葛根素对去卵巢小鼠乳腺及子宫发育的影响

目的：观察葛根素对去卵巢小鼠乳腺及子宫的影响,研究其雌激素样作用。方法：将21日龄昆明系雌性小白鼠50只随机分成5组,每组10只。①正常对照组,正常＋蒸馏水;②阴性对照组,去势＋蒸馏水;③阳性对照组Ⅰ,去势＋己烯雌酚;④阳性对照组Ⅱ,去势＋己烯雌酚＋黄体酮;⑤试验组,去势＋葛根素。做乳腺标本和乳腺及子宫的常规切片,光镜观察。结果：摘除卵巢后的小鼠乳腺及子宫发育停止,乳腺导管和腺泡数（P〈0.01）、子宫系数（P〈0.01）、子宫壁腺体数（P〈0.05）与正常对照组比较差异显著或极显著。试验组的各项指标与阴性对照组比较差异不显著（P〉0.05）,但高于阴性对照组。结论：葛根素有微弱的雌激素样作用,对去卵巢小鼠乳腺和子宫发育有显著的影响。     

促性腺激素对小鼠胚胎卵巢卵泡体外发育的类固醇激素分泌的作用

利用小鼠胚胎卵巢无血清培养体系研究了FSH,hCG对小鼠胚胎卵巢卵泡发育的作用。结果发现，（1）FSH处理组胚胎卵巢卵泡体外生长发育要优于ITS对照组；体外培养15d后，FSH处理组胚胎卵巢睾酮分泌量显著增加;在整个培养过程中，FSH诱导胚胎卵巢分泌少量雌二醇。（2）hCG对胚胎卵巢卵泡发育的作用是双相的。在培养早期，hCG处理组进入生长相的小卵泡显著多于ITS对照组，相应地此时雌二醇水平较高；随着卵巢培养的继续，雌二醇水平显著降低，hCG处理组总卵泡数开始急剧下降，大量小卵泡团缩退化；到培养结束时，处理组卵巢内小卵泡已所剩无几，但残存的生长卵泡卵母细胞平均直径仍显著大于ITS对照组。此时伴随睾酮分泌量的增加，雌二醇的分泌量重新增加。（3）FSH＋hCG处理组卵泡发育类似hCG处理组，体外培养15d后，FSH＋hCG促进鼻酮分泌，而雌二醇的分泌的分泌有促进作用，雌二醇可能是促性腺激素发挥促卵泡体外发育和存活作用所必需的；hCG可促进卵泡提前生长发育，担后期加速胚胎卵囊小卵泡库的耗竭。     

对习惯性流产波斯猫的卵巢摘除1例

波斯猫既是一种观赏动物,又是一种倍受人们宠爱的伴侣动物。随着宠物饲养热的日益兴盛,波斯猫的饲养繁殖普遍受到广大养猫爱好者的重视。但由于饲养者养猫知识贫乏,繁殖心切,未顾及猫的生理特点,过早地进行配种,(以及饲养管理不善等原因)造成了猫的习惯性流产,导致终生不育,为了避免多次流产损害猫的身体健康,最终不得不施行卵巢摘除术。现将临床手术所见情况报     

葛根素对性未成熟小鼠乳腺发育的影响

用电子天平称小鼠体重,电子分析天平称乳腺重量,以纸片比值重量法称乳腺轮廓和实质重量,H·E染色法制作组织切片计数乳腺导管横切面数目,比较试验组与对照组的差异。结果:试验1组和2组小鼠42～49日龄体重增重显著(P<0.05),试验3组差异不显著(P>0.05),其他日龄段的增重差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组对乳腺重量增重无显著性差异(P>0.05);乳腺轮廓和实质的纸片比值重量法中,试验组无显著性差异(P>0.05);试验1组和2组乳腺导管的增殖极显著(P<0.01),试验3组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。试验结果说明,葛根素对性未成熟小鼠乳腺发育有显著的促进作用,其中试验2组的促进作用最显著。     

