湿地公园建设中的景观设计研究

湿地公园已成为国家湿地保护体系的重要组成部分,但在其快速建设的过程中也出现了一些景观设计方面的问题。笔者通过分析当前国内湿地公园建设中景观设计方面的不足,明确湿地公园景观的含义和设计目标,指出湿地公园景观由水体景观、生物景观和文化景观构成,提出湿地公园景观设计应遵循生态学、以人为本和美学原则,探讨湿地体验区、湿地功能展示区以及湿地公园服务设施景观设计的内容和方法,以期对今后湿地公园景观设计有一定参考价值。     

北京市湿地公园发展规划研究

目前,北京市湿地公园的建设已经受到北京市政府和社会各界的高度重视,北京市湿地公园的建设正在蓬勃发展,但已建立的湿地公园缺少一定的湿地理念和地域特色,其规划与建设缺乏科学指导,仍不能满足人们对丰富的物质文化生活的需求,也远远滞后于北京市城市建设和社会经济的发展。因此,全面规划,统筹布局,大力发展不同层次、不同级别的湿地公园,已迫在眉睫。为了使北京市湿地公园建设有序、健康地发展,笔者对北京市湿地公园发展规划的指导思想与基本原则与目标、北京市湿地公园的总体布局、北京市湿地公园的分期规划等方面进行探讨,最后提出北京市湿地公园的保障措施。     

城市公园的使用功能研究——以石家庄市长安公园、水上公园为例

城市公园是城市中环境最优美的游憩空间,具有满足人们多种休闲活动得需要。从市民对城市公园使用的角度,对石家庄市城市公园的使用功能进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,要充分发挥城市公园的使用功能必须增加城市公园的文化内涵,丰富活动内容;营造多种活动空间,同时强调公园的功能分区;完善城市公园环境设施,加强城市公园的安全性建设。     

开放式公园管理问题及对策的研究——以柳州市为例

公园免费开放后,新问题、新矛盾接踵而至。选择柳州市自2007年6月1日起陆续改造或新建的有特色代表性强的4个公园,即柳候公园、江滨公园、龙潭公园、雀儿山公园进行调查与研究,发现开放式公园管理中目前存在资金短缺、绿地和公共设施遭破坏、管理难度明显加大、安全隐患增加、公共服务设施及活动空间不足等问题,提出实行收支两线及财政全额拨款的体制、加大政府投资力度、强化环境宣传教育、引进市场经济运作方式、建立精干高效的专业管理者队伍、制定和完善与公园经营相关的制度、重视公园的社会治安和综合治理等有利于开放式公园可持续发展的管理对策,从而使开放式公园的社会、经济、环境三大效益取得协调发展。     

Ecological Landscape Design of Urban Wetland Park: A Case Study of the Aixi Lake Wetland Park in Nanchang City

Wetland as one of the natural landscapes with the richest biodiversity and most closely related to our life is widely distributed all around the world, and capable of storing fl ood, preventing drought, purifying environment, adjusting climate, controlling pollution, maintaining regional ecological balance. Nanchang is famous for "City in the Lake and Lake in the City", and this paper begins with wetland resources in Nanchang City, analyzes problems of local wetlands. Taking the design of the Aixi Lake Wetland Park for example, this paper proposes suggestions for the renovation and improvement by analyzing the problems of its current landscape pattern, and specifi c problems in the landscape design of wetland park, and summarizes the ecological model fi t for the landscape design of urban wetland park in Nanchang City. The research contributes to the ecological restoration and conservation of wetland resources in Nanchang.     

Study on the Landscape Construction of the Urban Wetland Parks

Through the examples of urban wetland parks construction at home and abroad, the importance of urban wetland parks is expounded in this paper, and the special landscape characteristics of the urban wetland parks accepted by the public and the urban constructor are analyzed, including the natural, ecological and economical characteristics. The natural characteristics include rich and multiple landscapes, biological diversity, remarkable ecological benefits and comprehensive functions. The social characteristics include clear recreational character, rich historical culture connotations and prominent education functions. Then, aiming at the facts existed in the landscape construction of the urban wetland parks in our country, including neglect of the characters and conditions of the region, formalized landscape design, urbanized recreational activities, neglect of other living things, species invasion and neglect of the educational functions in landscape construction and so on. It proposes that the landscape construction of urban wetland parks should follow the important principles as to protect strictly and restore the biology diversity, control the human disturbance, the construction should be based on ecology theories as the instruction, the recreational activities should have their themes and the architecture construction should be natural and ecological and so on. Finally, the thesis discusses the landscape construction concept design and the landscape district construction in the urban wetland parks. It hopes that it can give some promotions to the landscape construction of urban wetland parks through this research.     

