生物饵料对黑鲷仔鱼前期生长的影响

随着水产增养殖业的日益发展,鱼类的人工繁殖和育苗技术已引起世界各国的重视。国内近年来在鱼类种苗培育方面也取得了较大的突破。鱼类的种苗生产中,对饵料的适口性和营养的要求比较高。日本在鱼类的种苗生产中,对生物饵料的培养,特别是小球藻、轮虫等的培养极为重视,几乎所有的鱼类种苗生产中都使用小球藻和轮虫作为仔鱼的主要饵料。我国大部份也是采用单细胞藻和轮虫培育仔鱼,同时也用一些个体较小的     

不同温度、饵料对兴凯湖翘嘴鱼白仔鱼摄食和生长的影响

本研究了温度和饵料对兴凯湖翘嘴鲌仔鱼的摄食和生长的影响。结果表明：兴凯湖翘嘴鲌仔鱼在不同温度下的生长速度和成活率存在着较大差异，在水温为25℃时仔鱼生长速度最快、成活率最高，18℃时仔鱼生长速度最慢、成活率最低；投喂不同的饵料对兴凯湖翘嘴鲌仔鱼的生长速度和成活率也有较大差异，投喂浮游动物的仔鱼生长速度最快、成活率最高，投喂蛋黄和开口料的仔鱼生长速度最慢、成活率最低。水温为25℃、23℃、20℃、18℃时，仔鱼的瞬时生长率分别为4．09％、2．05％、1．12％、1．08％；仔鱼的日平均成活率分别为90．96％、82．89％、81．78％、74．67％。对兴凯湖翘嘴鲌仔鱼投喂浮游动物、混合料、开口料、蛋黄，其瞬时生长率分别为3．34％、2．42％、1．45％、1．40％；仔鱼日平均成活率分别为95．89％、92．22％、81．11％、83．89％。     

不同开口饵料对江鳕仔鱼生长及存活率的影响

采用海水皱褶轮虫（Brachionus plicatilis）、淡水臂尾轮虫（Bruchionus sp.）（维持有小球藻（Chlorella sp.））、超微粒子饵料、水丝蚓（Tubifex sp.）肉糜、摇蚊幼虫（Chironomus sp.）肉糜五组不同饵料进行江鳕仔鱼开口饵料选择试验。经15 d培育,结果表明：淡水轮虫是江鳕仔鱼最佳开口饵料,生长速度最快,成活率最高（95.42%）。     

不同开口饵料对黑莓鲈仔鱼生长和成活率的影响

试验选用小型浮游动物、鱼浆、蛋黄和鳗鱼配合饲料等4种饵料作为黑莓鲈仔鱼的开口饵料,经20 d培育,结果显示,在不同饵料条件下,黑莓鲈仔鱼的开口摄食率、生长速度和成活率存在显著差异(P0.05)。小型浮游动物组开口摄食率最高,为94.44%,生长速度较快,平均日增全长为0.43 mm,最终存活率为56.03%;鱼浆、蛋黄和鳗鱼饲料组的生长速度和成活率均较低,平均日增全长分别为0.22、0.14、0.11mm,成活率分别为15.24%、12.80%、8.05%。4种开口饵料中,小型浮游动物是黑莓鲈仔鱼的适宜开口饵料。Logistic生长模型能较好地拟合不同开口饵料黑莓鲈仔鱼的生长曲线(R2≥0.96)。     

不同温度、饵料对宽体金线蛭仔蛭生长和存活的影响

本文研究了不同温度和饵料对宽体金线蛭仔蛭生长和存活的影响。结果表明：宽体金线蛭（ Whitmania pigra）仔蛭在不同温度条件下的生长速度和存活率存在显著差异（ P /0.05）。在水温为27℃条件下,仔蛭生长速度最快、存活率最高;而33℃下的仔蛭存活率最低、生长最慢。投喂不同的饵料,仔蛭的生长速度和存活率也有显著的差异（ P /0.05）;投喂轮虫和圆田螺组的仔蛭生长速度最快、存活率最高;投喂蛋黄组的仔蛭存活率最低、生长速度最慢。     

不同开口饵料对黑斑原鮡仔鱼成活率和生长的影响

分别采用浮游动物、蛋黄、水丝蚓、鳗鱼饲料对黑斑原鮡(Glyptosternum maculatum)仔鱼进行投喂,探讨这4种开口饵料对其成活率及生长的影响。试验开始时,黑斑原鮡仔鱼全长为(10.60±0.34)mm,体重为(0.025±0.003)g,试验周期共计21 d。结果显示:鳗鱼饲料组和浮游动物组成活率最高,仔鱼的平均全长体重增长率也均高于其他两组。水丝蚓组存活率上明显低于其他组,且生长速度也最低。结果表明,4种开口饵料效果比较,推荐浮游动物和鳗鱼饲料作为黑斑原鮡仔鱼最适宜的开口饵料。     