双月仔猪卵巢的手术摘除

摘除仔猪卵巢能够改变各种内分泌的状态，使肉质柔嫩，体重增加。１手术方法１．１左手提起仔猪的左后肢，右手抓住左膝前皱襞，摸到呈线状的子宫角捏紧，使其右侧卧地，头在左侧，尾在左侧。右脚踩住猪的左侧颈部，并将左后肢向后伸直，肢背侧面朝上则猪的后躯即接近仰卧姿势；左脚踩住猪的左后肢的遗部。把右手捏紧的子宫角交换于左手。１．２选择倒数第二对乳头向背中距２～３cm做为术部。１．３术部消毒后，将皮肤切开０．５～１cm，稍稍拉动皮肤再切开腹壁肌肉和腹膜，在仔猪嚎叫的同时左手拇指用力向下压，食指用力向上顶，子宫角即可…     

氟化钠对奶山羊血清激素含量的影响

以奶山羊为试验动物，按体重灌服氟化钠，复制奶山羊氟病模型，通过甲状腺功能指标、骨代谢调节因子等一系列指标的测定，进一步探讨了氟病的发生机理。研究结果表明，氟引起甲状腺激素合成和分泌障碍及甲状腺调节因子紊乱，呈现甲状腺机能减退的症状，进而影响了机体的新陈代谢等过程；氟导致骨代谢调节因子骨和降钙素含量升高，证明骨转换加速是氟骨症发生的机理之一。     

卵巢激素对甘氨酰-tRNA合成酶在小鼠子宫表达影响的研究

为了探讨卵巢激素是否影响甘氨酰-tRNA合成酶(Gars)在小鼠子宫的表达,试验将12只小鼠切除卵巢后随机分成4组,分别为E2组(注射E2 100 ng)、P4组(注射P4 2 mg)、E2+P4组(注射E2 100 ng和P4 2 mg)和Oil组(注射芝麻油0.1 mL),采用mRNA原位杂交、实时荧光信号颜色定量PCR、免疫组织化学和Western-blot分析等方法,从基因和蛋白质水平对Gars在小鼠子宫的表达进行定位和定量研究。结果表明：加入碱性磷酸酶显色底物NBT/BCIP后,E2组信号颜色为深棕色(偏黑),P4组及E2+P4组为浅棕色,Oil组仍为绿色;与注射芝麻油相比,E2及E2+P4可上调切除卵巢小鼠子宫Gars基因的表达(P<0.05),P4不影响切除卵巢小鼠子宫Gars基因的表达(P>0.05);加入免疫组织化学显色底物DAB后,E2组、E2+P4组信号颜色为深棕色,Oil组为浅棕色,P4组为蓝色;与注射芝麻油相比,E2及E2+P4可上调切除卵巢小鼠子宫Gars蛋白的表达P<0.05),P4则显著下调切除卵巢小鼠子宫Gars蛋白的表达(P<...     

植物甾醇对去卵巢KM小鼠血清生殖激素及乳腺组织孕激素受体的影响

本试验旨在研究植物甾醇对去卵巢小鼠血清激素及乳腺组织中孕激素受体的影响。50只雌性小鼠,随机选40只进行去卵巢手术,恢复7 d。分组如下：正常组、去卵巢对照组、植物甾醇低、中、高3个剂量组（每日灌胃20、80和320 mg/kg植物甾醇）。连续灌胃3周,第22天采集血样和乳腺组织,对小鼠血清中的雌二醇、孕酮和催乳素水平进行检测,对乳腺组织的孕激素受体基因表达进行荧光定量检测。结果表明,去卵巢对照组小鼠雌二醇水平显著低于正常组（P〈0.05）。植物甾醇组小鼠血清雌二醇水平持续升高,其中,高剂量组小鼠血清雌二醇水平与正常组最接近;与去卵巢对照组相比,去卵巢植物甾醇组小鼠血清孕酮水平均有提高,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）;与去卵巢对照组相比,去卵巢植物甾醇组小鼠催乳素水平先下降后上升,但他们之间无显著差异（P〉0.05）。与去卵巢对照组相比,植物甾醇各剂量组小鼠孕激素受体基因相对表达量呈上升趋势,低、中、高剂量组小鼠孕激素受体基因相对表达量分别是去卵巢对照组的1.05、1.13和2.78倍。植物甾醇可改善去卵巢小鼠内源激素不平衡的状况,促进乳腺组织PR基因的表达。     

