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1.
影响小麦种子生活力因素的试验与分析 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
种子生活力是指种子的潜在发芽能力。种子生活力受种子病菌种类、带菌量、种子的田间穗发芽率、种子的贮藏方法、种子的收获时期、种皮厚度等因素的影响。试验结果表明:生活力高,但发芽率低的小麦种子,进行适当处理可提高其发芽率;种子带菌量是田间感染所致,不同菌类对小麦种子发芽率的影响不同;种皮厚的种子其发芽势与发芽率的差异比种皮薄的大;种子在蜡熟期至蜡熟末期收获,其发芽势和发芽率最高。 相似文献
2.
不同盐分胁迫对梭梭种子发芽的影响 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
为了检验NaCl能否模拟盐土对梭梭种子进行盐分胁迫,以及研究不同种源梭梭种子对不同盐分胁迫的适应能力,用NaCl和盐土两种盐溶液的5个浓度水平,对5个不同种源的梭梭种子进行发芽试验,结果表明:NaCl和盐土盐溶液对各种源梭梭种子的发芽能力均有一定程度的影响,且随着浓度的增加影响程度逐渐加剧,其中对发芽率的影响程度明显低于对发芽势、发芽指数和平均发芽速度的影响;NaCl和盐土胁迫下,不同浓度间各种源梭梭种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、平均发芽速度均达到极显著相关;NaCl胁迫当浓度为3%时,各种源梭梭种子的发芽能力由强至弱依次为:内蒙古阿拉善左旗、新疆植物园梭梭、内蒙古磴口县乌兰布和沙区、甘肃民勤沙生植物园、新疆植物园白梭梭;盐土胁迫当浓度为4.45%时,仅有内蒙古阿拉善左旗的梭梭有5%的发芽率,而其它各种源的梭梭种子几乎全部丧失了发芽能力,浓度2.97%时,甘肃民勤沙生植物园梭梭种子发芽能力最强,新疆白梭梭最弱;NaCl对各种源梭梭种子发芽能力的胁迫程度低于盐土。 相似文献
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目的:研究不同处理对青海祁连湿地华扁穗草种子发芽率和发芽势的影响。方法:选择GA、砂积温和吸湿回干处理,观测不同处理对青海祁连湿地华扁穗草种子发芽率和发芽势的影响。结果:砂积温处理120 d后,在25℃条件下萌发,对华扁穗草种子的发芽率及发芽势有明显的促进作用;GA和吸湿回干处理不能显著提高华扁穗草种子的发芽率。结论:适当的积温处理和合适的温度能促进青海祁连湿地华扁穗草种子的萌发。 相似文献
4.
为了探究小麦新品种‘宛麦632’的抗旱性,以‘周麦18’为对照试验材料,采用PEG模拟干旱和田间自然干旱的方法测定抗旱指标。无干旱胁迫条件下,‘宛麦632’与‘周麦18’的各项抗旱指标均无显著差异,其产量分别为7052 kg/hm2和6916 kg/hm2。干旱胁迫条件下,在萌发期,‘宛麦632’的发芽率、发芽势分别较‘周麦18’高44.23%、106.25%;在苗期,‘宛麦632’的苗高、根长、茎叶鲜重和根鲜重分别较‘周麦18’高62.90%、55.32%、83.33%和60.00%;在成株期,‘宛麦632’的株高、最高分蘖、有效穗、穗粒数、千粒重和产量分别较‘周麦18’高2.99%、1.94%、1.44%、14.71%、10.61%和6.80%。除有效穗外,其他性状差异均达显著水平。此外,‘宛麦632’和‘周麦18’的综合抗旱指数分别为0.901、0.582。据此认为,在干旱胁迫条件下,‘宛麦632’生长受抑制程度小,其各项抗旱指标均优于‘周麦18’;‘宛麦632’具有较好的抗旱性,在干旱环境下有产量优势。 相似文献
5.
赤霉素对猕猴桃种子萌发的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了明确赤霉素对猕猴桃种子萌发的影响,采用上海同瑞科技有限公司生产的75%的赤霉素结晶粉对猕猴桃种子进行处理,在猕猴桃种子萌发的适宜条件下实验,结果表明,用赤霉素处理的种子的发芽势和发芽率明显高于对照,尤其是发芽势明显增强,两次实验4次重复平均发芽数在播后第20天(发芽势记载日期)比对照高38.3%~80.1%,在播后第19天高67.2%~140.4%,同时萌发的时间缩短,比对照早2~4d;不同浓度处理之间的发芽率随着浓度的增加也有增效作用,浓度越大,发芽率越高,在播后第19天的发芽率在39.3%~56.5%之间,第24天的发芽率在94.3%~99%之间. 相似文献
6.