苏州城市公园景观的温湿效应研究

为研究苏州城市公园内不同景观类型的温湿效应,选取苏州市区苏州公园、桐泾公园、白塘生态植物园、苏州中国花卉植物园等4个公园内乔草密林、乔灌草混合林、乔草疏林、草坪、园内广场等5种景观类型作为研究对象,公园外道路作为对照。利用手持式温湿度仪测定不同类型样地1.5 m高度的空气温湿度。研究结果表明:(1)和园外道路、园内广场相比,有植被景观类型在不同季节均具有降温增湿效果;(2)不同景观类型中,乔草密林的降温增湿效果最好;(3)在夏季,公园的平均温度、湿度和园外道路相比,有极显著、显著差异;(4)在夏季,公园整体的降温增湿效果和公园面积、水体面积占比没有明显的相关性。这些结果可以给公园规划建设、市民出行游玩提供一定参考。     

农业园区中农业面源污染防治策略初探

在乡村振兴大背景下,农业园区发展迅速,作为发展现代农业的基本载体和有效途径,在传统农业升级调整过程中发挥着越来越重要的作用,而在园区实际建设与发展中,农业面源污染问题日益显露。因此,应积极探索形成农业园区产业相互融合、物质多级循环的产业结构和生态布局,加快推进农业面源污染综合治理。本研究总结了农业园区农业面源污染现状及存在问题,从园区规划、政策、经营、资金和技术等方面分析其产生的主要成因,提出了规划先行综合治理的农业面源污染防治策略,在科学合理地编制农业园区规划的同时,完善农业面源污染防治的政策体系、加强农业服务管理体系建设、重视资金可持续投入,以期为防治农业园区面源污染作参考。     

Construction of a Comprehensive Soundscape Evaluation System in Forest Parks Based on Grey Statistical Theory

Based on collection and arrangement of evaluation indicators of soundscape in a forest park,24 primary evaluation indicators are chosen by grey statistical theory.The results show that there are 5 main factors influencing soundscape in a forest park,including water soundscape,wind soundscape,animal soundscape,recreation soundscape,and artificial soundscape,which contain 13 evaluation indicators.Among these factors,natural sound elements account for 84.6%.Thus a comprehensive evaluation indicator system of soundscape(including natural and unnatural soundscape) in a forest park is constructed by the selected evaluation indicators,and it is expected to provide a reference for scientific and systematic construction and development of forest parks in future.     

Study on Planting Design of Yingfeng Lake National Wetland Park of Chongqing

Plant furnishing and landscape construction in wetland parks show particular properties. Plant resources in Yingfeng Lake National Wetland Park were investigated, plant furnishing patterns and landscape construction in different subareas of the park were explored and analyzed to provide a scientific and reasonable mode for the plant community construction and landscape design of wetland parks in Chongqing City.     

基于G2SFCA的兰州主城区公园绿地可达性分析

为了探究兰州市主城区公园绿地分布格局的合理性，本研究借助ArcGIS 平台，采用格网化的高斯两步移动搜索法，分别从供给点和需求点2 个角度对兰州市主城区公园绿地可达性进行分析。结果表明：兰州市主城区公园绿地数量不足且面积较小，空间分布非常不均匀，大部分集中于城关区的黄河两岸，而七里河区、安宁区沙井驿街道、西固区柳泉乡和西柳沟街道、城关区东岗街道公园绿地匮乏。总体来看，当搜索阈值为30 min 时，公园绿地的服务面积可覆盖大部分街道，但15 min 可达性整体较差。分析人口密度与可达性之间的关系发现，多数居民居住于可达性较低的街道，公园绿地的服务总量与人口密度不协调     

Study on Ecological Development of Urban Parks

Research background,significance,characteristics and planning methods of the ecological development of urban parks were elaborated.This paper took green space planning of Xishan Park in Qianxi City for example,explored the application of ecological development theories in green space planning of urban park.     

城市文化主题公园景观设计探析

城市文化主题公园的建设是诠释城市文化形象、地域特色、生态环境的重要途径。简述城市文化主题公园建设意义,总结了城市文化主题公园景观设计原则与特性,并结合宝鸡市周礼文化主题公园景观营造的实例进行梳理和分析,探讨文化内涵和公园本体景观营造在文化主题公园中的灵魂和核心地位,对中国中小城市主题公园开发、特色建设以及可持续发展提供创新思路,对其文化主题公园文化表达及景观营造具有理论价值和现实作用。     

Green Infrastructure and Its Inspiration for Urban Green Space System in China

Currently, urban Green Space Systems in China show fragile ecological conditions, the overseas Green Infrastructure is a new idea to construct urban green ecological spaces. Typical Green Infrastructure construction cases in the U. K., such as London greenbelt, park system, green corridor, green chain and Green Grid were studied to analyze problems of China urban Green Space System planning, construction, and management, so as to propose suggestions for improving ecological functions of the urban Green Space System.     

