浅谈私屠滥宰的危害性及防治对策

我国对畜禽屠宰实行规范化管理、法制化检验检疫,满足了人民群众消费要求,顺应了社会发展的必然趋势。规范屠宰,依法检疫检验是人们买"安全肉"、吃"放心肉"的愿望所在,现畜禽屠宰已经走上法制化管理的轨道,进一步说明定点屠宰、集中检疫、分散经营、统一纳税管理模式利国利民,被社会公认、被消费者认可。《生猪屠宰管理条例》等相关法律法规明确规定,     

运输领域中的动物检疫监督执法与典型案例分析

随着社会不断进步,我国法制化建设步伐日益加快,依法行政以及文明执法进程也随之加快。在监管问责机制日渐完善下,动物卫生监督执法人员拥有更大的追责力度。由于运输领域的动物检疫监督执法存在渎职风险,我国相关部门深入学习并贯彻了相关的法律法规,并全面分析往年的典型案例,多次推敲,总结经验,注重理论联系实际,不断提高执法队伍的综合素养,确保动物检疫监督工作的顺利开展。     

国际赛马进出境检疫的法律问题

为评估国内法律法规在国际赛马进出境检疫方面的适用性,将国际赛马跨境移动的特殊性与我国现行的动物检疫法律法规进行了对照,发现国内法律法规在此方面的适用性较差,建议修订完善相关法律,制订相应的技术规范。     

浅议运输检疫工作中的程序监督——国内《通报制度》的确立

1985年2月14日国务院发布《家畜家禽防疫条例》标志着我国畜禽防疫工作正式步入法制化轨道,同时也要求随之建立与此相应的各种形式的监督管理制度。制度是依法检疫的保障,防检疫法律法规的颁布,如无严格、健全的监督管理制度做保障,法律法     

基层生猪定点屠宰场检疫工作体会

随着我国经济建设的迅速发展和法制建设的逐步完善,特别是《动物防疫法》、《生猪屠宰管理条例》、《动物检疫管理办法》等法律、法规的颁布实施,我国动物屠宰检疫工作走上了＂有法可依＂的规范化、法制化轨道。对生猪屠宰实行定点屠宰、     

沂水县法院为兽医检疫工作保驾护航

近年来,我县法院积极配合畜牧部门深入基层,帮助解决检疫难题,使我县的兽医卫生检疫检验工作逐步走上了法制化,规范化的管理轨道。无业者丁某,无视国家法律法规和县有关部门的三令五申,在没有任何证照的情况下从事畜产品(小碎肉)经     

我国进出境动物检疫法制化和标准化建设

我国进出境动物检疫法制化和标准化建设于大海（中国动植物检疫局，北京１０００２９）当前，我国已进入加快建立社会主义市场经济体制，促进国民经济持续、快速、健康发展的新时期。在新的形势和任务面前，我国进出境动物检疫必须面向世界，与世界接轨，运用科学方法决策...     

我国动物药学学科建设及兽医药事管理学教学探讨

随着我国兽药行业的蓬勃发展,动物药学专业应运而生。兽医药事管理学是动物药学专业的重要课程之一,教学目的是使学生能充分掌握、理解我国兽医药事管理法律法规,熟悉兽药研制、生产、流通和使用等各环节质量保证和控制的相关法律法规程序,明确兽药的安全有效与法制化管理的关系。但因我国在该方面起步较晚,该课程设置、教材建设及师资队伍建设等方面都还处在探索阶段,就动物药学学科建设及兽医药事管理教学现状及展望等进行了探讨。     

浅谈如何做好生猪屠宰场的检疫工作

随着我国经济建设的迅速发展和法制建设的逐步完善,特别是《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》的颁布实施,我国动物防疫检疫工作走上了“有法可依”的规范化、法制化轨道,实行“定点屠宰,集中检疫”是当前规范市场检疫的有效途径。因此,开展好定点屠宰的检疫工作是保障市场肉食品安全的重要环节。笔者经过几年的工作实践和探索,就如何做好生猪定点屠宰场的检疫工作谈一些粗浅看法。     

基层动物检疫监管工作存在的问题和建议

动物检疫是指对动物、动物产品实施的产地检疫、屠宰检疫。是预防、控制动物疫病,防止疫病传播、扩散和流行的重要手段,对保障动物卫生安全和人民群众身体健康起着重要的作用。随着《动物防疫法》、《畜牧法》等相关法律法规的的颁布实施,动物检疫监管工作变得越来越规范化、法制化。但目前来看,基层动物检疫监管工作还存在许多问题。     

Anaesthesia and analgesia of the donkey and the mule

The number of donkeys and mules throughout the world is stable, and awareness of their use and concern for welfare, pain recognition and treatment are receiving increasing veterinary interest. Therefore, accurate information about anaesthesia and analgesia in donkeys and mules is important to ever more equine practitioners. Since donkeys are physiologically and pharmacologically different from horses, knowledge on species specific aspects of anaesthesia and analgesia are very important. Mules combine elements from both donkey and horse backgrounds, leading to great diversity in size, temperament and body type. Physiologically, they seem to resemble horses more than donkeys. This review highlights the current knowledge on various anaesthetic and analgesic approaches in donkeys and mules. There is still much information that is not available about donkeys; in many circumstances, the clinician must use available equine information to treat the patient, while monitoring carefully to observe for differences in response to therapy compared to the horse.     

Ultrasonographic examination of the caecum and the proximal and spiral ansa of the colon of cattle

The large intestine of 10 cows was examined from the right abdominal wall with a 3.5 MHz linear transducer. The cows were then slaughtered, and the organs were re-examined in a water bath. The caecum was visualised from the middle region of the abdominal wall. It ran caudo-cranially, varied in diameter from 5.2 to 18.0 cm and was situated immediately adjacent to the abdominal wall. The lateral wall of the caecum appeared as a thick, echogenic, crescent-shaped line. It could be visualised as far cranially as the 12th intercostal space. Although its junction could not be identified, the proximal ansa of the colon was recognised on the basis of its anatomical position and its diameter, which was smaller than that of the caecum. The spiral ansa of the colon and the descending colon were situated dorsal to the caecum and could be identified by moving the transducer horizontally along the abdominal wall to the last rib. The spiral ansa of the colon was situated ventral to the descending colon, and its walls appeared as thick echogenic lines. In a contracted state, the spiral colon had the appearance of a garland.     

Effects of age and diet on the development of the pancreas and the synthesis and secretion of pancreatic enzymes in the young pig

Effects of age and diet composition on amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in the pancreas and intestinal contents, pancreas weights and body weights were determined from birth to 56 d. A total of 120 pigs, five to seven pigs/litter from 18 litters, were slaughtered at birth, 14, 27, 29, 31, 42 and 56 d. Litters were allotted to dietary treatments (corn-soy, A; corn-soy + 20% dried whey, B; corn-soy + 5% lard, C) and offered these diets as creep feed at 14 d. All pigs were weaned at 28 d, placed in elevated nursery pens and fed their respective diets. Total activities of amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin in the pancreas and small intestine increased (P less than .05) with age. Both trypsin and amylase activities, measured per kilogram body weight or gram pancreas weight, were low at 29 d in the intestine and increased to 56 d. Pigs on diet B had the highest level of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the intestinal contents (P less than .05). Trypsin activity in the pancreas (units/kg body weight) was lowest (P less than .05) for pigs on diet B and highest (P less than .05) for those on diet C (units/g pancreas and units/kg body weight). Amylase activity (units/kg body weight) was lower (P less than .05) in the pancreas for pigs on diet B than for those on diets A and C. Pigs on diet A had lower (P less than .01) intestinal amylase activities than those on diets B and C. Enzyme activities in the intestinal contents and pancreas were low following weaning. In the pancreas, activities decreased at 31 d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The behavior and the husbandry conditions of small laboratory animals--possibilities and limits of the evaluation of the appropriateness and fairness of the treatment of animals

Ethological studies are important means to evaluate the behaviour of small laboratory animals (mouse, rat, guinea-pig and rabbit) and their housing conditions. At any rate, the only sparse range of body expressions, the smallness and preference of night activity of these animals and the erratic occurrence of essential behaviour patterns make the investigations more difficult. On the other hand, the standardization of laboratory housing and the genetic definition of these animals turn out to be favourable. By this way, behaviour-environment-relationships are suitable for evaluation. Taking into consideration methodical and biological restrictions, the specific activities such as fight, relaxed resting behaviour and play as well as unbalanced behaviour patterns and stereotypes can be taken as means of evaluation. Particularly in mice and rabbits, upright position and space consuming activities will be possibly restricted by cage sizes.     

Relation between the concentration of sodium and potassium in the erythrocytes of dairy cows and the concentration of these elements in the plasma and urine and the level of blood glucose

Blood and urine samples of 180 dairy cows from 12 herds were examined. Sodium and potassium concentrations were determined in erythrocytes, whole blood, plasma, urine, and glucose concentration in blood: the interrelations were compared. Sodium and potassium concentrations in erythrocytes were 85.15 +/- 11.45 mmol/l, and 25.93 +/- 7.81 mmol/l, respectively. A statistically significant relation was found between sodium and potassium concentrations in erythrocytes (r = 0.3467+++) and the content of electrolyte in blood cells and in whole blood (Na: r = 0.5336+++; K: r = 0.3561+++). No statistically significant relation of intraerythrocyte concentration of both electrolytes was confirmed with respect to the other characteristics (sodium and potassium concentrations in plasma and urine, and glucose concentration in blood). In the conditions of routine laboratory diagnostics in clinically healthy cows, determinations of intraerythrocyte sodium and potassium do not broaden possibilities of evaluating the metabolic state of these electrolytes and cannot be used as the characteristics of energy insufficiency. The cannot replace the analyses performed in serum and urine.     

貉,蓝狐,银狐的胃及十二指肠内嗜银细胞形态分布的研究

本文应用Ｆｏｒｔａｎａ—Ｍａｓｓｏｎ嗜银颗粒染色法研究了貉、蓝狐、银狐的胃及十二指肠内嗜银细胞的形态分布。结果表明：三种动物胃幽门腺中，嗜根细胞数量最多，呈锥状，嗜银颗粒较粗，密度大、染成深黑色。在胃底及胃贲门腺区、嗜银细胞数量少。在十二指肠部嗜银细胞呈蝌蚪形，嗜银颗粒细，呈黑褐色，密度较小。嗜银细胞的分布密度在三种动物中具有一定的差别。     

Liquid flow and capacity of the caecum and colon of the horse

The rate of flow of fluid from the caecum and from the large colon was measured in four Shetland-type ponies fed a hay diet. In two ponies with cannulas in the caecum and at the origin of the right ventral colon, a continuous intracaecal infusion of a solution of chromium EDTA was used and samples were obtained from the cannula at the origin of the right ventral colon. Based on four determinations, the liquid flow from the caecum was 54.2 +/- 1.89 litres d-1. In the other two ponies with cannulas in the origin of the right ventral colon and near the end of the right dorsal colon, a continuous infusion of chromium EDTA was made into the right ventral colon and samples were obtained from the right dorsal colon. The flow rate towards the end of the dorsal colon was 49.4 +/- 1.25 litres d-1, based on four determinations. The capacities of the caecum and large colon after death were 7.0 +/- 0.8 and 17.7 +/- 3.7 litres, respectively.     

加强兽药研究开发提升行业科技创新水平

提升行业科技创新水平为主题,回顾和分析了我国新兽药研究开发的历程和研究现状及面临的形势,并围绕创新与发展的要求,提出了加强兽药研究开发的对策及建议。