ,能干化回收 ,但粘性大 ,附加值低 ;１．３含大量有机质、蛋白质、维生素、Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ等 ,无毒无害 ;１．４ ｐＨ值３．５～４．５ ,含有无机酸及有机酸 ,腐蚀性强 ;１．５色度高 ,含有类黑色素 ,难以物…     

蒽酮比色法测定大豆乳清废水中总糖含量

本文研究了用蒽酮比色法测定大豆乳清废水中可溶性总糖含量,本法可溶性总糖测定的回收率为98%~105%,标准偏差1.032×10-3,本法灵敏度高,可靠性强,误差小,而且设备简便、迅速、准确。     

Incorporation of Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles into Polymeric Films for Enhancement of Water Absorption and Water Vapor Transition

Water absorption and water vapor transition are significant mechanisms in many industrial processes. Nanocomposite polymers are appropriate materials for water transition process due to their specific properties. The present work was aimed to enhance the water absorption and water vapor transition by high loading incorporation of silica nanoparticles (NPs) into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and Pebax 1657 polymers. PAN was used to prepare both the nanocomposite films (NCFs) and support layers of nanocomposite membranes (NCMs). Pebax 1657 was used to fabricate the selective layers of NCMs. Incorporation of NPs into the NCFs were carried out using ex-situ and in-situ (sol-gel) methods. NCFs were fabricated by electrospinning and casting methods. The fabricated NCFs of fibers and polymers were examined through water absorption tests. For fabrication of NCMs, the electrospinning and dip-coating methodologies and the incorporation of NPs into the selective layers by in-situ method were used. Besides, the water vapor permeation tests have been designed and constructed to examine the NCMs for dehydration of methane gas. In order to provide efficient NPs dispersion into NCFs, the surface functionalization of silica NPs with ethylene glycol (EG) was also considered. The functionalized silica NPs were used in the fabrication of NCFs and into the selective layer of NCMs. It is found that in applying the ex-situ method, there is a lot of NPs agglomeration, while the dispersion quality of NPs is higher with the sol-gel method. In addition, the dispersion is improved greatly with functionalization of silica NPs. The water uptake ratio of electrospun mats is about 400 % higher than the cast layers for the same loadings of NPs. The water uptake ratio of the polymeric layers containing EG is about 50 % higher than the samples without EG. The permeance of water vapor for the NCM (15 wt.% of SiO₂/Pebax 1657) fabricated by sol-gel method was enhanced to 54.4 % higher than the membranes without NPs. Functionalization of silica NPs also enhanced the water vapor permeation process. For instance, the water vapor of the NCM containing 30 wt.% of EG/Pebax1657 was increased by 68.7 %.     

水分管理对水稻镉吸收的影响

以晚稻品种玉针香和湘晚籼12号为供试材料,研究了3种水分灌溉方式(W1,长期淹水灌溉;W2,湿润灌溉;W3,阶段性湿润灌溉)对水稻糙米镉含量的影响。结果表明,在水稻生长的3个关键时期(分蘖期、灌浆期、成熟期),各部位镉含量、富集系数均以W3处理最高,W1处理最低;玉针香糙米镉含量W1处理分别比W2、W3处理低56.52%和66.67%,且W1处理与W3处理间存在显著差异;湘晚籼12号糙米镉含量W1处理分别比W2、W3处理低65.22%和52.94%,但各处理间差异不显著。可见,长期淹水灌溉是一项能够有效降低糙米镉含量的农艺措施。     

麒麟藻渣制备膳食纤维工艺研究

以提取卡拉胶后的麒麟藻废渣为原料,利用木瓜蛋白酶和α-淀粉酶对粗纤维进行酶解,制备膳食纤维。正交试验优化提取工艺,得出最佳工艺条件为：料液比为1∶30,时间1.5 h,温度为65℃,蛋白酶用量为0.35%、α-淀粉酶用量为1.5%,膳食纤维得率为35.58%。按照最佳工艺条件提取的麒麟藻渣膳食纤维,膨胀力10.93 mL/g,持水力721.72%。     

