大树移植技术和管理

大树是宝贵的资源,大树移植是一项技术性较强的工作。“大树引入城市”不仅可以使城市绿地起到锦上添花的作用,还可以最大限度地改善城市绿地生态效益。但要成功地移植大树,必须按照严格的技术要求操作及细致的管理,做到因地制宜和量力而行,切不可盲目追风,造成资源的严重浪费。     

大树移植及后期养护管理技术研究综述

以滨海新区塘沽车站广场绿地移植的大树为对象，对其栽植及后期近三年养护管理、该地区的立地条件和所移植大树施工技术进行了研究。对移植大树作了分类建档，从中分析移植大树的得与失，并采取相应后期养管措施，改善其生存条件；最大限度地保护移植树木提高存活率，发挥其生态效益；避免重大经济损失，为大树移植提供了成功实践方法。     

野生大树移植成活技术

随着现代化城市对景观环境要求的不断提高以及特别重要的景点和地段改建工程的普遍应用,提高景观生态效果,体现生态文明的作用,对野生珍贵的大树的需要量越来越多,对移植大树,保证成活的技术要求也越来越高,为了避免风景树因移栽死亡所造成的资源损失和财力的浪费,必须采取保险可行的技术措施,让大山里的风景树身价百倍地走出深山,发挥巨大的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。文章是根据多年移植大树的实践经验,总结出了一套成熟可行的技术措施和经验。     

进城大树成活率低的原因分析及对策研究

大树引入城市是改变城市生态环境、提高城市绿化绿地质量、生态效益和景观的有效途径。本文分析了进城大树成活率低的原因，提出了提高大树成活率的对策。     

浅谈大树带土球移植方法

随着城市园林化发展,大树带土球移栽,成为当前的一种快速让城市森林化的一种形式。但由于在移植过程中,种种原因,造成大树一定程度的死亡,让森林资源无形中受到损坏。文章就大树带土移植浅谈了移植方法。     

大树的移栽和养护管理技术

随着社会经济的发展以及城市建设水平的提高,大树被越来越多地应用于各类绿化中,绿化打破了季节限制,但是大树的再生能力较幼青年树明显减弱,难以成活,因此为了提高大树的成活率,大树的移植、养护和管护显得尤其重要。本文综述了大树的移植方法和过程,并对移植后大树的养护管理进行了详尽的分析。     

关于如何适用法律办理盗挖林木案件的探讨

近几年来为了满足城市景观的需要,让城市变得更漂亮,越来越多的大树＂被移进城＂。城市的发展给一些不法之徒带来了＂商机＂,即非法盗挖或移植大树。2011年4月2日央视《经济半小时》就播出《大树古树＂被＂下山》的一期节目。如果大树、古树继续这样被人为地破坏,我们人类的生存空间将会变得越来越狭窄。本文对移植大树、古树的行为暂且...     

勿将大树“农转非”

古树移植城市,尽管全国绿化委员会及国家林业局早已明文禁止,可近来在一些城市仍旧照移不误,大树＂农转非＂的势头不减。进城的这些大树、古树从哪里来？当然是从农村来,从山里林区来。现在好多地方把大树＂农转非＂,被移植到城市新建设的大道旁、休闲广场,甚至公园、居民住宅小区内。但我们是否认想过,大树＂农转非＂后,移植大树的地方将变成什么模样？正如有些市民形容的那样,就像把公园花坛里的花摘下插入自家花瓶的那种感觉。     

勿将大树“农转非”

<正>尽管全国绿化委员会和国家林业局早已明文禁止大树古树移植进城,可近年来,在一些城市中,大树"农转非"的势头依旧不减,甚至成为一种惯例。这种现象应该引起高度重视,更要反思。进城的这些大树古树从哪里来?当然是从农村来,从山里林区来。好多地方大树"农转非"后,被移植到城市新建的大道旁、休闲广场,甚至公园绿地、宾馆酒店和居民住宅小区内,绿化美化城市环境。但我们是否认真想过,     

关于如何适用法律办理盗挖林木案件的探讨

近几年来为了满足城市景观的需要,让城市变得更漂亮,越来越多的大树＂被移进城＂。城市的发展给一些不法之徒带来了＂商机＂,即非法盗挖或移植大树。2011年4月2日央视《经济半小时》就播出《大树古树＂被＂下山》的一期节目。如果大树、古树继续这样被人为地破坏,我们人类的生存空间将会变得越来越狭窄。本文对移植大树、古树的行为暂且不论,在此,笔者仅结合实际对如何合理适用法律办理盗挖林木案件作一探讨。希望能抛砖引玉,给大家带来一些启发。观点如有不妥之处,希望赐教。     

Changes in shoot allometry with increasing tree height in a tropical canopy species,Elateriospermum tapos

