我国初步建成生物农药研发体系

我国已初步建立了新型生物农药研发技术体系——以‘863计划’现代农业研究、提高植物自身抗病虫免疫能力和杀伤有害生物为目标,研究构建了具有自主知识产权的生物农药创制平台,开发新技术、新工艺20余项,包括新型生物农药活性物质分离和鉴定技术、安全性评价技术、新型生物农药发酵工艺和规模化生产工艺、杀虫防病相关功能基因克隆、新型生物农药产品剂型、复配工艺和新剂型稳定化技术、生物农药增效剂研制与产业化技术等。     

现代农业应广泛使用生物农药

通过对生物农药的制备方法、作用机制、生产等方面的论述,并将传统农药与生物农药进行对比,阐述了生物农药对人畜环境、生态系统、现代农业都起到了促进的作用,且生物农药具有传统农药无法替代的优势。生物农药在现代农业中已成功应用研究,这说明生物农药的生产与应用已成为全球农业发展的新趋势,对现代农业发展起到巨大的推动作用。     

生物农药的发展现状与趋势分析

本文总结了国内外生物农药产业发展的现状和特点,对生物农药产业发展的基础与产业发展情况进行了分析;总结了我国生物农药发展现状以及相关政策;分析了我国生物农药产业竞争的结构特征和产业演变趋势,探讨了我国生物农药产业面临的瓶颈问题及相应的解决办法;针对当前生物农药产业的发展趋势,阐明了生物农药产品市场前景和生物农药产业将成为国内外农业快速发展的新型产业。     

现代生物农药的研究与应用

从现代生物农药的概念、基因工程与现代生物农药、生物农药所面临的问题以及现代生物农药的发展前景四个方面对现代生物农药的研究与应用做了综合评述。     

我国生物农药的推广应用现状及发展策略

我国生物农药的应用具有良好的基础,在20世纪80年代至90年代曾得到迅速发展.21世纪以来,我国生物农药的应用发展缓慢甚至停滞不前.在我国农作物病虫害防治中,生物防治占防治总面积的8%左右,其中88%为生物农药,12%为人工释放天敌昆虫和昆虫信息素诱杀,而生物农药品种中,杀虫剂占1/3,杀菌剂占2/3.制约我国生物农药推广应用的主要因素,除生物农药自身覆盖的靶标对象少、防效受环境因子影响大等因素外,缺乏激励政策、药效评价标准单一、重基础研究轻应用开发也影响了我国生物农药的发展.近年来,"公共植保,绿色植保"理念的提出和实践,为生物农药的发展提供了平台和手段,通过政府制定鼓励政策、对农民应用生物农药给予补贴、设立生物农药及生物防治技术示范推广项目等途径,可以在政策和技术层面上切实促进生物农药的推广和应用;同时,需要加大农民技术培训力度,不仅为农民提供优质高效的生物农药品种,还要使农民掌握生物农药的应用技术.     

生物农药科学使用技术

为了科学有效地使用生物农药防治植物病虫害,本文介绍了生物农药的主要种类、特点、科学使用技术,为生物农药的实际应用提供参考。     

生物农药及其发展思路的探讨

讨论了生物农药的发展阶段、概念、特点和种类,分析了我国生物农药开发、应用过程中存在的问题,并提出了加大生物农药研发力度解决这些问题的措施。     

我国生物农药登记品种清单式管理初探

近年来我国生物农药新品种层出不穷,登记热度持续上升,登记管理不断规范。本文探讨了对我国生物农药登记品种采取清单式管理,提出生物农药登记品种清单的范围和建立原则,梳理形成了我国生物农药登记品种清单,提出了完善生物农药登记品种清单式管理的意见建议。     

转基因植物农药的毒理学评价

本文从现有农药分类入手,介绍了生物农药的一般概念,特别是植物农药（Plant-Incorporated-Protectants,PIPs）的概念及其安全性评价原则。并以B.t10转基因玉米为例,详细解析了PIPs农药毒理学安全性评价的靶标——蛋白及相关遗传物质如蛋白编码基因、标志基因、报告基因;一般资料要求,如毒性、致敏性、抗药性和非预期效应;评价原则和决策依据,为今后评价此类农药奠定基础。     

《生物农药科学使用指南》

正吴文君,高希武,张帅主编该书在简述生物农药基本概念与基本特点的基础上,详细介绍了各大类型生物农药如植物源农药、微生物源农药、昆虫信息素、微生物农药、天敌昆虫以及植物农药等内容;另外,介绍了生物农药的制剂加工与应用技术、生物农药的登记管理等;重点介绍了欧美及我国对生物农药登记的具体资料要求。在介绍我国开发、生产的生物农药品种的同时,也介绍了国外曾经或正在生产、研究的品种,以供开发与设计新农药时参考。     