无机絮凝剂对制胶废水的脱色处理

采用硫酸铝钾、硫酸铝、硫酸铁、三氯化铁等4种无机絮凝剂处理橡胶废水,研究其脱色效果,并采用单因子试验设计方法,研究三氯化铁对絮凝速率、吸光度及絮凝物量的影响。结果表明：随着絮凝时间的延长,经三氯化铁处理的橡胶废水吸光度降低,表明脱色效果趋好,当絮凝时间达18 000 s后脱色效果达到最佳;三氯化铁量对吸光度有极显著影响,并建立数学模型。     

Photocatalytic Treatment of Waste Water from Rice Husk Alkaline Hydrolysate

SUMMARY We carried out photocatalytic treatment of a lignin-free solution of rice husk alkaline hydrolysate [pH of 2, chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 12.8 g/L] using photo-Fenton process in the ultraviolet (UV, wavelength of 365 nm) and visible spectrum. Oxidation of lignin was performed at a constant mass ratio of COD:H2O2 as 1:2 and Fe^2+ concentration of 80 mg/L. It was established that for the destruction of alkaline lignin, exposure to visible or UV radiation was necessary. Decolorization efficiency of a lignin-free solution depends on the dilution rate of the solution. The advanced oxidative photo-Fenton process (UV/Н2О2/Fe^2+) made it possible to reduce the color of lignin-free solution at a dilution ratio of 1:5 by 94% of decolorization efficiency, 87% of phenolic compound and 79% of COD. With the help of gas chromatography, the products of lignin destruction were low-toxic and usable.     

Coating Cellulosic Materials with Graphene for Selective Absorption of Oils and Organic Solvents from Water

Development of efficient and eco-friendly sorbents used for selective oil removal after oil spill disasters is one of the main topics in environmental science. By using various cellulosic materials coated with graphene flakes, using simple, one-step dip-coating method, it was possible to manufacture environmentally friendly, selective oil sorbents. The cellulosic materials of different yarn size and distribution such as cotton roving, gauze, fabric, and cellulosic wipe and Whatman filter paper were chosen. The scanning electron microscopy showed that simple dip-coating of any cellulosic materials into graphene dispersion creates a uniformly distributed nanomaterial coating. The wetting tests confirmed that the coating endowed cellulosic materials with hydrophobic properties, regardless of their initial yarn distribution and purity. Moreover, the water repellent samples were simultaneously highly sorptive towards oils and organic solvents. Sorption tests performed for a representative group of organic solvents and oils have shown that depending on cellulosic material the oil sorption capacity varied from 4 g/g to 33 g/g for cotton fabric and roving, respectively. Moreover, the absorption selectivity of chloroform versus water exceeded 90 % for each sample and reached over 99 % for the graphene coated cotton roving and gauze. Finally, the recyclability tests have shown that graphene coated materials are less fragile for reuse than naturally hydrophobic sorbents.     

啤酒大麦垄畦沟灌节水栽培技术研究初报

根据 2 0 0 3年度啤酒大麦不同节水耕种技术试验结果 ,以产量和灌溉水生产效率为目标函数 ,分析比较了“垄畦沟灌”节水耕种方式的生产技术效果和其在不同耕作条件下的节水效果及灌溉水生产效率。初步确立了“垄畦沟灌”这一能够有效协调节水与增产矛盾 ,适宜啤酒大麦实现节水型生产的耕种新技术 ,平均增产 5 %以上 ,灌水生产效率 1 31～ 2 2 0kg/m3;免耕较施耕每公顷节水 330 0m3,节水率达 4 4 2 2 % ,灌水生产效率提高 0 87kg/m3。为啤酒大麦的生产应用和科学研究提供了新的技术和信息。