粮饲兼用玉米品种陕单19选育研究

粮饲兼用玉米单交种陕单19是西北农林科技大学农学院专用玉米研究室,1997年用自选自交系Y75作母本,本所自交系武308作父本杂交育成。经过2000~2002年陕西省夏播玉米区域试验、生产示范试验,表现出结实性好,适应性强,综合抗性突出,成熟青枝绿叶,子粒产量高,茎叶产草量高,可籽粒饲用和粮草兼用等特点。适用于陕西乃至黄淮海区夏播或华北春播地区推广种植,该品种已申请国家植物新品种保护。     

利用分子标记辅助选择优质蛋白玉米近等基因系

为了扩增优质蛋白玉米育种新种质,用普通玉米种质转育创制优质蛋白玉米(QPM)近等基因系;利用SSR标记phi057进行辅助选择,以优质蛋白玉米种质为o2基因供体,转导、构建来自不同遗传背景普通玉米种质为受体的QPM近等基因系。结果表明：利用共显性SSR标记引物phi057在o2基因供体自交系与普通玉米受体自交系间表现多态性,能区分O2O2、O2o2和o2o2等3种基因型,来自不同遗传背景种质所构建获得的QPM近等基因系赖氨酸含量有不同程度提高,赖氨酸含量达到0.36%~0.42%,不同遗传背景受体自交系赖氨酸增加幅度9.1%~64.0%。普通玉米种质导入供体o2基因后能够提高种质赖氨酸含量。     

优质高产玉米新品种陕单16的选育及应用

优质高产玉米新品种陕单16是由西北农林科技大学农学院专用玉米研究室于1995年用自选系Y75为母本,以所内自交系K12为父本杂交育成。2002年2月陕西省31次农作物品种审定委员会审定,准予推广。1999~2001年参加陕西省玉米区试、生产试验表现出营养品质及外观品种优良,综合抗性好,丰产潜力大,中熟种,持绿期长,保绿度好,产草量高,可粮饲兼用或带棒青贮等特点。适宜在陕西春播,早夏播及同类生态区推广种植。到2002年底陕单16累计推广面积1万hm2,“玉米新种质自交系Y75及其陕单16杂交种配制方法”已申报国家发明专利保护（公开号为CN1372789A,申请号为02114490.7）。     

国审玉米新品种中地88的选育及创新思考

中地88是以自育系M 3-11为母本,自选系D 2-7为父本杂交育成的玉米单交种。2014—2015年参加西北春玉米品种区域试验,2年平均产量为15 943.5kg/hm2,比对照郑单958增产6.57%;2015—2016年参加黄淮海夏玉米品种区域试验,2年平均产量为10 395.0kg/hm2,比对照郑单958增产6.13%;2016年参加西北春玉米品种生产试验,平均产量为14 982.0kg/hm2,比对照郑单958增产6.65%;同年参加黄淮海夏玉米品种生产试验,平均产量为10 151.1kg/hm2,比对照郑单958增产5.15%。中地88对茎腐病、粗缩病、大斑病、小斑病、弯孢菌叶斑病等均有较高的抗性;籽粒品质达到普通玉米一等级国标、高淀粉玉米一等级国标、饲料用玉米二等级国标和青贮玉米一等级国标。中地88于2017年6月通过农业部国家农作物品种审定委员会审定,其主要特点是高产稳产、优质、抗逆性较强,适宜机械化籽粒直收,粮饲青贮兼用,适宜在西北春玉米区、东华北春玉米区和黄淮海夏玉米区及同一适宜生态区种植。     

粮饲兼用型玉米品种菏玉167及栽培技术

菏玉167是菏泽市农业科学院和山东省菏泽市科源种业有限公司联合审定的优质高产、粮饲兼用型玉米品种,该品种以自交系8210为母本、自交系7278为父本杂交选育而成,2016年通过山东省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号:鲁审玉20160016号。菏玉167株型紧凑,夏播生育期108d,比郑单958早熟1d,具有抗性好、优质高产、粮饲兼用等优点,适宜在黄淮海夏玉米种植区种植,种植密度为6.75万株/hm²左右。     