褪黑素埋植138 d对水貂血清主要生殖激素含量和卵巢发育的影响

为探究褪黑素(MLT)埋植剂对准备配种中期水貂血清主要生殖激素含量和卵巢发育的影响,试验在埋植MLT 138天时,随机选取试验组(埋植MLT 1粒,18 mg/粒)和对照组(不做任何处理)水貂各3只,采集血液测定血清主要生殖激素含量,采集卵巢测量长径、宽径、厚径和重量,计算体积,并制备石蜡切片观察卵巢组织结构。结果表明：与对照组相比,试验组水貂血清促卵泡激素(follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH)含量极显著升高(P≤0.01),促性腺激素释放激素(Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GnRH)、促黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone, LH)和孕酮(progesterone, P₄)含量均显著升高(P≤0.05);卵巢表面出现可视卵泡,卵巢长径、宽径、厚径、重量、体积均不同程度增大,其中宽径和体积增加显著(P≤0.05);卵巢皮质中提前出现成熟卵泡,且三级卵泡的数量、直径和卵母细胞直径均显著升高(P≤0.05)。说明埋植MLT埋植剂138 d可使准备配种中期水貂血清GnRH、FSH、LH和P<...     

不孕症奶牛抗卵巢抗体与血清激素的关系

抗卵巢抗体（ａｎｔｉｏｖａｒｉａｎａｎｔｉｂｏｄｉｅｓ,ＡＯＡｂ）是一种靶抗原在卵巢颗粒细胞、卵母细胞、黄体细胞和间质细胞内的自身抗体。见于卵巢早衰（ＰＯＦ）等不孕症［１］。与接受体外授精密切相关［２］。在人的临床引起广泛关注。但检测不孕奶牛ＡＯＡｂ...     

Effects of butorphanol on luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone levels in ovariectomized rats--comparative study with morphine sulphate.

Studies were conducted into the effects on pituitary gonadotrophic hormones in ovariectomized rats of butorphanol, a synthetic morphine derivative which was claimed to be a potent analgesic with few side-effects, in comparison to effects of the naturally occurring alkaloid morphine. For this purpose, 3 groups of ovariectomized rats were used. Rats of the 1st group were injected butorphanol at 2 dose levels (1 or 2 mg/kg body weight [b.w.]. Those of the 2nd group were injected morphine sulphate (10 or 20 mg/kg b.w.). The 3rd group was injected saline and served as control. Blood samples were collected by orbital sinus punctures, just before treatment and 1 hour post injection. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulation hormone levels were determined in the sera of rats by radio-immuno-assay. The results revealed that morphine, at the 2 dose levels used, produced more than 90% decrease in serum LH concentration, whereas butorphanol produced more than 70% decrease in serum LH levels. Both morphine and butorphanol, at the 2 doses used, produced more than 76% decrease in serum follicle stimulating hormone concentration. It is concluded that butorphanol, the morphinic derivative, has a depressive effect on the synthesis and/or release of gonadotrophic hormones. This inhibitory effect, however, was nearly as potent as that produced by morphine sulphate.     

Effects of season and estradiol-17 beta on luteinizing hormone release in ovariectomized sows.

This study examined the ability of estradiol-17 beta (E2) to suppress LH release in the sow during different months of the year. Six chronically ovariectomized sows were fitted with vena caval cannulas (d 0) and blood samples were collected at 6-h intervals for 6 d. Sows were treated s.c. with E2 capsules (24 mg of E2/275 kg of BW) at d 3. Additional blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 8 h on d 2 and 5. After each 8-h frequent sampling period, sows were treated i.v. with GnRH at .5 microgram/kg of BW, and blood samples were collected at 10-min intervals for 3 h. The protocol was repeated at monthly intervals for 13 mo. Luteinizing hormone concentrations were determined for all serum samples, and E2 concentrations were quantified in samples collected at 6-h intervals. Data were analyzed by split-block analyses of variance. Serum E2 concentrations increased (P less than .001) from 5.0 +/- .3 pg/ml before E2 treatment to 26.0 +/- .2 pg/ml after E2 treatment. The interval from GnRH administration to peak LH concentration was shorter (P less than .001) before E2 treatment than after E2 treatment (28.7 +/- 2.2 vs 71.0 +/- 2.2 min). It was evident that baseline LH, mean LH, pulse frequency, and pulse amplitude and LH release after GnRH administration failed to demonstrate seasonal changes. In summary, LH release was suppressed after treatment with E2 and was affected minimally by month of the year. In addition, E2 inhibitory effects of LH release included hypothalamic and anterior pituitary sites of action.     

