种孔雀繁殖期的环境控制

孔雀在人工饲养条件下，环境条件对其繁殖发育及生产能力的发挥具有一定影响。同时，适宜的环境降低饲养成木，提高繁殖率具有良好的作用，因此在孔雀繁殖期对周围环境等各种因素进行科学合理的安排，才可达到理想的养殖效果。 场地：孔雀一般２０月龄性成熟，繁殖期雄鸟羽毛绚     

话孔雀开屏

鸟类的佼佼者孔雀不仅有讨人喜欢的艳丽多彩的羽毛,孔雀开屏更是欣赏者希望看到的。对于孔雀为什么开屏,时下有许多不同的说法。孔雀的开屏主要出于求偶,又是它们交配前的准备动作。这同鹤类求婚时的起舞、鸡类求婚时的抖翅行为一样,都是它们各自求偶的固有礼仪。因此,越是到了繁殖季节,孔雀的开屏行为相对越频繁。者有雌孔雀在邻近的话,会发出呱呱的叫声。直到交配成功,开屏行为才会停顿下来。孔雀的这种习性同     

趣谈鸟类的爱情与婚姻

趣谈鸟类的爱情与婚姻周潮红，钟宁我们在动物园经常看到孔雀开屏，但在自然界中，孔雀是不轻易显示它的美丽的，只有在繁殖期，才展开它那绚丽的羽毛。这是鸟类在繁殖方面的一个习性。许多鸟类到了繁殖期，都要换上风采独具的羽毛“婚装”，用以吸引异性。如发情期的雄琴...     

饲养孔雀奔富路

山东省曹县魏湾镇王泽铺村女民兵蔡华，刻苦钻研孔雀养殖新技术，每年收入都在８万元以上，还带出了３０多个孔雀养殖大户，成了远近闻名的养殖致富能手，连年被县人武部评为“民兵致富模范”。 善于捕捉信息的蔡华，在报刊中了解到，孔雀肉味鲜美、营养丰富，具有一定的食疗保健价值，深受消费者的青睐，随着孔雀养殖业商品化时代的到来，消费市场已逐步成熟，其深加工产品行销市场倪端已露，尤其是作食疗保健品的市场正在向深层次开发，养殖孔雀具有广阔的发展前景。况且孔雀适应性强，技术要求不高，没有瘟疫发生，成活率高，生长快，饲…     

浅析周至县野生动物养殖业发展对策

周至县积极发展野生动物养殖产业,目前全县从事野生动物驯养繁殖、经营加工利用企业共有十余家,驯养繁殖种类有野鸡、野猪、林蛙、蟾蜍、兰狐、猪獾、孔雀等10多个品种。2010年全县野生动物年产值30万元,年销售额20万元。本文针对周至县野生动物养殖业的发展现状和存在问题,提出如下发展对策。     

蓝孔雀种蛋孵化技术

蓝孔雀又称百鸟之王，是野味浓郁的内用珍禽。药王李时珍对孔雀的评价甚高，据《本草纲目》记载：“孔雀辟恶，能解大毒、百毒、药     

昆明市陆生野生动物的驯养繁殖和经营利用

昆明市共有陆生野生动物驯养繁殖单位和个体87家,从业人数1315人,年产值2.1亿元,驯养繁殖动物总数40519只(头),主要养殖梅花鹿、马鹿、猕猴、食蟹猴、白犀牛、七彩山鸡、野鸭、非洲鸵鸟、蓝孔雀、野猪、果子狸、鸸鹋、珍珠鸡、鹌鹑、竹鼠、树!、蛇类等物种。其中:已经办理梅花鹿驯养繁殖证的养殖单位14家,养殖规模1120头,年产值277.5万元,上缴税费额10.3万元;养殖非洲鸵鸟、野猪、七彩山鸡、果子狸、野鸭、蓝孔雀的单位和个体53家,产值1240万元,养殖数量9700只(头);养殖白犀牛投资1000万元,现有69头;养殖虎79只;养殖大熊猫3只;蛇类为试验性养殖阶段。     

孔雀之舞

真正的美鸟， 就是孔雀。 美丽是幸福的． 美丽本无罪． 可是孔雀们却因为美丽而身陷囹圈． 因为美丽而屡遭厄运。 说到底，孔雀是属于广阔天地的． 属于原始森林的，它们不应该戴着镣铐舞蹈。     

防治孔雀球虫病的方法

孔雀集观赏和食用为一身，然而在人工饲养过程中发现，球虫病已成为危害孔雀养殖的主要病虫害，必须注意防治。实践证明，防治孔雀球虫病应从以下两个方面着手： 搞好环境卫生，杜绝病虫来源。育雏室等特别之处，应采用地面网架结构，以避免粪便的污染。孔雀生长９０天后，可迁至饲养场。饲养场应选择场地宽敞，地势干爽，环境安静，光线充足，通风向阳处。笼舍面积约１５平方米，高约２．５米。其中室内占６平方米，内置休息树杆；室外占９平方米，地面采用水泥地坪，并在场内设沙地，供孔雀沙浴，在离地面１米高处设横架梁，供孔雀栖息，…     

孔雀之舞

真正的美鸟， 就是孔雀。 美丽是幸福的． 美丽本无罪． 可是孔雀们却因为美丽而身陷囹圈． 因为美丽而屡遭厄运。 说到底，孔雀是属于广阔天地的． 属于原始森林的，它们不应该戴着镣铐舞蹈。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.