品质蛋白玉米自交系的配合力分析

培育和栽培品质蛋白玉米（Qpm）能提高食用和饲用玉米产品的营养价值。CIMMYT、得克萨斯A＆M大学、Natal大学、南非的育种计划已经培育出了高赖氨酸自交系。有关不同来源的优良QPM自交系在杂种中的配合和表现方面的知识能促进杂交育种中的亲本选配和育种策略制定工作。本文旨在估计不同来源的高赖氨酸玉米自交系间籽粒产量和二级性状的一般配合力（GCA）和特殊配合力（SCA），从而鉴定出它们之间的潜在杂种优势关系。     

粮饲兼用优质蛋白玉米品种户单2000

户单2000玉米品种2001年通过国家审定,由河北隆化三北种业独家经营,该品种籽粒含粗蛋白10.46%、粗脂肪5.68%、赖氨酸0.38%,属于高油的优质蛋白玉米品种,不但是粮饲兼用的优质玉米品种,而且还是非常优良的优质青贮玉米品种.     

绿色、高产、多抗玉米新品种永优696的选育

永优696是鹤壁市农业科学院以自交系Y516为母本、浚59为父本杂交选育而成的玉米新品种。其遗传基因丰富,采取改良Reid×国外杂优模式,于2020年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为国审玉20206165。该品种稳产性、丰产性、综合抗逆性好,适宜在黄淮海夏播区域种植。     

高产稳产优质玉米新品种濮玉18的选育与应用

濮玉18是濮阳市神农种业有限公司于2013年育成,组合为PY23×PY07。该品种属中熟品种,黄淮海夏玉米组出苗至成熟103.45d,比对照郑单958早熟0.2d。在2014—2017年各级试验中表现高产、稳产、优质,该品种适宜在我国黄淮海玉米区夏播种植。种植密度以6.75万~7.5万株/hm^2为宜。     

根据SSR标记划分优质蛋白玉米自交系的杂种优势群

利用SSR标记技术对18个优质蛋白玉米(QPM)自交系和4个代表国内主要杂种优势群的普通玉米标准测验种进行杂种优势群划分, 研究热带、亚热带QPM与温带玉米自交系之间的遗传关系. 从70对引物中筛选出39对扩增谱带清晰且具有多态性的SSR引物, 在供试材料中检测到134个等位基因变异, 平均多态性信息量为0.55. 根据扩增谱带建立0、     

优质蛋白玉米自交系主要农艺性状配合力分析

按Griffing双列杂交方法Ⅳ对9个优质蛋白玉米(QPM)骨干自交系进行组配,将获得的36个杂交组合在云南省的昆明、保山、德宏3种不同生态条件下进行鉴定,对自交系的单株产量、株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、千粒重和胚乳硬度进行配合力分析和遗传参数估算。结果表明,组合间各性状的GCA和SCA差异均极显著;各性状     

优质蛋白玉米发展回顾与前景展望

优质蛋白玉米（QPM）是过去植物育种领域中取得最意想不到的成就之一，它的赖氨酸和色氨酸含量比普通玉米高，从而改善玉米蛋白质品质，因此其营养价值优于普通玉米。文章回顾了优质蛋白玉米的发展历史以及中国优质蛋白玉米研究的发展历程，提出政府支持，重视科技投入，加强研究力度，实施多学科合作尤其是现代生物技术的引进利用，加强种质资源创新与利用研究，把普通玉米自交系和杂种优势群转育为优质蛋白玉米资源，挖掘新的种质源，探索新的检测方法和应用领域，形成科研——种植——加工业——养殖业产业链联合开发是中国优质蛋白玉米研究的发展方向。     

