15种叶树材中切削厚度,刀具前角和木材含水率对切削阻力的影响

１５种阔叶树材切削厚度、刀具前角和木材含水率对切削阻力的影响进行了研究。针叶树材不同树种中此三因素对切削阻力影响的规律，在阔叶树材中相似表现。在气干到充分吸湿阶段中，含水率对切削力影响的趋势在针叶材和阔叶材中有所不同。     

不同树种木材切削阻力变动模型

根据１１种针叶树材和１５种阔叶树材切削阻力的研究结果，推出不同树种木材主切削力变动模型，描述不同树种木材切削阻力在不同切削条件下变动的规律，并可对此种变动进行估计。模型由三部分组成：不同条件下切削阻力的平均水平；不同树种中切削厚度、刀具前角和木材含水率对切削阻力的影响；不同条件下木材密度与切削阻力的关系。     

15种阔叶树木材密度与切削阻力关系的研究

继１１种针叶树材之后，对１５种阔叶树木材密度与切削阻力的关系进行了研究。针叶树材试验中发现的主要规律在此得到进一步证实。     

11种针叶树材的切削厚度、刀具前角和木材含水率对切削阻力影响的研究

对11种针叶树材在0-90、90-0和90-90三个切削方向的高速直角自由切削的试验研究表明:1)切削厚度、刀具前角和木材含水率对主切削力影响的基本趋势,各树种基本一致,但定量考察有一定的差异;2)三因素影响的阻力比值R_t、R_a和R_w在不同树种中变异不大;3)三因素对切削阻力的影响存在一定的交互作用,在不同切削方向,情况有所不同。     

红松水曲柳木材密度与切削阻力关系的研究

本文继前一报告之后,对红松、水曲柳木材密度与切削阻力的关系做了进一步的研究。主要的结果是:(1)木材密度与切削阻力的关系因树种、切削方向、切削厚度、刀具前角和木材含水率之不同而有差异;(2)切削厚度、刀具前角和木材含水率对密度与切削阻力关系的影响有统一的趋势,而且此趋势可用简单的线性关系表述;(3)木材中密度以外的影响切削阻力因素的分布状况,从株内较大范围看,半径和树高方向不同部位间均未表现出显著差异。     

11种针叶树木材密度与切削阻力关系的研究

对我国11种针叶树木材密度与切削阻力关系研究的主要结果是:1)11个树种内,木材密度与切削阻力关系的相关性,90-90方向切削普遍明显高于0-90和90-0方向,其回归系数有随树种平均密度增大而增大的趋势;2)种间密度与切削阻力关系的相关性性较种内者高,其回归系数与各种内关系的回归系数的平均值接近;3)切削厚度、刀具前角和木材含水率对种间密度阻力关系的影响表现统一的趋势,即各树种的平均切削阻力越大,密度与切削阻力关系的回归系数越大;4)试验中发现了若干表现密度与切削阻力关系分散性的某些特点的现象。     

红松,水曲柳木材切削性质的研究

本文以线性模型方法,在红松、水曲柳二树种内,对影响切削阻力和表面粗糙度各因素进行了综合分析,并对木材的密度与切削阻力的关系做了初步的研讨。     

竹材弦面纵向切削的研究

研究了竹材弦面纵向切削的3种切削方式(单劈刀切削、单刨刀切削及并列式双刨刀切削)及单刨刀切削时的切削阻力,结果表明:对竹材采用劈或刨的切削方式,均可进行弦面纵向切削并能获得质量较好的竹蔑。竹材的节间、节部、切削厚度、含水率及切削速度等因素对切削阻力均有不同程度的影响。节部切削阻力明显高于节间切削阻力;切削阻力随切削厚度的增大而增大,两者成线性关系;含水率增大时,节间切削阻力减小,而节部切削阻力变化不大;切削速度增大时,节间切削阻力基本上是下降的,而节部切削阻力是增大的。     

沙柳材端向切削特性的研究

为了明确影响灌木材端向切削力的主要因素,改进削片机性能,提高灌木材削片质量,笔者研究了不同刀具前角、切削厚度和不同含水率对沙柳(Salix psammophila)材端向切削力的影响。结果表明刀具前角对法向力的影响较小,对主切削力影响较大;切削厚度对主切削力的影响较为明显,随切削厚度的增加,主切削力明显增加;沙柳材含水率15％以下主切削力随含水率增加略有增大,之后逐渐减小,其中含水率在30％-70％之间时,切削力变化不大。     

木材切削阻力测定中刀具锋利程度的控制

本文从木材试样内切削阻力的变异和不同条件下代表一定刀具锋利程度差异的切削祖力差异的变异两个方面,论证了在直角自由切削主切削测定中,通过对木材试样的试切削进行刀具锋利度控制的有效性,并为此种方法的合理运用提供了依据。     

Influence of accessory substances,wood density and interlocked grain on the compressive properties of hardwoods

