不同管理模式对设施栽培‘凯特’杏果实品质的影响

以精细管理和常规管理的4、6、8年生凯特杏树为试材,通过一天中不同高度区域的光照强度变化测定,不同层次的相对光照强度占树冠总体积的比例,不同枝、叶、果量的统计,以及相对应的果实品质测定分析,为杏树设施栽培建立适宜的管理模式提供技术参考。结果表明,精细管理的杏树,一天中相对光照大于30%的高光照区域占68.5%,常规管理占61.1%;精细管理的枝量、叶量、果量分别为402个、4697个、93个,常规管理分别为417个、4997个、80个;精细管理的单果重、核重、可食率与常规管理差异显著,分别为137.69 g、3.85 g、97.20%。因此,精细管理的杏树产量高,果实品质优良,适宜于山西省中南部杏树设施栽培应用。     

贵州省设施果树发展存在的问题及技术对策

分析了贵州省果树设施栽培的存在问题．提出了技术对策。指出：贵州设施果树栽培必须选择适宜发展的地区、适宜的品种，采取综合配套措施，采用不同的栽培模式。以解决好贵州省冬季温度高、日照时数短、湿度较大、病虫害严重等问题，促进其健康发展。     

杏的商品价值与青杏梅的制作

杏属于蔷薇科多年生木本植物杏树的果实,原产于我国和中亚地区,栽培历史已有4000多年。杏树对环境条件的适应性较强,栽培范围也很广,不仅能在高纬度、气候寒冷、干旱的地区生长,而且在低纬度、气候温暖、湿润多雨的地区也能生长发育。杏主要分布在北纬35°～45°地区,我国主要分布在以黄河流域为中心的地带。杏树与李、桃一样,是喜光的落叶果树,光照充足,果实着色鲜艳,含糖量高,品质好。     

浅析杏树栽培技术

杏树结果具有较高营养价值,是我国果树栽培最古老的树种之一,具有较强的适应性和较高利用价值。通过采用科学合理的栽培技术,可以让杏树种植获得较高产量,提高杏树栽培的经济收益。通过研究,明确栽培杏树技术要点,加强技术控制,优化栽培效果。     

杏树高产栽培管理技术的探究

随着社会经济的快速发展,我国水果种植业的发展也呈现了逐步上升的趋势,越来越多的水果种植户将目光放在了杏树的种植方面,并取得了良好的经济效益。人们喜爱种植杏树的原因是由于杏子的成熟时间较早,且具有诱人的外表和出色的口感,更有极为丰富的营养物质。杏树是我国栽培比较久的水果品种之一,现在大多数地区均可栽植,尤其新疆地区种植较多。要想实现杏树的高产,还需对栽培管理技术开展进一步探究。     

用户引领温室行业提升

在现代花卉生产中,设施设备扮演了越来越重要的角色。使用设施尤其是高效的现代化设施栽培花卉,不仅可以有效控制温度、光照、湿度、二氧化碳浓度等环境因素,生产出优质的花卉产品,还可以打破花卉生长的季节限制,实现周年生产。对于不适宜本地栽培的花卉,也可以利用现代化设施设备进行引种和培育。我国花卉产业迅速发展的20多年,也是花卉园艺设施设备行业迅速发展的20多年。近年来,国内用于花卉生产的设施尤其是温室面     

设施条件下4个中熟砂梨品种果实发育及 糖酸含量的变化

对秋荣、圆黄、幸水和雪青4个砂梨在大棚设施栽培条件下的果实发育规律和糖酸含量变化规律进行研究。结果表明：秋荣、幸水和雪青3个品种均在7月上旬成熟,以秋荣最早,圆黄7月中旬成熟。果实发育过程中,4个中熟品种糖的动态变化基本一致,圆黄果实中总酸含量的变化与其它3个品种有明显差异,糖酸比以6月27日采摘的幸水最高,达到77.96。圆黄、幸水和秋荣都是优良的大棚适栽中熟品种,可在生产上推广应用。     

杏树花期性状研究

为探讨杏树花期性状特点,进而为育种、生产及设施栽培等提供花期生物学依据,对多个杏树品种的花期性状进行了详细的观察、调查研究。研究表明,39个杏树品种花冠直径平均为2.66cm,单花平均花瓣数为5.18个,花瓣数为典型5数的品种占35.9%,多于五枚的占64.1%,未有少于5数者。杏花雌蕊败育现象严重,不同品种雌蕊败育率高低差别极大。不同原产地品种在同一杏园花期较一致。自然条件下杏开花有昼开夜停的昼夜节律,是由气温昼夜变化引起的。10℃是大多数杏品种开花的“生物学最低温度”。     

不同草莓品种在广西设施栽培中的品比试验

为筛选出适宜中国南方设施栽培、观光采摘且品质优良、高产的草莓品种,对引进的7个草莓新品种的植物学特性、生物学特性等进行综合品比试验。结果表明,‘京桃香’、‘京泉香’、‘太空2008’这3个草莓品种表现性状好、品质优,适合南方设施栽培,可进一步扩大示范,其他品种表现相对较差,有待于进一步种植观察。     

凯特杏设施栽培特性研究

对凯特杏设施栽培特性研究表明：凯特杏的光饱和点和CO2饱和点较低,耐弱光和低浓度CO2环境的能力强;它的开花需冷量较低,雌蕊败育率低,自花结实率高,丰产、稳产性强;在设施栽培条件下凯特杏果实特征发育充分表达,单果重显著增大,果实的产量和品质明显提高。凯特杏在设施栽培条件下的优势表现达,说明其适宜于设施栽培。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.