食用仙人掌在贵州省罗甸的表现及栽培技术

“米邦塔”食用仙人掌是我国近年来从墨西哥引进的仙人掌类新品种,既能食用,又有较高的观赏价值。由于受环境条件的限制,其在我国各地栽培的表现差异较大。贵州省柑桔科学研究所于1999年从海南引进“米邦塔”食用仙人掌种片,进行露地栽培,试验结果表明,米邦塔仙人掌在贵州省低热河谷地区长势良好,能安全越冬。现将其栽培技术介绍如下。1 试验园的基本情况 贵州省柑桔科学研究所地处贵州南亚热带罗甸县境内,试验地点年均温19.6℃,1月均温10℃,≥10℃有效积温为5700～6700℃,无霜期340 d以上。试验园面积0.33 hm~2,沙质壤土。采用露地栽     

早露蟠桃冷棚密植丰产栽培技术

为了优化和调整农业产业结构,增加职工收入,2004年新疆生产建设兵团农二师27团从奎屯果树研究所引进蟠桃品种早露蟠桃,并进行冷棚栽培。通过冷棚栽培不但可以实现促成栽培,还可以解决树体在新疆焉耆盆地安全越冬问题,可为气候条件相似的北方地区桃树栽培提供借鉴,现将其冷棚栽培技术措施总结如下。1试验园基本情况试验在新疆焉耆盆地农二师27团林业站蟠桃园进行,试验区海拔1049～1056m,属于典型的中温带干旱荒漠气候,年平均气温8.2℃,1月平均气温-12.3～-11.7℃,7月平均气温22.5～24.0℃,≥10℃年有效积温3415.4～3694℃,年平均日照时数3182…     

黄水仙

[1月]去年8月促成栽培的盆栽黄水仙已开花。放在阳光充足的窗台,午间移至半阴处,室温5℃～10℃,可延长观花期。花期减少浇水,花后摘除残花,施1次磷、钾肥,促使鳞茎充实。[2月]去年9月促成栽培的盆栽黄水仙相继开花。日常管理同1月。露地栽植的黄水仙开始萌芽,土壤保持湿润,防止土壤干裂,需及时补水。     

影响食用菊花产量的几个因素研究

食用菊花是菊花中一个花器无苦涩味而味甘芳香的栽培种，别名食菊、甘菊，学名Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram．,为菊科茼蒿属多年生宿根草本植物。性味甘、凉，具有疏风、清热解毒、明目等功效。可治头痛、眩晕、目赤、心胸烦热、疔疮、肿毒等。随着生活水平的不断提高，人们的保健意识不断增强，食用花卉产业的发展前景十分广阔。为此，我们特引进了日本夏菊在本所试验园进行栽培试验．以探索出一套食用菊花高产栽培技术．为食用菊花的推广提供一定的技术基础。     

胡萝卜丰产栽培技术

胡萝卜为半寒性蔬菜,属于伞形科.发芽适宜温度为20～25℃,从播种到发芽一般10～15 d;生长适宜温度为白天18～23℃,夜间13～18℃;肉质根膨大的适宜温度为18～25℃.其栽培技术简述如下.     

切花夏菊促成栽培技术研究

以夏菊品种夏黄为材料在日光温室内对切花夏菊的促成栽培技术进行了研究,经过适当 的种苗准备、采穗时间、插穗冷藏等处理以后,夏黄的始花期可提前到１月上旬。叶面喷施乙烯利１０００mg/Ｌ以后组侏形成脚芽的数量多于传统的施肥埋土处理。乙烯利处理后侧芽表现为莲座状生长,而脚芽生长正常,但量以脚 和侧芽为插穗进行促成栽培时,脚芽开花较晚,表现出更旺盛的营养生长特性。扦插、定植日期较早时开花较早。插穗冷藏后,从定     

大棚番茄早熟促成栽培技术

采用早熟促成栽培番茄可以提早上市1～2个月.其主要栽培技术如下: 1品种选择,提前播种 选择早熟、有限生长类型的品种.11月上旬播种,温汤浸种5～6小时,在25～28℃的温箱中催芽,3～4天即可出芽,直接播种于营养钵中(以防移栽时伤根),宜用蛭石、石英砂等无土基质,可以防止土传病虫害.     

野生蔬菜马兰人工栽培技术

马兰为菊科马兰属多年生草本植物,别名鸡儿肠、马兰头、路边菊,以嫩茎叶供食用,是一种备受青睐的野生蔬菜.植株高30～60 cm,茎直立;叶互生,质薄,倒披针形或倒卵状披针形,长5～10 cm,宽1～4 cm,顶端钝或尖,边缘疏粗或羽状浅裂,无叶柄,全缘;头状花序,瘦果倒卵长圆形,花果期6～10个月;喜冷凉湿润气候,种子发芽适宜温度20～25 ℃,生长适温15～21 ℃,在降水1 000～1 200 mm地区生长良好;适应性强,耐热、耐寒、耐旱、耐瘠薄,但以肥沃湿润的壤土为好.具体的人工栽培技术如下:     

杏树温室丰产栽培技术

为了探讨杏树在温室内连续丰产栽培技术,我们于2001-2004年在南票区九龙街道潘庆利果园,连山区金星镇新庄子村裴德果园,兴城市曹庄子镇八斗村果园进行了本项试验,取得了很好的效果,现将栽培技术总结如下. 1试验概况 三处试验温室分别处于葫芦岛市的东、北、南三个方位,很有代表性.年平均气温为8.2～9.2℃,1月份平均气温-8.0～-9.8℃,极端温度分别为-27.4℃和40.1℃,年降水量560～630 mm,无霜期175 d,≥10℃积温3 861.2℃,年日照时数2 692～2 842h.土层深厚,有机质含量0.93%,pH值为6.5～7.4,排灌水良好.三处试验温室于2001年4月6日栽植,主栽品种为凯特杏、金太阳杏,二者互为授粉树;仅南票区试验温室搭配几株意大利1号杏.每栋温室栽150～180株,栽植的苗木为盆栽2年生大苗,砧木为山桃.     

西洋杜鹃栽培月事活动

1至2月 气候特点：8．5℃～10．4℃,1月平均8．5℃。2月平均10．4℃;1月中旬至下旬会出现霜冻,有时还会结冰。栽培技术：①定时喷施KH2PO4促花,直至初花时结束;②棚温低于8℃的阴冷天气时。应在大棚里加一小拱棚;降温太低时,采用电热器(尤其在夜间22时至凌晨3时)加热,或定距离置放生石灰;     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.