国际出入境伴侣动物检疫技术管理措施

正近年来陪同出入境的伴侣动物逐渐增多,给我国对出入境伴侣动物的检验检疫监管工作、防止动物疫情传播带来了新的挑战。出入境伴侣动物来自不同的国家和地区,疫情复杂,做好出入境动物的检验检疫监管工作对于防范动物疫病的传入和传出,保障人类健康具有举足轻重的作用。本文搜集整理了目前国际上对入境伴侣动物采取的检疫监管措施,并针对目前我国对出入境伴侣动     

入境伴侣动物检疫监管存在问题及对策

对入境伴侣动物实施有效检疫,防止外来疫病传入国境,是口岸动物检疫部门一项重要工作。本文结合笔者多年实际工作经验,围绕目前我国入境伴侣动物检疫监管中存在的问题,积极探索行之有效的检疫监管新模式,以确保国境安全和人民健康。     

日本进口伴侣动物检疫制度对我国的启示

随着我国对外开放的不断深入,国际间往来的频繁,携带伴侣动物进境的情况也呈现逐年增加的趋势。对入境伴侣动物实施有效检疫,是防范外来疫情疫病传入的重要保证。本文旨在通过介绍日本对入境伴侣动物的检疫制度,得到一些加强入境伴侣动物检疫监管的启示。     

基于泉州石井口岸的入境伴侣动物检疫监管实践分析

近年来,由于携带伴侣动物入境的人员越来越多,如何把好国门,防范入境伴侣动物携带疫病传入我国,成为各口岸检验检疫部门的一项重要任务。本文分析了泉州石井口岸入境伴侣动物检疫监管工作实践中面临的,难以核查检疫证书真实性、缺乏指定隔离场以及走私等问题,提出了加强国际及地区协作,运用信息化手段核实检疫证书、完善直属局内的入境检疫指定隔离场、加强直属局之间的协作、加强与口岸联检部门的协作等对策,以期对我国现行入境伴侣动物的检疫监管措施的完善提供参考。     

北京口岸进境伴侣动物隔离检疫的现状及思考

本文介绍了北京口岸进境伴侣动物隔离检疫的现状,包括动物隔离检疫监管体系、动物隔离场的职能和隔离检疫的流程。并通过具体实践,分析了隔离检疫期间存在的问题,并提出相应建议。     

进境伴侣动物狂犬病检验检疫制度对比分析

本文通过比较狂犬病非疫区国家(日本,澳大利亚,韩国,欧盟)、疫区国家(美国,加拿大,俄罗斯)与中国进境伴侣动物检验检疫制度,发现非疫区国家对疫苗效价、芯片、相关证书、驱虫等要求较高,而疫区国家仅对相关证书和驱虫有要求。我国对疫区国家入境的伴侣动物隔离检疫要求为30天,对非疫区的隔离检疫要求为7天,居家隔离为23天。由于各个口岸建设情况不同,伴侣动物入境检验检疫实施情况也有所不同。为加强入境检疫监管,建议限制伴侣动物入境口岸数量,与承运单位和机场相关部门合作,完善进境伴侣动物检疫制度。     

入境伴侣动物检验检疫措施的研究进展

介绍了伴侣动物入境的相关情况及国外严格成熟的检验检疫措施,为我国的伴侣动物入境检验检疫提供参考资料。     

进境伴侣动物的检疫

随着我国改革开放及对外贸易发展，进出境旅客数量日渐增多，携带伴侣动物的数量、种类、范围也在不断增加和扩大。由于伴侣动物具有隐蔽性、随机性和非专业性等特点，给检疫工作带来一定困难。如何搞好进出境伴侣动物的检疫，防止危险性动物疫病的传入，确保人畜健康，是动植物检疫工作人员急需解决的一个问题。青岛动植物检疫局自1993年5月起（青岛至仁川的国际客货航班开通），多次截留入境伴侣动物，为认真搞好检疫，我们主要做了以下几个方面的工作。一、广泛宣传动植物检疫的重要意义，提高旅客对动植物检疫工作的认识，增强法制观念…     

犬猫产地检疫工作浅析

本文从伴侣动物产地检疫的法律规定入手,分析了犬猫产地检疫的工作现状,列举了当前存在的缺少统一畜禽标识、实验室检测成本过高、贩卖的幼犬难以完成规定免疫程序、省内动物检疫证明的有效期设置过短、对携带犬猫自驾外出难以监管等一系列问题,提出了建立统一的宠物身份识别系统、尽快出台宠物健康标准、引入风险评估机制、下放省内动物检疫的管理权限、修订完善相关法律法规等建议。     

当前实验动物检疫监管分析

规范实验动物检疫监管工作,是有效贯彻落实《动物防疫法》,维护动物卫生监管秩序的重要举措。本文结合实验动物检疫监管现状,分析了当前实验动物监管存在监管主体职责边界交叉,产地检疫规程缺乏,未经强免存隐患,运输环节监管难等问题。这提示应精简行政许可,完善免疫措施和检疫规程,规范实验动物生产及运输管理,加大联合执法力度,以期为加强和完善实验动物的检疫监管提供参考。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein