Effects of Sub-chronic Aluminum Exposure on Renal Pathologic Structure in Rats

A total of 40 Wistar rats, weighing 130-140 g, were allocated randomly into four groups. They were orally administrated with 0 (control group, GC), 64.18 (low-dose group, GL), 128.36 (middle-dose group, GM), and 256.72 (high-dose group, GH) mg aluminum chloride (AlCl3) per kilogram body weight in drinking water for 120 days. Kidney coefficient and aluminum (Al) concentrations in blood and kidney were determined, and renal autopsy and histological changes were observed. The results showed that kidney coefficient in all Al-treated groups were obviously lower than that in GC (P<0.01) and there was a dose-effect relationship. The kidneys were solid, lusterless and pale brown with white necrosis point on surface. Under electron microscope, renal cortex became thin, the renal tubule was narrowed and the epithelium dissolved; the renal glomerulus became atrophied and the glomerular became vasodilator. The Al concentrations in blood and kidney were higher in all Al-treated rats than those in GC (P<0.01), and there was a dose-effect relationship. The results indicated that sub-chronic Al exposure could lead to Al accumulation in kidney, restrain the development of kidney and cause the pathologic damage in rats.     

Effects of Subchronic Aluminum Exposure on Amino Acids Neurotransmitters in Chicken Brain

To investigate the effects of aluminium (Al) exposure on amino acid neurotransmitters, the chickens with different levels of subchronic Al poisoning were estabolished by continuous peritoneal injection...     

Effects of Subchronic Aluminum Exposure on Liver Function in Rats

Effects of subchronic aluminum （Al） exposure on the function of rat liver were investigated in this experiment. A total of 48 male Wistar rats （4 weeks old） were randomly divided into four groups： expe...     

雀鹰肾脏的组织结构观察及AQP-2、EGF和TGF-β_2在肾脏中的表达

利用切片法观察了雀鹰(Accipiter nisus)肾脏的组织结构,应用免疫组织化学法检测了水通道蛋白-2(AQP-2)、表皮生长因子(EGF)和转化生长因子β2(TGF-β2)在雀鹰肾脏中的表达。结果表明:雀鹰的肾脏主要由许多肾单位、集合管和少量结缔组织构成;肾单位是肾脏的结构功能单位,由肾小体和与之相连的上皮样肾小管构成;肾小球结构简单,由一团盘曲的毛细血管构成;近曲小管上皮细胞游离面有刷状缘;远曲小管和集合管管腔较大,腔面无刷状缘;近曲小管上皮细胞呈EGF和TGF-β2免疫反应阳性;集合管上皮细胞呈AQP-2免疫反应阳性;EGF、TGF-β2和AQP-2可能发挥着不同的功能,对肾脏中水分的平衡及肾单位的功能等可能具有重要的调节作用。     

铝胁迫诱导根系分泌异羟肟酸及其对玉米抵御铝毒害的作用

【目的】通过对铝诱导玉米根系分泌异羟肟酸的研究,为揭示玉米的耐铝机制提供理论依据。【方法】选用玉米品种郑单958和泰玉11号,采用水培方法,设置铝胁迫试验,测定它们在铝胁迫下根伸长量、根尖铝含量、根尖胼胝质含量、根系异羟肟酸的分泌量、异羟肟酸解铝毒的相关指标等,分析玉米的抗铝性、铝对根系分泌异羟肟酸的影响及异羟肟酸的解铝毒作用。【结果】与对照（不加铝）处理相比,10 μmol·L^-1铝（AlCl₃）处理后郑单品种幼根伸长显著受阻而根尖铝含量和根尖胼胝质积累量显著增加。根伸长量降低了47.77%,根尖铝含量和根尖胼胝质含量分别增加了226.64%和60.74%。相反,铝处理对泰玉品种幼根伸长、根尖胼胝质积累的影响不显著。虽然20 μmol·L^-1铝（AlCl₃）处理44 h后泰玉品种根系柠檬酸分泌量比对照（不加铝）处理显著增加了41.28%,但处理24 h内2个玉米品种根系柠檬酸分泌量与对照（不加铝）处理的差异不显著,即24 h内铝不能诱导玉米根系分泌柠檬酸。而铝处理24 h后,铝能诱导泰玉根系分泌异羟肟酸（丁布和门布）,且异羟肟酸的分泌量随着铝浓度（10、15和20 μmol·L^-1）的增加和处理时间（3、6、9、12和24 h）的延长而显著增加,但铝（10、15和20 μmol·L^-1）不能诱导郑单品种根系分泌异羟肟酸。与光照条件相比,在黑暗条件下20 μmol·L^-1铝（AlCl₃）诱导泰玉品种异羟肟酸的分泌量显著增加而根伸长也随之显著改善,丁布和门布的分泌量分别增加了40.81% 和72.02%,根伸长量增加了33.15%。与单独20 μmol·L^-1铝（AlCl₃）处理相比,铝溶液中添加丁布（3 mg·L^-1）和门布（3 mg·L^-1）后玉米初生根伸长量显著增加而根尖铝含量显著降低。添加丁布和门布后,郑单品种根伸长量分别增加了14.16%和13.85%,泰玉品种分别增加了16.16%和11.33%;郑单品种根尖铝含量分别降低了39.94%和43.54%,泰玉品种分别降低了39.92%和42.10%。另一方面,20 μmol·L^-1铝（AlCl₃）处理显著增加泰玉品种根和叶片中的异羟肟酸含量。然而,铝胁迫下郑单叶片中的异羟肟酸含量显著降低。【结论】玉米对铝的抗性与异羟肟酸的分泌有关,铝诱导玉米根系分泌异羟肟酸是玉米抵御铝毒害的一种有效机制,而植株叶片中的异羟肟酸含量可能与异羟肟酸的分泌有关。     

Renal fructose-metabolizing enzymes: significance in hereditary fructose intolerance

In patients with hereditary fructose intolerance, which is characterized by deficient aldolase activity toward fructose-1-phosphate, fructose induces a renal tubular dysfunction that implicates only the proximal convoluted tubule. Because normal metabolism of fructose by way of fructose-1-phosphate requires fructokinase, aldolase "B," and triokinase, the exclusively cortical location of these enzymes indicates that the medulla is not involved in the metabolic abnormality presumably causal of the renal dysfunction.     

生物炭对铝富集酸性土壤的毒性缓解效应及潜在机制

【目的】红壤铝毒是土壤改良持续关注的问题之一。生物炭因其自身的理化和生物学特性,为探索解决该难题提供了新的思路和途径。论文通过在红壤中添加外源铝并种植作物,研究生物炭对铝富集土壤铝毒的缓解效应及潜在机制。【方法】选用酸性红壤做盆栽试验,种植小白菜,添加花生壳生物炭和外源铝,设置CK(0C+0Al)、C(2%C)、Al(1 mmol·L~(~(-1))Al)、C+Al(2%C+1 mmol·L~(~(-1))Al)4个处理,分析生物炭对铝富集红壤不同活性铝及作物生长的影响。【结果】铝毒会显著抑制小白菜的出苗,且加重红壤小白菜生长受抑制的情况,降低小白菜的生物量,同时,铝毒会显著提高小白菜铝含量。而施用生物炭能缓解铝毒对小白菜的抑制影响,显著改善小白菜的生长状况,降低小白菜铝含量,C+Al处理小白菜铝含量较Al处理降低89.4%。铝毒会显著降低红壤的pH,Al处理红壤pH较CK处理降低了0.36个单位,而施用生物炭能显著提高土壤pH,C+Al处理土壤pH较Al处理上升0.62个单位。Al处理较CK处理土壤活性铝含量上升276.4μg·g~(-1),远大于添加量(27μg·g~(-1)),而施用生物炭能显著降低土壤活性铝含量,C+Al处理较Al处理下降14.9%。此外,Al处理交换性Al~(3+)含量较CK处理上升23.1%,施用生物炭后,C+Al处理交换性Al~(3+)含量较Al处理下降46.5%。CK与Al处理土壤活性铝形态主要以具有生物毒害性的交换性Al~(3+)为主,C与C+Al处理土壤活性铝形态主要以单聚体羟基铝离子、胶体Al(OH)30为主。【结论】添加外源铝降低了土壤pH,加重铝的毒害,抑制作物的生长发育。此外,外源铝的添加对红壤中活性铝有较强的激发效应,使得交换性Al~(3+)含量显著升高。然而,生物炭能显著提高酸性土壤pH,且改变不同活性铝的含量,但其对4种不同形态活性铝的效应有较大差异,其主要通过降低具有生物毒性的Al~(3+)含量来缓解铝毒,从而改善作物生长状况。     

Decursin Mediated Protection on Cisplatin-induced Nephrotoxicity in SD Rats and BDF1 Mice

Tisplatin is one of the valuable icancer agents against several types of neoplasm. However, nephrotoxicity is the major adverse effect representing in cisplatin therapy. In this study, the animal tests detecting protective effects of a natural compound, Decursin, on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity were examined by using in vivo model. Pretreatment Decursin 10, 20 and 40 mg · kg^?1 at 48, 24 and 6 h, and administration of a single dose of Cisplatin 5.2 mg · kg^?1. Nephrotoxicity was evaluated by serum BUN and creatinine examination. There was significant difference in body weights, serum BUN and creatinine levels of the normal group. Based on the new understanding of the protective mechanisms of cisplatin-induced nephrotocivity, new strategies can be developed to prevent renal injury or to enhance recovery after cisplatin treatment.     

脯氨酸缓解酸性土壤上小白菜铝毒胁迫的效应及其潜在机制

为了研究不同浓度外源脯氨酸(Pro)对酸性土壤上小白菜铝(Al)毒胁迫的效应及其潜在机制,以小白菜为试验材料,通过酸性土壤盆栽试验,利用不同浓度外源Pro,设置T_1(0 mmol·L~(-1)Al+0 mmol·L~(-1)外源Pro)、T_2(27 mg·kg~(-1)Al+0 mmol·L~(-1)外源Pro)、T_3(27 mg·kg~(-1)Al+10 mmol·L~(-1)外源Pro)、T_4(27 mg·kg~(-1)Al+20 mmol·L~(-1)外源Pro)、T_5(27 mg·kg~(-1)Al+50 mmol·L~(-1)外源Pro)共5个处理,对小白菜生理特性和土壤性质进行研究。结果表明:与T_1相比,Al胁迫下小白菜的产量、抗氧化酶活性以及土壤pH值明显降低,其中,产量降低了约10.6%,土壤pH值降低了0.75个单位;此外,叶片丙二醛和Al含量以及土壤活性Al总量明显升高,其中,小白菜叶片Al含量和土壤活性Al含量分别增加了24.3%和15.3%,对小白菜产生明显胁迫作用,抑制其生长;相对于Al处理,施用不同浓度外源Pro可以明显增加小白菜产量,T_3、T_4和T_5分别增加了29.3%、38.4%和65.2%,抗氧化酶活性也显著提高,而叶片丙二醛和Al含量以及土壤活性Al含量显著降低,T_3、T_4和T_5叶片Al含量分别降低了20.4%、45.6%和49.8%,说明不同浓度外源Pro均能缓解Al对小白菜的胁迫作用。研究表明,外源Pro可缓解Al对小白菜胁迫作用,且缓解效果为T_5T_4T_3,50 mmol·L~(-1)外源Pro缓解效果较好。     

大鸨肾脏组织学观察

大鸨肾表面被较深的裂分成前中后三群肾叶。每个肾叶又被其表面的浅沟分成敷个肾小叶。后者由外周的皮质和基部的髓质构成,但小叶内皮质与髓质分界不明显。肾小叶彼此借小叶间静脉分开。小叶周集合管、小叶内动脉、肾小球以中央静脉为轴呈圆周排列。在小叶内,肾小体与小叶间静脉之间主要分布近曲小管,中央静脉与肾小体之间主要分布远曲小管;髓质主要分布有髓质集合管和髓袢。     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒SF分离株的鉴定

对分离的疑似肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)作了进一步的鉴定。鸡胚盲传至第5代时开始出现死亡和侏儒胚,胚体肾脏肿大有尿酸盐沉积;电镜观察可见80~120 nm的病毒粒子;分离病毒在鸡胚上可干扰新城疫病毒Lasota株的增殖,本身也能被AEV病毒所干扰;SF5株分离毒与部分标准IBV毒株的血清进行中和试验,结果显示与Ark99株有部分交叉保护;经过一系列实验,确定了所分离病毒为肾型IBV,定名为SF株。     