Wood samples of nine tropical hardwoods from Peru and sugar maple wood from Quebec were selected to perform moisture sorption tests associated with parallel-to-grain and tangential compression tests using a multiple step procedure at 25°C. Cold-water and hot-water extractives, sequential cyclohexane (CYC), acetone (ACE) and methanol (MET) extracts, ash content (ASH), wood density and interlocked grain (IG) were evaluated on matched samples too. Wood density corrected for the accessory substances was by far the major factor positively affecting the compressive properties of tropical hardwoods. The total amount of accessory substances is required in order to establish better relationships between physico–mechanical properties and density of tropical hardwoods. For a given wood density, the ultimate stress in parallel-to-grain compression was higher in tropical hardwoods than in temperate hardwoods. However, the compliance coefficients for both types of woods were quite similar. Sequential extraction with organic solvents was the most suitable method for evaluating the effect of extractives on compressive properties of tropical hardwoods. The CYC and ACE fractions did not contribute to variation in these mechanical properties. The substances dissolved in MET affected positively the compliance coefficient s ₁₁ in parallel-to-grain compression and negatively the compliance coefficient s ₃₃ in tangential compression. The IG decreased the compliance coefficient s ₁₁ but also decreased the ultimate stress in parallel-to-grain compression. Finally, variations in compressive properties that were due to changes in equilibrium moisture content (EMC) were clearly influenced by wood density; denser woods were more sensitive to changes in EMC than lighter woods.     

国产重要树种木材特征及其出现频率的研究

研究了国产（包括引种的）６６９个重要树种的木材特征及其出现的频率。涉及裸子植物木材（或针叶树材）１６９种、木材特征１３８个，被子植物木材（阔叶树材）５００种、木材特征１７８个，并列出具有特殊木材特征的树种。     

Effects of extraneous substances, wood density and interlocked grain on fiber saturation point of hardwoods

Samples of nine tropical hardwoods from Peru and sugar maple wood from Quebec were selected for moisture sorption and swelling tests at 25°C. These tests evaluated the fiber saturation point (FSP) by two methods: following adsorption over distilled water, and from the volumetric swelling intersection point. Cold-water and hot-water extractives, sequential cyclohexane, acetone and methanol extracts, ash content, wood density and interlocked grain were also determined on matched samples. The results indicated that adsorption tests over distilled water were not applicable for determining FSP in all wood species. Condensation of water vapor apparently occurred, even though temperature during adsorption was controlled to the nearest 0.01°C. The volumetric swelling intersection point method was judged more appropriate. FSP ranged from 15 to 25% for tropical hardwoods and was 30% for sugar maple wood. FSP was negatively correlated with wood density, acetone extracted fraction, interlocked grain and ash content. These parameters each exerted similar effects on variability in FSP.     

Effects of extraneous substances,wood density and interlocked grain on fiber saturation point of hardwoods

Abstract

Samples of nine tropical hardwoods from Peru and sugar maple wood from Quebec were selected for moisture sorption and swelling tests at 25°C. These tests evaluated the fiber saturation point (FSP) by two methods: following adsorption over distilled water, and from the volumetric swelling intersection point. Cold-water and hot-water extractives, sequential cyclohexane, acetone and methanol extracts, ash content, wood density and interlocked grain were also determined on matched samples. The results indicated that adsorption tests over distilled water were not applicable for determining FSP in all wood species. Condensation of water vapor apparently occurred, even though temperature during adsorption was controlled to the nearest 0.01°C. The volumetric swelling intersection point method was judged more appropriate. FSP ranged from 15 to 25% for tropical hardwoods and was 30% for sugar maple wood. FSP was negatively correlated with wood density, acetone extracted fraction, interlocked grain and ash content. These parameters each exerted similar effects on variability in FSP.     

Determination of elastic properties of clear wood by the homogenization method in two dimensions

A two-dimensional homogenization model for determining elastic properties of clear wood is described. It is based on the elastic properties of the chemical constituents of the wood and the known geometry of the fibers. The model is valid for clear wood and can be used to determine the state of stresses at both micro and macrostructural levels. Stress and displacement analysis were made with the finite element method. Experiments in bending, compression parallel- and perpendicular-to-grain were made with six different Mexican wood species, including softwoods, temperate climate hardwoods and tropical hardwoods using small clear wood specimens. Such tests were made at various moisture content levels and the results of the model match closely with experimental data. The analytical technique can be readily extended to three dimensions. The data generated with this model can be used in further studies for material and structures optimization purposes.     

Influence of moisture sorption history on the swelling of sugar maple wood and some tropical hardwoods

Summary Samples of nine tropical hardwoods from Peru and sugar maple wood from Quebec were selected to perform moisture sorption tests associated with swelling tests at 25 °C. The results demonstrate that, for a given equilibrium moisture content, tangential and radial dimensions, and hence the volume of wood, are greater after desorption than after adsorption. The importance of these differences, so-called second-order effects of moisture sorption, varied with the species and with the direction of swelling. These effects are proportionally greater in the tangential direction of wood than in its radial axis. Finally, two types of samples showed similar swellings for three equilibrium moisture contents.The author wishes to thank Professor M. Goulet for his support and help. This research was supported by the Canadian International Development Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada     

热处理对水与木材接触角的影响

以多枝桉和扁柏作供试木材,采用扩大影象法,测定了热处理和空气层对水与木材的接触角的影响。结果表明,热处理温度、时间、木材含水率和在空气中暴露的时间等,对两种试材与水的接触角均有显著的影响。树种不同,其影响程度不一。可根据水与木材的接触角大小,判断各种木材的亲水性。