opaque-2玉米近等基因系的构建与赖氨酸含量快速检测

我国高赖氨酸玉米种质资源狭窄,opaque-2(o2)突变基因能大幅提高玉米赖氨酸含量,通过分子标记辅助选择构建o2玉米近等基因系并检测其赖氨酸含量具有重要意义。其中,要解决的两个关键问题是如何准确地将不同供体的o2突变基因导入受体系和如何快速地检测导入系的赖氨酸含量。本研究利用O2基因内紧密连锁的SSR共显性标记引物phi057检测玉米供体和受体自交系的多态性,利用其特异性和共显性构建o2近等基因系;参考已有研究,改进染料结合(DBL)法,测定18组构建成功的o2近等基因系的赖氨酸含量。结果表明,不仅在不同供体(CA339和山东2548)之间存在多态性,而且在不同受体系间也存在多态性,利用phi057能够成功地将不同供体的o2突变基因导入受体系,构建o2近等基因系;改进的DBL法分析表明,不同受体系赖氨酸含量变化较大,不同背景的受体系导入o2突变基因后赖氨酸含量增加的幅度差异也较大;普通玉米自交系间赖氨酸含量为0.223%~0.368%,构建成功的不同o2近等基因系间,赖氨酸含量为0.373%~0.527%,与受体亲本相比,赖氨酸增加幅度最低为13%,最高为74%。分析表明,phi057能准确筛选导入o2突变基因的受体系,结合改进的DBL法能快速地选择赖氨酸含量高的玉米。     

Genetic analysis of tropical quality protein maize (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Zea mays</Emphasis> L.) germplasm

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important source of carbohydrates and protein in the diet in sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of this study were to (i) estimate general (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) of 13 new quality protein maize (QPM) lines in a diallel under stress and non-stress conditions, (ii) compare observed and predicted performance of QPM hybrids, (iii) characterize genetic diversity among the 13 QPM lines using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and assess the relationship between genetic distance and hybrid performance, and (iv) assess diversity and population structure in 116 new QPM inbred lines as compared to eight older tropical QPM lines and 15 non-QPM lines. The GCA and SCA effects were significant for most traits under optimal conditions, indicating that both additive and non-additive genetic effects were important for inheritance of the traits. Additive genetic effects appeared to govern inheritance of most traits under optimal conditions and across environments. Non-additive genetic effects were more important for inheritance of grain yield but additive effects controlled most agronomic traits under drought stress conditions. Inbred lines CKL08056, CKL07292, and CKL07001 had desirable GCA effects for grain yield across drought stress and non-stress conditions. Prediction efficiency for grain yield was highest under optimal conditions. The classification of 139 inbred lines with 95 SNPs generated six clusters, four of which contained 10 or fewer lines, and 16 lines of mixed co-ancestry. There was good agreement between Neighbor Joining dendrogram and Structure classification. The QPM lines used in the diallel were nearly uniformly spread throughout the dendrogram. There was no relationship between genetic distance and grain yield in either the optimal or stressed environments in this study. The genetic diversity in mid-altitude maize germplasm is ample, and the addition of the QPM germplasm did not increase it measurably.     

饲用型玉米陕单8806高产栽培密度研究

通过对饲用型玉米陕单8806进行37500、48000、58500和69000株/hm2等4个密度试验,结果表明：陕单8806的适宜栽培密度为63000株/hm2左右,其吐丝期的合理叶面积指数为5.8左右,该密度下陕单8806拔节至成熟的物质净同化率可达14.3 g/(d.m2)左右     

优质蛋白玉米籽粒性状的遗传效应

选用8个胚乳性状差异显著的优质蛋白玉米(QPM)自交系, 采用Griffing I交配设计组配, 通过对亲本、F₁和F₂的鉴定, 探讨主要籽粒性状的遗传效应和杂种优势, 为有效利用热带硬质QPM种质改良、扩增我国温带QPM种质以及QPM籽粒性状改良和硬质QPM品种选育提供依据。结果表明, 籽粒百粒重、百粒体积、胚乳修饰度和籽粒密度在F₁和F₂代都表现一定的正向杂种优势; 胚乳修饰度在F₁代存在正反交差异, 母体效应明显; 4个性状的F₂代表型值与中亲值的相关性最大; 百粒重和百粒体积主要受母体效应控制, 基因效应以显性效应为主; 胚乳修饰度主要受种子直接效应控制, 基因效应以加性效应为主; 籽粒密度主要受母体效应控制, 基因效应以加性效应和显性效应同等重要。这4个籽粒性状的细胞质效应均较小, 主要受核基因控制。     