Allometry of shoot extension units (hereafter termed "current shoots") was analyzed in a Malaysian canopy species, Elateriospermum tapos Bl. (Euphorbiaceae). Changes in current shoot allometry with increasing tree height were related to growth and maintenance of tree crowns. Total biomass, biomass allocation ratio of non-photosynthetic to photosynthetic organs, and wood density of current shoots were unrelated to tree height. However, shoot structure changed with tree height. Compared with short trees, tall trees produced current shoots of the same mass but with thicker and shorter stems. Current shoots with thin and long stems enhanced height growth in short trees, whereas in tall trees, thick and short current shoots may reduce mechanical and hydraulic stresses. Furthermore, compared with short trees, tall trees produced current shoots with more leaves of lower dry mass, smaller area, and smaller specific leaf area (SLA). Short trees adapted to low light flux density by reducing mutual shading with large leaves having a large SLA. In contrast, tall trees reduced mutual shading within a shoot by producing more small leaves in distal than in proximal parts of the shoot stem. The production of a large number of small leaves promoted light penetration into the dense crowns of tall trees. All of these characteristics suggest that the change in current shoot structure with increasing tree height is adaptive in E. tapos, enabling short trees to maximize height growth and tall trees to maximize light capture.     

江门市主要绿化植物的绿色指数

绿化植物是城市绿地实现生态效益及美学价值的核心元素。文章将SPAD叶绿素仪测定相对叶绿素含量的方法应用于城市园林绿化研究,以期为城市绿化植物的绿色定量评价研究提供参考。研究表明,不同绿化植物的SPAD值存在显著差异,除蒲葵、高山榕外,各物种SPAD值变化趋势与胸径、株高变化趋势一致。除蒲葵与白蝴蝶外,其余物种植株胸径与叶片SPAD值间存在显著正相关,叶片SPAD值随植株胸径增加而增大。高大乔木物种道路旁植株SPAD值高于公园植株;对于林下植物,结果则相反,表现为公园中植株高于道路旁。植物的SPAD值对植物生长状况及生长环境均有良好的表征,在城市园林绿化研究中有良好的应用前景。     

高枝修剪机剪枝运动学和动力学分析

高枝修剪机在修剪过程中锯切力大小不断变化,圆锯片、齿轮副及操作杆承受的作用力和力矩也随之变化,这些因素都会影响修剪杌工作的稳定性.通过对高枝修剪机在工作过程中的运动学和动力学分析,建立相关修枝动力学模型,确定影响锯切平衡的主要因素,为高枝修剪机的结构优化设计提供理论依据.     

Extent of vegetation-free zone necessary for silvopasture establishment of eastern black walnut seedlings in tall fescue

Silvopasture—the integration of trees, forage, and livestock can be established by planting trees in existing pastures. Successful tree establishment and acceptable tree growth in existing tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] pastures requires a vegetation-free zone near the tree base. This study was conducted to determine how large a vegetation-free zone was necessary for the establishment of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) in tall fescue pastures. Half-sib black walnut seeds were planted in seven different-sized vegetation-free zones [0.0 (control), 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, and 1.8 m radii] that were created and maintained by applying glyphosate. The study included two consecutive planting years at two locations, one in central Missouri and another in north-central Missouri. The central Missouri site was underlain with well drained, deep soil while the other site was underlain with a poorly drained soil with a defined argillic horizon. Tree height growth was greatest in 0.9-m or larger vegetation-free zones. Diameter growth was greatest in 1.2-m vegetation-free zones and larger. The results suggest that a minimum of a 1.2-m vegetation-free zone in tall fescue pastures should be used to maximize black walnut height and diameter growth in the critical first years of tree establishment.     

沙地引种美国皂角播种育苗试验

美国皂角是一种高大的乔木，在美国原产地分布广泛，该树种耐寒、抗旱、耐盐碱，可应用于防护林、用材林和园林绿化。该树种引入到科尔沁沙地后，成功地进行播种和育苗，且苗期综合表现优于当地日本皂角。     

Effects of management, environment and landscape conditions on establishment of hardwood seedlings and saplings in central Japanese coniferous plantations

There is an increasing need to restore natural hardwood forests in landscapes dominated by monocultural conifer plantations. A convenient restoration approach is to exploit natural regeneration processes. Natural regeneration, however, is affected by diverse interacting factors, for which better understanding is required, in order to optimize restoration programs. To identify optimal management practices for improving natural regeneration of hardwood trees in coniferous plantations, we examined the effects of multiple factors on the abundance of seedlings, small saplings and large saplings (height <0.3, 0.3-1.3 and ?1.3 m, respectively) of hardwood tree and shrub species in both line thinned (LT) and unthinned (UT) plantations of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) and hardwood forests (HF) in central Japan. The effects of management practices (number of the times of weeding and cleaning, thinning method, years after thinning and forest age), environment (slope position, slope angle and canopy openness), and landscape conditions (distance from nearest hardwood forest, altitude and landuse before planting) on the number of hardwood individuals were examined by using the data obtained from the LT plantations. We also compared hardwood density between LT and UT plantations to examine the effect of line thinning. Finally, we examined species composition of LT plantations and HF to identify hardwood forest components in the thinned plantations. The effects on hardwood regeneration of environmental conditions, landscape factors and management practices applied in the plantations varied, depending on the size class and life form of the regenerating species. The abundance of large saplings of tall tree species was affected by several management factors, especially number of the times of weeding. Landscape conditions (distance from the nearest hardwood forest and altitude) affected the abundance of small saplings and seedlings of tall tree species, but not the other classes. Seedlings and small saplings of many tall tree species that contribute to hardwood forest canopies were less abundant in the LT plantations. The results show that numerous factors affect the establishment and abundance of naturally regenerating hardwood tree species, and suggest that successful establishment during early plantation stages can have long-lasting effects on natural regeneration of tall tree species.     