串珠镰刀菌素对雏鸡毒性的研究

毒性研究表明,串珠镰刀菌素对１日龄公雏鸡的灌服ＬＤ５０为４．２９ｍｇ／ｋｇ。心电图分析发现,毒素能引心房颤动,心律不齐,心肌损伤和高血钾。用 串珠镰刀菌素１５３．９６ｍｇ／ｋｇ的日粮喂雏鸡,可引起１００％死亡;用含毒素２５．６６ｍｇ／ｋｇ的日粮喂雏鸡。     

限饲对肉仔鸡生产性能及部分血清生化指标的影响

随机选取4～8周龄期间经30%能量限制的健康哈博德父母代母雏,研究能量限制对其生产性能及血清生化指标的影响.结果表明:30%能量限制后,肉鸡的体重、平均日增重和腹脂率显著降低;血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著升高,丙二醛含量极显著降低,尿酸水平极显著升高;血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇水平极显著降低,较对照分别下降32.2%和13.7%;血清尿素氮水平显著升高;血清碱性磷酸酶水平极显著降低.可见30%能量限制可提高肉鸡的抗氧化水平和降低血脂.     

A study on indicators and evaluation stages of aluminum tolerance in soybean

To determine an appropriate indicator and a suitable stage for evaluating tolerance of soybeans to aluminum (Al) toxin is one of the keys to effective breeding for the trait. Seventeen accessions selected as tolerant from a previous test program by using average membership index (F _Ai ) as indicator, plus one tolerant (PI.416937) and one sensitive (NN1138-2) check, were assayed in sand culture pot experiments, totaling four experiments, each for evaluation at V3, V5, V7 and V9 stage, respectively, each in a randomized complete block design with three replications, and each genotype exposed to two Al levels (0 and 480 μM). The relative values of shoot dry weight (RSDW), root dry weight (RRDW), total plant dry weight (RTDW), total root length (RTRL) and total root surface area (RRSA) as the tolerance indicators as well as F _Ai were compared. All the indicators showed significant variation in Al tolerance among genotypes over and across the leaf stages, but Genotype × Stage interactions were significant only for RTRL and RRSA, indicating that they were less stable among stages than RTDW, RSDW and RRDW. Among the latter three, RTDW was chosen as the major indicator of Al tolerance due to its relatively better stability, higher correlation with other indicators and easier measuring procedure than the others. The seedling age applicable for screening was not definitive, but V5 appeared to compromise between time spent resulting from screening the relatively older seedlings at later stages and low variation among genotypes at a younger stage. The differences of Al tolerance among the tested accessions were further detected by using RTDW, and superior Al tolerant accessions identified were PI.509080 (South Korea), N23533 and N24282 (Northeast China) and PI.159322 (USA), comparable to the putative tolerant check PI.416937 (Japan) at all vegetative stages.     

Construction and Virulence of Filamentous Hemagglutinin Protein B1 Mutant of Pasteurella multocida in Chickens

Pasteurella multocida, a Gram-negative nonmotile coccobacillus, is the causative agent of fowl cholera, bovine hemorrhagic septicemia, enzoonotic pneumonia and swine atropic rhinitis. Two filamentous hemagglutinin genes, fhaB1 and JhaB2, are the potential virulence factors. In this study, an inactivationfhaB1 mutant ofP. multocida in avian strain C48-102 was constructed by a kanamycin-resistance cassette. The virulence of thefhaB1 mutant and the wild type strain was assessed in chickens by intranasal and intramuscular challenge. The inactivation offhaB1 resulted in a high degree of attenuation when the chickens were challenged intranasally and a lesser degree when challenged intramuscularly. ThefhaB1 mutant and the wild type strain were investigated their sensitivity to the antibody-dependent classical complement-mediated killing pathway in 90% convalescent chicken serum. ThefhaB1 mutant was serum sensitive as the viability has reduced between untreated serum and heat inactivated chicken serum （P〈0.007）. These results confirmed that FhaB1 played the critical roles in the bacterial pathogenesis and further studies were needed to investigate the mechanism which caused reduced virulence of the fhaB1 mutant.     