Evaluation of grain yield and related agronomic traits of quality protein maize hybrids in Southern Africa

Maize is the major staple food in southern Africa with human consumption averaging 91 kg capita^?1 year^?1, and normal maize is nutritionally deficient in two essential amino acids: tryptophan and lysine. Despite the development of quality protein maize (QPM) with high tryptophan and lysine, stunting and kwashiorkor remain high in sub-Saharan Africa due to lack of high yielding and adapted QPM varieties. This study aimed at evaluating a new generation of QPM varieties for yield and related agronomic traits. Before the QPM varieties were validated on-farm, they were simultaneously selected on-station under five different management conditions. In the 2014/2015 season, 10 elite QPM varieties were selected from on-station trials based on high grain yield and stability, and were compared with the best commercial check varieties on-farm. During the 2015/2016 season, some poorly performing QPM varieties were dropped while new ones were added, resulting in 12 elite QPM varieties being evaluated on-farm. Analysis of variance for the 2014/2015 season showed non-significant hybrid × management condition interaction. Mean grain yields across management conditions ranged from 1.5 to 4 t ha^?1 and were higher under mild stress (2.3–5.5 t ha^?1) compared to random stress conditions (1.1–2.9 t ha^?1). Broad sense heritability estimates were low to moderate (11–69%), and thus could still permit effective selection of better genotypes. Yield advantage ranged from 12 to 25% across the 2 years, suggesting effective genetic gains in QPM breeding. QPM hybrids CZH132044Q, CZH142238Q and CZH142236Q were stable and high yielding. Promotion of such QPM hybrids may help reduce protein energy malnutrition.     

玉米梯度热带种质群体主要经济性状杂种优势研究

为创新玉米育种新材料,选用热带种质按不同比例导入到温带种质中,构建梯度热带种质群体,以梯度热带种质群体为试验材料,探讨群体主要经济性状的遗传差异及杂种优势潜力。结果表明,群体间除秃尖差异达显著水平外,其他性状群体间的差异都达极显著水平;当受体为Mo17和478,分别导入50%比例热带种质‘墨白964’或‘墨黄9号’的群体主要经济性状综合表现较好,筛选出优良的育种新材料和杂种优势强的组合的潜力较大。导入50%热带种质到温带种质中,主要经济性状产生显著变异,符合玉米材料创新和品种选育的需要。     

Simple sequence repeat polymorphism in Quality Protein Maize (QPM) lines

A set of 23 Quality Protein Maize (QPM) lines, including 13 lines developed in India and 10 lines at CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center), Mexico, was analyzed using microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Polymorphic profiles for 36 SSR loci have aided in differentiating the QPM inbred lines. The study resulted in identification of SSR markers, such as bnlg439, phi037, bnlg125, dupssr34 andbnlg105, with high polymorphism information content in the selected QPM genotypes. Detection of 30 unique/rare SSR alleles could contribute to effective differentiation of 14 of the 23 QPM inbreds. An opaque2-specific microsatellite marker, phi057, also facilitated differentiation of opaque2-carrying QPM inbreds from the non-opaque genotypes. Analysis using SSR markers indicated high levels of heterozygosity in majority of the Indian QPM lines and in one CIMMYT QPM inbred, CML188. Cluster analysis using SSR data, followed by canonical discriminant analysis, clearly distinguished the Indian QPM inbreds from those developed at CIMMYT. The cluster patterns were largely in congruence with the available pedigree information of the QPM inbreds studied. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of SSR markers in QPM genotype discrimination and analysis of genetic relationships, and could potentially contribute towards effective utilization of the elite QPM germplasm in Indian maize breeding programmes. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.