Effects of leaf age and tree size on stomatal and mesophyll limitations to photosynthesis in mountain beech (Nothofagus solandrii var. cliffortiodes)

Mesophyll conductance, g(m), was estimated from measurements of stomatal conductance to carbon dioxide transfer, g(s), photosynthesis, A, and chlorophyll fluorescence for Year 0 (current-year) and Year 1 (1-year-old) fully sunlit leaves from short (2 m tall, 10-year-old) and tall (15 m tall, 120-year-old) Nothofagus solandrii var. cliffortiodes trees growing in adjacent stands. Rates of photosynthesis at saturating irradiance and ambient CO(2) partial pressure, A(satQ), were 25% lower and maximum rates of carboxylation, V(cmax), were 44% lower in Year 1 leaves compared with Year 0 leaves across both tree sizes. Although g(s) and g(m) were not significantly different between Year 0 and Year 1 leaves and g(s) was not significantly different between tree heights, g(m) was significantly (19%) lower for leaves on tall trees compared with leaves on short trees. Overall, V(cmax) was 60% higher when expressed on the basis of CO(2) partial pressure at the chloroplasts, C(c), compared with V(cmax) on the basis of intercellular CO(2) partial pressure, C(i), but this varied with leaf age and tree size. To interpret the relative stomatal and mesophyll limitations to photosynthesis, we used a model of carbon isotopic composition for whole leaves incorporating g(m) effects to generate a surface of 'operating values' of A over the growing season for all leaf classes. Our analysis showed that A was slightly higher for leaves on short compared with tall trees, but lower g(m) apparently reduced actual A substantially compared with A(satQ). Our findings showed that lower rates of photosynthesis in Year 1 leaves compared with Year 0 leaves were attributable more to increased biochemical limitation to photosynthesis in Year 1 leaves than differences in g(m). However, lower A in leaves on tall trees compared with those on short trees could be attributed in part to lower g(m) and higher stomatal, L(s), and mesophyll, L(m), limitations to photosynthesis, consistent with steeper hydraulic gradients in tall trees.     

银杏的绿化功能研究

银杏是具有多种用途的经济林树种,除果仁、叶子的食用、药用外,银杏的树姿、树形、叶花均具有较好的观赏价值,并含有杀菌杀虫的化学成份。本文研究了银杏树绿化功能;有净化空气,美化环境的作用。在园林绿化和植物造景方面,银杏是重要的园林树种。     

Reliance on stored water increases with tree size in three species in the Pacific Northwest

In tall old forests, limitations to water transport may limit maximum tree height and reduce photosynthesis and carbon sequestration. We evaluated the degree to which tall trees could potentially compensate for hydraulic limitations to water transport by increased use of water stored in xylem. Using sap flux measurements in three tree species of the Pacific Northwest, we showed that reliance on stored water increases with tree size and estimated that use of stored water increases photosynthesis. For Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), water stored in xylem accounted for 20 to 25% of total daily water use in 60-m trees, whereas stored water comprised 7% of daily water use in 15-m trees. For Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook.), water stored in xylem accounted for 10 to 23% of total daily water use in 25-m trees, whereas stored water comprised 9 to 13% of daily water use in 10-m trees. For ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.), water stored in xylem accounted for 4 to 20% of total daily water use in 36-m trees, whereas stored water comprised 2 to 4% of daily water use in 12-m trees. In 60-m Douglas-fir trees, we estimated that use of stored water supported 18% more photosynthesis on a daily basis than would occur if no stored water were used, whereas 15-m Douglas-fir trees gained 10% greater daily photosynthesis from use of stored water. We conclude that water storage plays a significant role in the water and carbon economy of tall trees and old forests.     

应用矮树虫口调查估计马尾松毛虫种群密度的研究*

应用矮树虫口调查估计马尾松毛虫种群密度的研究毛超旭，王武昂，汤荣堂，严小君，周国法关键词马尾松毛虫，种群密度，树冠投影马尾松毛虫幼虫的调查一般均在２～３ｍ高的小树上直接进行。前人曾研究了松毛虫种群数量与马尾松树高、树冠大小之间的关系，并提出若以单位面...