HPLC法测定仔猪止痢口服液中葛根素的含量

仔猪止痢口服液为葛根、藿香、板蓝根等中药组成的复方制剂，具有解肌清热、化湿止泻功能。主治仔猪黄白痢及其他原因引起的腹泻。该法以仔猪止痢口服液中的君药葛根所含主要活性成分葛根素为指标。采用HPLC法对其含量进行测定。经稳定性、精密度、重现性、回收率等实验研究表明，本法不仅简便易行，且灵敏度高，重现性好。     

Luteinizing hormone in nutrient-restricted ovariectomized ewes

This study was designed to evaluate profiles of serum concentrations of LH, pituitary content of LH and GnRH receptors, and hypothalamic content of GnRH in undernourished, ovariectomized ewes. In earlier studies, pulsatile secretion of LH diminished as duration of undernutrition progressed in prepubertal or adult ovariectomized ewes. Ewes having similar body condition scores (CS) of 5 to 9 (1 = extremely thin, 5 = moderate, 9 = obese) were fed maintenance or low-energy diets (100% and 60% of NRC requirements, respectively). Blood samples for analysis of LH were collected at 15-min intervals for 4 h at initiation of the project and immediately prior to slaughter. Serum concentrations of LH did not differ (P greater than .05) among groups at the initial sampling period. At slaughter, ewes with CS less than or equal to 2 (n = 7) had lost 26.8 kg (42% of initial weight). Ewes with CS greater than or equal to 3 (n = 12) had lost an average of 13.7 kg (18% of initial weight). Concentrations of LH in ewes with final CS greater than or equal to 3 was similar (P greater than .05) to that observed during the initial sampling period. However, release of LH was reduced (P less than .01) in ewes with CS less than or equal to 2 compared with ewes with CS greater than or equal to 3 (2.6 vs 9.5 and 3.2 vs 10.5 ng/ml for basal and mean concentrations, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

不同日粮对鹅生长性能及部分激素含量的影响

本试验选取相同日龄的3周龄扬州鹅216只,随机分成6组,每组36只,公母各半,饲喂营养水平基本一致的日粮,研究不同日粮对鹅生长性能及部分激素含量的影响,结果表明:(1)不同日粮组鹅的体重在第4、9、10周龄虽存在一定差异,但差异不显著(P>0.05),在第5、6、7周龄时,部分组之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)或极显著差异(P<0.01);(2)不同日粮对鹅的胸宽、胸深、胸骨长等影响较小,但对体斜长、胫长及部分组织器官的生长有一定影响;(3)随着日粮中苜蓿、黑麦草和小麦麸含量的增加,T3浓度不断升高,当含量超过18%后T3浓度逐渐下降,T3/T4比值的变化与T3浓度的变化趋势一致。     

Effects of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin on secretion of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and prolactin in ovariectomized, pituitary stalk-transected ewes

Two experiments were conducted in ovariectomized, pituitary stalk-transected ewes to determine if dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) or serotonin (5-HT) alter secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (PRL). In experiment 1, ewes were infused (iv) with saline (control), DA (66 micrograms/kg/min), NE (6.6 micrograms/kg/min) or 5-HT (6.6 micrograms/kg/min). Treatments did not alter pulse frequency, but 5-HT increased (P less than .05) amplitude of pulses of LH and mean concentrations of LH, DA and NE were without effect on basal secretion of LH. DA but not NE or 5-HT decreased (P less than .05) the release of LH in response to gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH, 25 micrograms, im). Concentrations of FSH were not affected by treatments. Secretion of PRL was reduced (P less than .05) by treatment with DA and NE but not 5-HT. Each amine reduced (P less than .05) the release of PRL in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; 3 micrograms, im). In experiment 2, ewes were given DA at doses of 0, 0.66, 6.6 or 66.0 micrograms/kg/min, iv. No dose altered basal LH, but each dose reduced (P less than .05) basal and TRH-induced release of PRL. Key findings from these studies include direct pituitary action for: (1) 5-HT enhanced basal secretion of LH, (2) suppression of GnRH-induced secretion of LH by DA. (3) DA and NE inhibition of PRL secretion, and (4) DA, NE and 5-HT inhibition of release of PRL in response to TRH.     