不同开口饵料对鸭绿沙塘鳢仔鱼生长性能的影响

以枝角类(Moina sp.)、水丝蚓(Limnodrilus sp.)、鲂鱼苗(Megalobrama amblycephala)、鱼苗宝(配合饲料)和枝角类+水丝蚓为开口饵料投喂鸭绿沙塘鳢仔鱼,经13d培育,结果表明:以枝角类+水丝蚓作为鸭绿沙塘鳢的开口饵料,仔鱼的生长速度最快,成活率最高,其平均体重、平均全长和平均成活率分别为21.37±8.44mg、12.58±1.11mm和88.33%;其中平均全长高于其它各组,差异显著(P0.05);平均体重大于其它各组,与枝角类、鲂鱼苗、鱼苗宝(配合饲料)组差异显著(P0.05);平均成活率高于其它各组,且与各组差异显著(P0.05)。鸭绿沙塘鳢仔鱼的最适开口饵料是枝角类+水丝蚓;其次为鲂鱼苗、水丝蚓和枝角类,鱼苗宝不适合作为其开口料。     

温度变化对斑点鳟鲑仔鱼存活与生长的影响

本文研究了温度变化对斑点鳟鲑仔鱼存活与生长的影响。结果表明,温度变化对斑点鳟鲑20日龄仔鱼存活与生长有明显的影响,20日龄仔鱼在水温10～26℃范围内均能存活、生长。最适水温为14～22℃,在适温范围内幼鱼具有较高的存活率和生长率,温度过高或过低均对其生长发育有抑制作用,在(18±0.5)℃时生长率达到峰值,为0.93mm/d。     

不同开口饵料对四川裂腹鱼仔鱼生长和成活率的影响

采用丰年虫、冰冻轮虫、水蚯蚓、人工配合饲料4种开口饵料投喂四川裂腹鱼（ Schizothorax kozlovi Nikol-sky）仔鱼30 d,研究其对四川裂腹鱼仔鱼生长和成活率的影响。结果显示：投喂水蚯蚓和丰年虫能保证四川裂腹鱼仔鱼具有较快的生长速度和较高的成活率。而人工配合饲料组生长速度明显低于其他组,且成活率最低。结果表明,4种开口饵料中,丰年虫是四川裂腹鱼仔鱼最适宜的开口饵料。     

丝足鱼(Trichogaster trichopterus)耐盐性及盐度驯化

以斑马鱼（Danio rerio）和剑尾鱼（Xiphophorus helleri）作比较，对丝足鱼（Trichogaster trichopterus）耐盐性进行研究，测定丝足鱼的96h半致死盐度（LS50-96h）、平均存活时间（MST）、50％存活时间（MT50）、开始死亡时间和死亡率等耐盐指标，并逐级提高养殖水体盐度对丝足鱼进行耐盐驯化实验，测定丝足鱼在盐度为14水体中不同驯化时间的血清渗透压。结果表明，①丝足鱼的耐盐性高于斑马鱼，而低于剑尾鱼的耐盐性；②丝足鱼稚、幼鱼间耐盐性存在着极显著差异，其耐盐性与日龄有关，日龄越大，耐盐性越强；③丝足鱼在盐度14半咸水中驯化48h左右渗透压基本调节平衡。实验证明经过从低盐度到高盐度的梯度驯化，丝足鱼可适应盐度为14的半咸水，为丝足鱼作为海水致病菌毒力分析模型奠定理论基础。     

Pigmentation and growth performance in the blue gourami,Trichogaster trichopterus,fed marigold,Calendula officinalis,powder, a natural carotenoid source

The present study aimed to determine the effects of different levels of marigold, Calendula officinalis, powder, 0 (control), 0.5% (M0.5), 1.5% (M1.5), and 2.5% (M2.5), on pigmentation and growth performance of the blue gourami after a 70‐day trial. At the end of the experiment, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in fish growth performance and body compositions. Color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) were weekly evaluated by examining a point posterior to the fish operculum. The marigold‐fed fish were darker than the control fish at Weeks 9 and 10. Yellowness intensity of the M2.5 was significantly higher than the other treatments at Week 9. Skin and caudal fin total carotenoids, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and β‐carotene contents of the treatment M2.5 were significantly different (p < 0.05) compared to the other treatments. Muscle total carotenoids, astaxanthin, and canthaxanthin contents of the marigold‐treated fish were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the control group. Muscle β‐carotene contents of the treatments M1.5 and M2.5 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the control group. This study shows that marigold powder may be considered an efficient natural carotenoid source for pigmentation in blue gourami.     