铬对肉仔鸡生长性能、血清生化特性、免疫功能和胴体品质的影响

用294只3周龄Arbor Acres(AA)商品代肉公鸡进行试验,研究玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中添中两种铬源（三氯化铬和酵母铬）及4个铬添加水平（0、0.4、2.0和10.0mg/kg）对肉仔鸡生长性能、血清生化特性、免疫功能和胴体品质的影响。试鸡共分7组（两铬源共用零添加组）,试验期3周。结果表明,三氯化铬在提高肉仔鸡饲料转化效率及法氏囊相对重量上比酵母铬更有效（P < 0.10）,其余多数性能指标在两铬源间无显著差异(P > 0.10);日粮中添加2.0和10.0mg/kg水平铬可显著提高肉仔鸡的血清新城疫抗体效价和胸肌率(P < 0.05),铬水平对其余多数指标无影响(P > 0.10);除胸肌率(P < 0.03)外,其余指标均未观测到铬源与铬水平的互作(P > 0.10)。     

硼中毒对固始鸡肾脏组织结构的影响

将120羽1日龄固始鸡随机分为对照组和试验组,在饮水中添加硼,添加量分别为04、00 mg.L-1,试验期6周,研究硼中毒对固始鸡肾脏组织结构的影响.每周末每组取鸡10羽,颈动、静脉放血致死,立即解剖取肾脏,制成石蜡切片,HE染色,Olympus显微摄影系统观察并摄影.结果显示,试验组1-4周龄肾脏组织结构病理变化明显,血管球萎缩,结构模糊,甚至碎解,肾小囊腔变大,肾小管受损明显;5周龄起,试验组肾脏的组织结构呈现一定恢复状态,但仍可见一定数量结构受损的肾小体、肾小管和集合小管.结果表明,饮水添加400 mg.L-1硼对固始鸡肾脏的组织结构与功能具有明显的损伤和毒性作用.     

新鱼腥草素钠纳米乳佐剂对肉仔鸡免疫功能的影响

以新鱼腥草素钠纳米乳为免疫佐剂,将其混入传染性支气管炎灭活疫苗,探讨其对肉仔鸡免疫功能的影响。选150只1日龄黄羽肉鸡,随机分成3组,第1组用新鱼腥草素钠纳米乳佐剂疫苗,铝胶佐剂疫苗为阳性对照组作为第2组,第3组为空白对照组(PBS)。免疫后21d(35日龄)采用IBV M41株病毒液进行点眼、滴鼻攻毒。通过测定每组鸡淋巴细胞(PBMC)增殖情况、鸡血清抗体效价、IBV强毒株攻毒保护及组织病理学变化。结果表明:新鱼腥草素钠纳米乳佐剂组PBMC增殖指数、鸡血清抗体效价水平显著提高(P0.05),在IBV M41株攻毒试验中,新鱼腥草素钠纳米乳佐剂组可显著减轻病毒感染肉仔鸡临床症状,肺和肾无明显组织病理学变化,免疫保护率达到96.7%。这表明以新鱼腥草素钠纳米乳佐剂能提高肉仔鸡对传染性支气管炎的免疫力。     

Integration of genome-wide association study and selection signatures reveals genetic determinants for skeletal muscle production traits in an F2 chicken population

Improving the production of broiler chicken meat has been a goal of broiler breeding programs worldwide for many years. However, the genetic architectures of skeletal muscle production traits in chickens have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, a total of 519 F₂ birds, derived from a cross of Arbor Acres broiler and Baier layer, were re-sequenced (26 F₀ individuals were re-sequenced at a 10-fold depth; 519 F₂ individuals were re-sequenced at a 3-fold depth) and the coupling of genome-wide association study (GWAS) and selection signatures (F_ST (fixation index) and θ_π (nucleotide diversity)) was carried out to pinpoint the associated loci and genes that contribute to pectoral muscle weight (PMW) and thigh muscle weight (TMW). A total of 7 890 258 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) remained to be analyzed after quality control and imputation. The integration of GWAS and selection signature analyses revealed that genetic determinants responsible for skeletal muscle production traits were mainly localized on chromosomes 1 (168.95–172.43 Mb) and 4 (74.37–75.23 Mb). A total of 17 positional candidate genes (PCGs) (LRCH1, CDADC1, CAB39L, LOC112531568, LOC112531569, FAM124A, FOXO1, NBEA, GPALPP1, RUBCNL, ARL11, KPNA3, LHFP, GBA3, LOC112532426, KCNIP4, and SLIT2) were identified in these regions. In particular, KPNA3 and FOXO1 were the most promising candidates for meat production in chickens. These findings will help enhance our understanding of the genetic architecture of chicken muscle production traits, and the significant SNPs identified could be promising candidates for integration into practical breeding programs such as genome-wide selection (GS) to improve the meat yield of chickens.