大豆异黄酮对种公兔睾丸指数和某些激素含量的影响

选择体质量一致、性欲旺盛的健康公兔45只,随机分成5组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ~Ⅳ组饲喂基础日粮+大豆异黄酮(3、4、5、6mg/kg)。将试验公兔递进饲养在温度为19~22℃、26~29℃和30~33℃环境中各10d,在各自试验期末称空腹质量;左、右睾丸质量,并计算其睾丸指数;测定血清中TSH、T、T3、T4的含量。结果显示,在30~33℃高温环境下,添加6mg/kg大豆异黄酮空腹质量比对照组增加28.44%;左、右睾丸指数分别增加38.75%和38.96%;血清TSH含量提高58.52%;T含量提高78.13%;T3含量降低9.52%;T4含量降低27.28%。结果表明,大豆异黄酮能改善高温环境中种公兔生殖机能,提高公兔利用率,大豆异黄酮在日粮中的添加量以6mg/kg为好。     

Associated luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone secretion in ovariectomized gilts.

The secretion of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and its temporal association with pulses of luteinizing hormone (LH) was examined in ovariectomized prepuberal gilts. Push-pull cannulae (PPC) were implanted within the anterior pituitary gland and LHRH was quantified from 10 min (200 microliters) perfusate samples. Serum LH concentrations were determined from jugular vein blood obtained at the midpoint of perfusate collection. Initial studies without collection of blood samples, indicated that LHRH secretion in the ovariectomized gilt was pulsatile with pulses comprised of one to three samples. However, most pulses were probably of rapid onset and short duration, since they comprised only one sample. Greater LHRH pulse amplitudes were associated with PPC locations within medial regions of the anterior pituitary close to the median eminence. In studies which involved blood collection, LH secretion was not affected by push-pull perfusion of the anterior pituitary gland in most gilts, however, adaptation of pigs to the sampling procedures was essential for prolonged sampling. There was a close temporal relationship between perfusate LHRH pulses and serum LH pulses with LHRH pulses occurring coincident or one sample preceding serum LH pulses. There were occasional LHRH pulses without LH pulses and LH pulses without detectable LHRH pulses. These results provide direct evidence that pulsatile LHRH secretion is associated with pulsatile LH secretion in ovariectomized gilts. In addition, PPC perfusion of the anterior pituitary is a viable procedure for assessing hypothalamic hypophyseal neurohormone relationships.     

日粮不同蛋白水平对猪小肠CaSR基因表达及胃肠激素分泌的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮蛋白水平对不同生理阶段猪胃肠道钙敏感受体(Calcium-sensing receptor,Ca SR)基因表达、血液胃肠激素分泌的影响,探讨蛋白水平与Ca SR基因表达和胃肠激素分泌的关系。选择健康、体重相近约10 kg(9.57±0.64)kg杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪、35kg(36.47±0.20)kg生长猪和60 kg(62.30±0.07)kg肥育猪各18头,分阶段饲养,每阶段18头猪随机分为3组,每组6头,单栏饲养,以玉米-豆粕型日粮为基础,断奶仔猪日粮粗蛋白水平为20%、17%、14%,生长猪日粮粗蛋白水平为18%、15%、12%,肥育猪日粮粗蛋白水平为16%、13%、10%,饲养期分别为45、30、50 d,试验结束后屠宰,采集前腔静脉血液、小肠各部位组织,测定血液中胃肠激素水平、小肠各部位组织中Ca SR的表达。结果表明:当日粮蛋白水平降低后,不同阶段猪小肠Ca SR基因表达下调(P0.05),断奶仔猪血清胆囊收缩素(CCK)、胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)和酪酪肽(PYY)浓度显著降低,生长猪血清CCK、葡萄糖促胰岛素肽(GIP)浓度也明显下降,而肥育猪只有血清GIP浓度显著降低(P0.05);相关性分析表明,断奶仔猪空、回肠Ca SR表达与血中GLP-1和GIP显著正相关(P0.05),回肠Ca SR表达与血中PYY存在显著正相关(P0.05);生长猪十二指肠Ca SR表达与CCK显著正相关(P0.05),而空、回肠Ca SR表达则与GIP显著正相关(P0.05);肥育猪小肠各段Ca SR表达与胃肠激素无明显相关。我们的结果说明,降低猪日粮蛋白水平可下调小肠Ca SR基因表达和血液中CCK等胃肠激素的分泌,日粮蛋白水平对胃肠激素分泌的影响可能通过Ca SR介导。