提高节瓜种子发芽力的种子处理技术的研究 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:8
本试验通过光照处理,破壳处理,0.1%H2O2或0.3MKNO3浸种处理,湿种子2-6℃低温处理,于种子2-6℃冷冻处理和变温催芽(30℃12小时,2-6℃12小时)处理来提高节瓜种子的发芽势和发芽率,结果表明,各种处理都能不同程度地提高节瓜种子的发芽势和发芽率;0.3MKNO3浸种10小时后再在2-6℃低温下保湿5天和0.1%H2O2浸种10小时后再变温催芽能将节瓜种子的发芽势和发芽率分别提高44.67%,66.00%和61.34%,62.00%。 相似文献
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浸种时间对大豆发芽的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
不同浸种时间对大豆发芽有影响,随浸种时间的延长.大豆种子的发芽势和发芽率逐渐下降,浸种4h后发芽势下降显著;浸种12h后发芽率下降显著。而未经浸种处理的种子发芽势和发芽率最高。 相似文献
10.
以早稻中早25收割后进行33h 40℃烘干处理的种子为试验材料,研究低温烘干种子在不同处理下的发芽表现。结果表明:低温烘干能够降低种子遭霉菌感染程度,提高发芽率,但不能有效解除种子休眠,也不能有效提高种子的发芽势。低温烘干种子在未晒种发芽前湿润处理发芽率为83%,显著高于CK,未晒种发芽前浸泡处理发芽率为81%,高于CK但差异不显著;低温烘干种子在晒种后发芽前湿润处理和晒种后发芽前浸泡处理下的发芽率分别为85%和86%,均高于CK,但差异不显著。晒种后的低温烘干种子平均发芽势和发芽率分别为83.5%和85.5%,发芽势与未晒种相比差异显著,发芽率差异不显著。提出低温烘干种子在播种前宜进行晒种。 相似文献
11.
Salt tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) at the seed germination stage is one of the major determinants for the stable stand establishment in salinity soil. One
population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs, F2:9), derived from a cross between a japonica rice landrace tolerant to salt stress and a sensitive indica rice variety, was used to determine the germination traits including
imbibition rate and germination percentage under control (water) and salt stress (100 mM NaCl) for 10 days at 30 °C. The multiple
interval mapping (MIM) were applied to conduct QTL for the traits. The results showed that seed germination was a quantitative
trait controlled by several genes, and strongly affected by salt stress. A total of 16 QTLs were detected in this study, and
each QTL could explain 4.6–43.7% of the total phenotypic variance. The expression of these QTLs might be developmentally regulated
and growth stage-specific. In addition, only one digenic interaction was detected under salt stress, showing small effect
on germination percentage with R2 2.7%. Among sixteen QTLs detected in this study, four were major QTLs with R2 > 30%, and some novel alleles of salt tolerance genes in rice. The results demonstrated that the japonica rice Jiucaiqing is a good source of gene(s) for salt tolerance and the major or minor QTLs identified could be used to improve
the salt tolerance by marker-assisted selection (MAS) in rice. 相似文献
12.
水稻种子的发芽规律及其控制措施研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
不同成熟度的水稻种子发诫测定结果表明,成熟度越高,种子的发芽能力越高,种子的发芽率在开花授粉后20天就可达到70%、25天可达到80%以上,烘干处理不能提高成熟度(指开花授粉后的天数)中等的种子发芽力,而且使其发芽势降低,研究结果表明,成熟度高的水稻种子不经风干就可进行发芽,而且发芽势高,另外,5种外源药剂有解除种子休眠的作用,提高发芽率,其中1%H2O2、0。2NH2SO4和0.2N硝酸钾处理的 相似文献
13.
Fátima Bosetti Camila Montebelli Ana Dionísia L.C. Novembre Helena Pescarin Chamma José Baldin Pinheiro 《Breeding Science》2012,62(3):209-215
Low temperatures at the initial stages of rice development prevent fast germination and seedling establishment and may cause significant productivity losses. In order to develop rice cultivars exhibiting cold tolerance, it is necessary to investigate genetic resources, providing basic knowledge to allow the introduction of genes involved in low temperature germination ability from accessions into elite cultivars. Japanese rice accessions were evaluated at the germination under two conditions: 13°C for 28 days (cold stress) and 28°C for seven days (optimal temperature). The traits studied were coleoptile and radicle length under optimal temperature, coleoptile and radicle length under cold and percentage of the reduction in coleptile and radicle length due to low temperature. Among the accessions studied, genetic variation for traits related to germination under low temperatures was observed and accessions exhibiting adequate performance for all investigated traits were identified. The use of multivariate analysis allowed the identification of the genotypes displaying cold tolerance by smaller reductions in coleoptile and radicle lenght in the presence of cold and high vigour, by higher coleoptile and radicle growth under cold. 相似文献
14.