香蕉叶斑病的药剂防治研究

通过室内筛选和田间试验,得到防治香蕉叶斑病的3种化学药剂组合和1种生物农药组合。复配药剂12.5%腈菌唑乳油+45%咪鲜胺水乳剂、40%氟硅唑乳油+45%咪鲜胺水乳剂和12.5%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂+12.5%腈菌唑乳油2年的田间防效均在71.6%～75.7%,显著高于1%中生菌素水剂+4%枯草芽胞杆菌水剂的防效。     

Biopesticides — harmonization of registration requirements within EU Directive 91/414 — an industry view1

A range of biopesticides (including, as active substances, bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes, protozoa and beneficial insects) is now commercially available for control of insect pests, fungal and bacterial diseases and weeds. The term biopesticide can include pheromones, insect and plant growth regulators, plant extracts, transgenic plants and macroorganisms as well as microorganisms. However, world biopesticide sales in 1990 were estimated to be 120 million USD, representing less than 0.5% of the world's agrochemical market. Out of this, approximately 90% of the biopesticide sales are represented by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis for the control of insect pests. Nevertheless, biopesticide sales are estimated to be increasing at 10–25% per annum and sales by the year 2000 are estimated to reach 1000 million USD. This paper looks at the current commercial status and the constraints that are facing industry concerning changing registration, particularly in Europe, the absence of harmonized data requirements, and the increasing costs and delays in registrations that deter the development of new biopesticides.     

美国EPA登记的生物农药有效成分名录

本文列出了截止2009年4月1日。美国环保局农药项目办公室公布登记的319种生物农药有效成分名单。     

Differences in the progress of the biopesticide revolution between the EU and other major crop‐growing regions

The five‐year value in the compound annual growth rate of the biopesticides sector is predicted to be 16% by 2017 and to produce a global market worth $US 10 billion. Despite this, several impediments occur within the EU that negatively affect biopesticide research and innovation. At present, there are fewer biopesticide‐active substances registered in the EU compared with the United States, India, Brazil and China. The relatively low level of biopesticide research in the EU (6880 ISI papers) versus the United States (18 839), India (9501) and China (7875) relates to the greater complexity of EU‐based biopesticide regulations compared with these other countries. In this light, it is worth noting that tensions may exist between regulators that emphasise the beneficial nature of biopesticides in environmentally friendly crop management and those that adopt a more technologically based approach dependent on a chemical‐pesticide‐driven model. Compared with the other aforementioned countries, far fewer biopesticide products are available in the EU market, mainly as a direct result of the severe regulatory factors present there. The extent to which this trend will continue depends largely on a range of interacting political and/or regulatory decisions that influence environmentally friendly agricultural industries. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

生防微生物生物技术研究与发展

简要综述了用作生物农药的苏云金芽孢杆菌、昆虫杆状病毒、昆虫真菌、新型病害生防制剂 - Harpin和农用抗生素产生菌生物技术研究的最新进展 ,并提出了加快新一代生物农药研究开发的建议。     

生物农药在我国小麦病虫害防治中的登记情况、研究现状及发展建议

本文对我国当前小麦病虫害防治药剂中的生物农药登记情况进行了总结,综述了未登记品种在小麦上的研究现状,并提出发展建议。     

Potential of biopesticides in agriculture

All living organisms are subject to predation, parasitism or competition from other organisms. The study of these interactions has led to the identification of many potential opportunities for the use of living organisms as biopesticides to protect agricultural crops against insect pests, fungal, bacterial and viral diseases, weeds, nematodes and mollusc pests. A range of biopesticide products (including as active agents bacteria, fungi, nematodes, protozoa, viruses and beneficial insects) are now available commercially for control of insect pests, fungal and bacterial diseases and weeds. However, world biopesticide sales in 1990 were estimated to be $120 million, representing less than 0–5% of the world agrochemical market. Over 90% of biopesticide sales are represented by a single product type, containing Bacillus thuringiensis Berl., for control of insect pests. Nevertheless, biopesticide sales are estimated to be increasing at 10–25% per annum whilst the world agrochemical market is static or even shrinking. There has been a significant renewal of commercial interest in biopesticides as evidenced by the substantial number of alliances forged between major agrochemical companies and biotechnology companies which allow these major companies access to marketing rights to novel biopesticides. This paper reviews the current commercial status of biopesticides and discusses the technical and commercial constraints which have impeded development of biopesticides in the past. Novel developments in R&D, which may enable some of these constraints to be overcome, are examined by reference to a number of specific examples (some of which arise from the author's own experience in a biotechnology company). The future prospects for biopesticides are discussed in the light of technical advances and commercial and regulatory requirements.     

浅议生物农药取代化学农药

近年来，“生物农药”已经有了发展，但也存在一些问题，把活性成分为化学物质的植物农药，抗生素农药等视为“生物农药”，从实用角度看，似为不妥；泛透“生物农药”安全，无公害的，科学依据不足；世界环发大会（1992）提出，到2000年，“生物农药”用量要占农药60%的口号已化为泡影，因为它的依据不足，仅为一个政治号召。     

试谈生物农药的定义和范畴

本文讨论了生物农药的定义和范畴，并展望了生物农药的发展前景，提出了我国发展生物农药的方向和侧重点。