健康视阈下城市公园绿地休闲游憩适宜性评价——以杭州城北体育公园为例

在综合分析城市公园绿地健康促进效应和相关评价模型研究的基础上，对健康视阈下的城市公园绿地休闲游憩适宜性评价指标体系及评价模型构建进行探索。（1）在综合运用文献分析法和专家咨询法的基础上，构建城市公园绿地健康休闲游憩适宜性评价指标体系，共包括6个准则层、15个要素层和和40个指标因子。（2）采用层次分析法、熵值法确定评价指标体系中各指标的权重，准则层中健康功效感知(0.2663)和大众审美(0.2470)列前2位；要素层中排名靠前的评价指标为生理健康(0.1332)、植物景观(0.0988)、空气质量(0.0926)和游憩空间(0.0871)。（3）借助场地使用者问卷调查评分，对杭州城北体育公园绿地的健康休闲游憩适宜性进行实证评价，评价整体得分为4.1996，属于优良水平，但水体景观、基础服务设施等存在问题。针对评价结果，提出了5个方面的优化发展策略。     

防灾公园的安全性评价——以碧沙岗公园为例

防灾公园是城市防灾体系的重要组成部分,防灾公园自身的安全性对保障灾民生命安全、避免二次伤害具有重要意义。笔者通过对郑州市碧沙岗公园的安全性评价,总结出碧沙岗公园主要存在应急疏散能力差、应急设施规模和类别不完善、防火隔离带薄弱等问题,建议构建层级结构合理的防灾公园体系,在交通、信息、通讯等方面形成联动机制,提高郑州市避险抗灾的能力。     

园艺疗法在城市园林景观中的应用研究

研究旨在将园艺疗法和景观园林结合,借助植物和外界环境来刺激人体感官,缓解疲劳、减轻压力、愉悦身心、预防和治疗疾病,将园艺疗法应用到城市园林景观中是今后园林设计发展的大势所趋。试验通过前期查阅大量相关文献资料,探究了园艺疗法的含义、类型、作用及其与园林景观设计之间的关系等理论方面的内容;于2018年4—5月多次前往唐山南湖公园、大钊公园、凤凰山公园等地进行实地调研,探究园艺疗法在现有城市园林景观中的开展情况,同时设计了一份关于园艺疗法的调查问卷并在网络上和公园中同步发放。问卷回收后,对问卷结果进行整理、分析与讨论,最终探究出园艺疗法在城市园林景观中较适宜的应用模式,如设置不同功能园区包括体验园、感知园、专类园,从园林设计的角度出发更好地开展园艺疗法对人们的感官刺激,同时通过园艺体验改善人们身体机能。     

农业生态观光园雨水利用措施研究进展

为了缓解当今社会城市用水紧张,减少生活用水对其他方面造成的不必要的浪费,从农业生态观光园概念及特点着手进行分析,探讨了城市雨水在农业生态观光园景观中的生态化利用方法,包括景观建筑雨水利用措施、园区绿地雨水利用措施、园区道路广场雨水利用措施、园区雨水净化技术;提出雨水利用在促进农业生态观光园,乃至城市水资源可持续循环及改善生态环境方面的巨大作用。     

Construction Features of Small Roadside Parks in Tropical Area——A Case Study of Zhanjiang City

Accessibility and flexibility of small roadside parks make them significant transitional spaces in urban landscape environment. Three representative small parks in Zhanjiang City, a typical tropical city in south China, were selected to analyze their location features, spatial processing, demonstration of regional landscapes and recreational characteristics. It was proposed that construction of small roadside parks in tropical area should put human needs on the priority, present regional features of tropical garden landscapes, and focus on inheritance and innovation of regional cultures.     

Progress and Prospect of Studies on Landscape Health of Urban Wetland Park

Rapid urbanization and increasing attention on the construction of wetland park have contributed to the increasing research fruits of urban wedand park.This paper,on the basis of sorting out literatures on urban wedand park from 2004 to 2015,analyzed the research contents and proposed the prospects.The research contents focused on concept of urban wedand park and landscape health,influence factors,ecological health,landscape health,and evaluation standard.It was found that the research methods vaned,quantitative and qualitative researches were combined;there were rich data sources,dynamic and static researches were integrated;theories lagged behind practices,and the research scale was limited.Therefore,the theoretical system must be improved from the perspective of philosophy and management science;national,regional and other large-scale analysis must be valued to expand the research scale;influence factors were analyzed from multiple perspectives.