The effects of incubation temperature on germination of intact and dehusked japonica rice that had been harvested every 5 days from 10 days after anthesis (DAA) to 70 DAA were surveyed. At 30 °C incubation, the germination percentage of intact seeds at 25 DAA exceeded that of dehusked seeds. This tendency persisted until 65 DAA, when around 95% of both intact and dehusked seeds germinated. Germination percentages of intact seeds incubated at 20 °C were lower than seeds incubated at 30 °C for all DAA. However, germination percentages of dehusked seeds incubated at 20 °C were consistently higher than at 30 °C. Germination percentages of intact and dehusked seeds were similar at 20 °C incubation. Germination of intact seeds under 34/11 °C (16/8 h) was higher than at 30 °C. In contrast, germination of dehusked seeds under 34/11 °C (16/8 h) was lower than at 30°C. Inhibitory effects of removing husk on germination were observed from 15 to 70 DAA. Almost all of the intact seeds at 45 DAA germinated when imbibed 35, 30 and 25 °C, and germination percentages decreased with decreasing incubation temperatures from 20 to 15 °C. By contrast, germination percentage of dehusked seeds was highest in 20 °C incubation temperature; further increase or decrease of incubation temperature reduced germination percentage. The optimum germination temperature of intact and dehusked seeds of japonica rice differs during seed formation, such that the extent of germination inhibition by husk removal depends on the incubation temperature. 相似文献
15.
磁化NaCl胁迫溶液对水稻种子萌发的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
研究磁化强度对NaCl胁迫下水稻种子萌发和幼苗生理的影响。方法:用不同强度的磁化NaCl胁迫溶液浸种并喷洒水稻种子及幼苗,测定种子的发芽指标和幼苗的生理指标。实验结果表明:经0.05T的磁化强度处理后,与对照相比,水稻种子萌发的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和幼苗中可溶性糖含量有明显提高,达到显著性差异水平;溶液经不同磁化处理后,过氧化物酶活性增强,表现为酶带增多,酶带加粗;对酯酶同工酶影响不太明显。结论:研究表明一定强度的磁化处理可以提高盐胁迫下水稻种子的萌发能力和幼苗的抗盐能力。 相似文献
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不同秸秆及绿肥浸提液对水稻的化感作用研究 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
研究不同秸秆及绿肥对水稻的化感作用,为稻田秸秆及绿肥还田提供参考。采用室内培养试验,通过测定稻草、油菜秸秆、麦秸、紫云英及紫云英+油菜混合浸提液对水稻发芽及幼苗生物量的影响,研究不同秸秆及绿肥对水稻的化感作用。不同秸秆及绿肥化感作用对水稻种子发芽率均无显著影响,只是不同程度地延迟了种子的发芽进度;不同浓度的各浸提液对水稻幼苗鲜重有显著的促进作用,稻草、油菜秸秆、麦秸、紫云英及紫云英+油菜浸提液各浓度下对鲜重的最大促进作用分别为16.84%、6.72%、17.50%、16.13%、25.84%;稻草、油菜秸秆、麦秸、紫云英及油菜+紫云英的综合敏感指数分别为4.70%、4.10%、7.96%、0.94%、5.20%。各秸秆及绿肥对水稻均表现为化感促进作用,紫云英与油菜混合使用对水稻的化感促进作用较二者单一使用效果更好。 相似文献
17.
含羞草种子萌发特性研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用浓硫酸酸蚀、烫种、砂磨等不同处理方法对含羞草种子进行萌发试验,测定其发芽率、发芽势及在不同温度下的生长势,探讨含羞草种子的萌发特性。结果表明:未经处理的含羞草种子发芽率为13.6%,硬实率达60.6%;种皮是影响其萌发的主要因素,95℃1min烫种对含羞草种子萌发作用明显,发芽率、发芽势最高,分别为94.3%、92.0%;浓硫酸处理50min也可提高含羞草种子萌发,发芽率、发芽势分别为84.0%,79.7%;砂磨处理发芽率为16.3%,效果不明显;含羞草种子萌发最适温度为30℃。 相似文献
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研究了水稻种子H_2O_2流速与种子活力的关系,为快速无损伤鉴别水稻种子活力方法提供依据。以粳稻日本晴、籼稻金农丝苗为材料,采用高温高湿人工老化方法处理种子0,7,10 d获取不同活力水平种子,测量3种类型种子的发芽率、根长、芽长、电导率、H_2O_2含量、CAT活性等性状,并利用非损伤微测系统(NMT)测量种子的H_2O_2流速。结果表明,老化处理造成水稻种子发芽率、根长、芽长和CAT活性降低,而电导率、H_2O_2含量及外排流速增加;老化处理10 d,老化程度加重,趋势更明显。H_2O_2流速与种子发芽率表现极显著负相关的线性关系。种子的H_2O_2流速大小及方向反映了种子内部的氧化还原平衡和细胞膜的状态,通过非损伤微测技术测定H_2O_2流速可以作为水稻种子活力判断的一种方法。 相似文献
20.
不同灌溉方式对杂交粳稻皖旱优1号产量和稻米品质的影响 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
以水旱兼用的早熟中粳杂交稻皖旱优1号为试验材料,研究不同灌溉方式对其产量及稻米品质的影响。结果表明:无水层灌溉与常规灌溉相比,株高变矮,穗长、有效穗数、穗总粒数和穗实粒数均增加,千粒重减小,2a增产分别为14.1%、8.2%。无水层灌溉的垩白粒率和垩白度均降低,胶稠度增加,糙米率、直链淀粉含量有增加趋势,粒长变长,粒宽变小,整精米率略有下降,对稻米品质总体上有所改善。 相似文献