从柑桔生理探讨合理性施肥

正确地施肥是柑桔获得高产、稳产、优质的重要措施。树体营养不足容易引起早衰,品质下降。只有每年适时适量地给树体补以足够的养分,才能保持健壮、稳定的树势,增强抗逆性,使果实品质不易因气候变化而下降,以获高产、优质。一、柑桔根系的养分吸收规律柑桔根系对土壤养分的吸收受地温、树体渗透能的变化及根系的发育程度三因素所制约。 1.地温曾研究认为,柑桔根系对土壤养分的吸收受地温影响最大。从12℃开始,根系对养分的吸收量随地温上升急剧增加,     

施钾水平与钾肥品种对幼年早熟温州蜜柑挂果数及产量的影响

钾既是作物生长发育必需的三大营养元素之一 ,又由于其在作物生理生化过程中的特殊功能而一直被誉为“品质元素”[1] 。柑桔属多年生常绿果树 ,开花量大 ,挂果期长 ,对养分需求量大 ,其产量年度变异大。钾肥对提高柑桔产量和改善果实品质起着十分重要的作用[2 ] 。近年来 ,关于柑桔施钾效应的研究较多[2～ 4 ] ,但有关钾肥用量的研究结果很不一致。柑桔钾肥施用的品种主要为硫酸钾和氯化钾 ,柑桔施用这两种钾肥的效果 ,试验结果也不尽相同[2 ,5] 。目前比较一致的看法是 ,硫酸钾优于氯化钾 ,但价格较贵 ,在生产上可用部分氯化钾代替硫酸钾 ,…     

柑桔营养特性与柑桔专用有机复合肥

柑桔为常绿果树 ,一年多次抽梢 ,生长期长 ,结果量大 ,需肥量大 ,其总需肥量相当于落叶果树的两倍左右。树体营养具有累积效应 ,且不同生物学年龄时期和不同品种、不同砧木对营养需求不同。在营养平衡条件下可克服或缩小大小年结果变幅。花期和果实膨大期是营养需求高峰期 ,对当年和次年产量均有明显影响。合理施肥不但能稳、匀、足、适地供给柑桔树养分 ,促进其生长和发育 ,提高产量和品质 ,而且能改善土壤结构 ,提高土壤肥力。复合肥 ,特别是高浓度、多成分、多功能、高效复合肥是现代工厂化生产肥料发展的主要方向。有机 无机复合肥正是…     

柑桔冬季如何保叶

柑桔的叶片是制造同化产物的主要场所，一般寿命长达１年半以上，而提早脱落的叶片，特别是只有８、９个月龄的叶片过早地异常脱落，将会招致树体养分的大量流失。因此，如何延长叶龄，是争取柑桔丰产的主要途径，尤其是设法减少冬季的落叶，避免养分的消耗，不但利于增强树势，安全越冬，而且会促进柑桔花芽分化，为来年丰产打下基础。根据我校桔园多年冬季保叶所采取的措施，现给大家介绍几条柑桔冬季保叶的经验：１　适时采收果实达７成以上呈现该品种固有的色泽时（橙黄、红等）就采。过早，影响果实品质；过迟，不利树体恢复。２　适时…     

影响柑桔品质的原因及优质栽培技术述评

随着柑桔产量的迅速增长和人们生活水平的提高，消费者对柑桔果品的要求由数量型向质量型转变，外观美、品质佳、商品性好的柑桔果品将越来越受到欢迎。本文通过对柑桔品质构成要素，影响品质的主要因子分析，来探讨提高柑桔品质的技术措施。     

柑桔不同树龄配方施肥技术

柑桔生长量大、开花量多、结果早、挂果期长,消耗养分特别多.每生产50千克果实需从土壤中吸收氮0.60千克;五氧化二磷0.11千克;钾0.40千克.柑桔吸收养分的数量是确定柑桔施肥配方的重要依据.     

宜宾市翠屏区柑桔产业现状、前景及发展对策

宜宾市翠屏区是甜橙生长最适区，柑桔是翠屏区重要的农业产业，是翠屏区第一大水果。分散零散、重栽轻管、技术水平低、销售网络不健全、采后处理薄弱是目前翠屏区柑桔生产所面临的现实问题；加强基地建设，扩大种植规模，完善技术推广服务体系，提高柑桔单产和品质，扶持壮大龙头企业，强化采后处理，拓宽销售渠道，发展近郊休闲观光果业．是做大做强翠屏区柑桔产业的基本对策。     

提高肥料利用率有效途径初探

<正>肥料利用率是指当季作物吸收营养元素的数量占施入土壤中肥料营养元素总量的百分比。肥料利用率愈高,养分的损失就愈小。吉水县近年来对水稻、油菜、花生、柑桔等作物进行了多次肥料利用率试验,结果表明,氮磷钾肥料的利用率分别为:氮肥31%～38%、磷肥     

氮磷钾施肥比例对枣幼树生长、结果和果实品质的影响

 以‘大瓜枣’为试材，用盆栽试验研究了氮磷钾施肥比例对枣幼树生长、结果和品质的影响，结果表明，氮磷钾比例为2∶1∶2时，生长中庸，树形结构合理，可显著提高坐果和产量。氮磷钾比例为2∶1.5∶3时，可显著促进生长，较丰产，可溶性固形物含量高,两种比例均可作为施肥参考。施用有机肥可增进品质。     

衢州市柑桔出口现状与扩大出口对策

衢州市柑桔栽培历史悠久，是浙江省柑桔生产第一大市。受多种因素影响，2008年衢州市柑桔销售形势不佳，出口有喜有忧。采取多种营销策略，提高衢州柑桔市场占有率；实施品牌战略，提高衢州柑桔国际知名度；走产业化、集约化发展道路，提高柑桔生产经营效益；加大投入，扶强一批出口龙头企业；积极申请相关认证，提高衢州柑桔内在品质，这些都是扩大衢州柑桔出口，解决衢州柑桔销售难题的有效措施。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。