2008年度太白林业局森林防火工作会议召开

11月9日，陕西省太白林业局2008年度森林防火工作会议在林苑宾馆三楼隆重召开。来自基层单位党政领导、护林员代表、机关各科室负责同志100余人参加了会议。会上，传达学习了姚引良副省长在全国造林绿化现场会暨森林防火工作会议上的讲话、张社年厅长在全省造林绿化暨森林防火现场会议上的总结讲话、省森林资源管理局副局长张长录在省森林资源管理局森林防火工作会议上的讲话和《全国秋冬季森林防火工作会议精神传达提纲》、     

2002年1月份大事记

省委、省政府对冬季造林和森林防火高度重视4日，省委、省政府召开全省冬季造林和森林防火紧急电话会议。省委副书记周伯华主持会议并讲话，庞道沐副省长通报了冬季造林和森林防火情况，提出了下一步要求。省军区副司令员郑治栋出席会议。10日，省人民政府下发了《关于切实做好当前森林防火工作》的特急明传电报。11日，庞道沐副省长在省林业厅召开了省森林防火紧急协商会。16日，在省政府召开的2002年全省安全生产委员会成员单位会议上，张云川代省长也专门强调了森林防火工作。厅领导葛汉栋、赵爱群、李定一、黄旭国、胡长清、刘绍祥、唐…     

陈章良副主席强调 要确保完成今年植树造林和森林防火工作任务

3月30日，自治区人民政府在南宁召开全区造林绿化和森林防火工作电视电话会议。陈章良副主席强调，要认清形势．切实增强抓好植树造林和森林防火工作的责任感与紧迫感。当前我区植树造林和森林防火工作面临的形势依然严峻，任务非常艰巨。陈章良副主席要求明确目标，抢抓时机．全面掀起植树造林的新高潮，确保全面完成年度造林计划任务。     

在全省秋冬季造林绿化和森林防火电视电话会议上的讲话

正(2018年9月28日)这次会议的主要任务是,深入学习贯彻全国推进大规模国土绿化现场会和全国森林草原防灭火工作电视电话会议精神,认真贯彻落实省委、省政府关于造林绿化和森林防火工作的决策部署,总结今年以来造林绿化和森林防火工作,分析当前面临的形势,对秋冬季造林绿化和森林防火工作进行安排部署。刚才,王忠同志对今年以来森林防火工作进行了简要总结,对下步工作作了安排部     

贺州市副市长刘国学提出森林防火六点要求

10月15日，贺州市召开全市秋冬季森林防火暨“绿满八桂”造林绿化建设工作会议。刘国学副市长指出，今年全市秋冬季防火期防火形势依然严峻，森林防火工作任何时候都放松不得。他提出了六点要求：一要加强领导，全面提升森林防火组织管理能力。二要加强宣传力度，提高全社会森林防火的意识。     

湖南严控野外火源纵深推进造林绿化

3月15日下午，在全国森林防火工作电视电话会议后，湖南省人民政府在长沙召开全省造林绿化和森林防火工作电视电话会议。徐明华副省长到会作重要讲话，邓三龙厅长作工作报告，省政府陈吉芳副秘书长主持会议。     

我省全面部署秋冬季造林绿化和森林防火工作

正本刊讯2018年9月28日下午,省林业厅召开全省秋冬季造林绿化和森林防火工作电视电话会议,认真贯彻落实全国推进大规模国土绿化现场会、全国森林草原防灭火工作电视电话会议精神及省委省政府领导同志的有关要求,分析当前面临的形势,对秋冬季造林绿化和森林防火工作进行安排部署。省林业厅党组书记、厅长周金中主持会议并讲话。厅党组成员、副厅长王忠对秋冬季森林防火工作进行安排部署。进入秋冬季森林防火期,做好秋冬季森林防火工作,维护好林区治安稳定     

新常态下森林防火预防工作探讨

指出了随着我国可持续发展战略的全面实施,绿化造林工作取得了很大的成绩,有林地面积逐年增加,要巩固造林成果,森林防火预防工作也变得越来越重要。探讨了新常态下如何做好森林防火预防工作方面的内容。简要概述了森林火灾的危害,分析了新常态下做好森林防火预防工作的作用,提出了做好森林防火预防工作的几种办法,对未来我国建设生态文明之路也进行了展望。     

加强森林防火工作的对策

近年来，永州市森林防火工作在市委、市政府和上级主管部门的正确领导下，紧紧围绕国家对森林防火工作的总体部署，坚持“预防为主，积极消灭”的方针，强化监督，严格管理，逐步走上了规范化、制度化建设的轨道，取得了形势逐年好转，损失逐年减少的好成绩。但是，目前全市森林防火工作面临的困难和问题仍然不少，形势仍不容乐观。具体表现在“五重五轻”：其一，在林业工作的指导思想上，重造林轻防火。营林是基础，这是林业工作必须努力坚持的方针。过来，各地在造林绿化工作中投入了大量的人力、物力，也取得了相当好的成绩。但与此同时…     

我区森林防火几个问题的思考

全区造林灭荒后,森林面积大幅度增加,森林火灾也可能大大增加,森林防火形势严峻.当前森林防火工作存在的主要问题是:     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.