温度和盐度对鞍带石斑鱼受精卵发育及仔鱼成活率的影响

研究了在8个盐度梯度(18.3‰、19.7‰、21.2‰、23.5‰、25.6‰、27.1‰、29.5‰和31.7‰)下鞍带石斑鱼Epinephelus lanceol受精卵和仔鱼在水中的分布状态、出膜率和仔鱼存活率;在9个温度梯度(18℃、20℃、22℃、24℃、26℃、28℃、30℃、33℃和35℃)下,其受精卵孵化率、畸形率和仔鱼成活率。结果表明:(1)在水温为25~26℃,当盐度≤25.6‰时,受精卵表现为沉性;当盐度≥27.1‰时,受精卵表现为浮性。仔鱼的分布与受精卵有相似的特点,当盐度≤21.2‰时仔鱼分布在底层水体;当盐度≥27.1‰时,仔鱼集中分布在上层水体。(2)以孵化率和成活率为指标,鞍带石斑鱼孵化的适宜盐度范围为21.2‰~31.7‰,最适盐度范围为25.6‰~31.7‰。在盐度为31.7‰时仔鱼成活率最高达到75.9%。(3)鞍带石斑鱼胚胎发育的适温范围是26~30℃。28℃时受精卵孵化率、仔鱼成活率均最高,畸形率最低。     

Effect of temperature on survival,growth and development of Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae

Mussel aquaculture is widely prevalent worldwide, but generally relies on natural seed collection, which does not always meet the needs of the producers. Thus, development of mussel hatcheries is of economic interest in some parts of the world, such as Europe; it provides opportunities not only on annual reliability of seed but also on genetic improvements. To broaden knowledge on mussel larval physiology, we carried out temperature treatments (17, 20 and 24 °C) on Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae under laboratory conditions. The trials ended when 30% of the larval population was in the post‐larval stage. The temperature coefficient Q₁₀ indicated a strong relationship between temperature and increase in growth from 17 to 20 °C, but not between 20 and 24 °C. Exposure of M. galloprovincialis larvae to 17 °C resulted in poor growth, low survival and a delayed development and was considered to be inadequate for M. galloprovincialis larval culture. Rearing the larvae at 20 or 24 °C produced better growth, higher survival rates and faster metamorphosis as compared with 17 °C. The temperature region within 20 and 24 °C was suggested as adequate for the mussel M. galloprovincialis larval culture, and implications of these results on the development of commercial hatcheries were discussed.     

限食对合浦珠母贝幼虫生长、成活及变态的影响

自2009年4月27日至2009年5月25日,在不同投饵条件下研究了限食对合浦珠母贝（Pinctada fucata）幼虫生长、成活和变态的影响。结果显示,试验初期对照组幼虫的壳长、壳高日增长率逐渐升高,自第20天开始迅速下降;试验一组（隔天投喂）和二组（隔2d投喂）幼虫的壳长、壳高日增长率缓慢升高,且与对照组同期幼虫的日增长率差异显著,这表明饵料是否充足直接影响马氏珠母贝幼虫的生长。试验期间,对照组幼虫的成活率逐渐降低,畸形率无显著性变化,而试验一组和二组幼虫的成活率显著低于对照组,试验二组幼虫的畸形率高于同期对照组和试验一组幼虫的畸形率,表明在食物匮乏的情况下,幼虫的发育受到影响。对照组幼虫在第20天时开始变态,随后变态率逐渐升高,试验一组幼虫在第30天时开始变态,而试验二组幼虫在试验期间一直没有变态,表明该组幼虫的营养状况不足以支持其变态附着。     

Combined effects of water temperature and daily food availability period on the growth and survival of tench (Tinca tinca) larvae

A 16‐day experiment was designed to find the best combination of water temperature (27, 30, 33°C) and daily duration of food availability (12, 18, 24 h) for larval tench (Tinca tinca) growth and survival. Larvae with an initial mean size of 5.7 mm total length (TL) and 0.7 mg wet body weight (BW) were stocked at 15 L^?1. Larvae were fed in excess with live Artemia nauplii with the period of food availability lasting 12, 18 or 24 h daily. The largest final larval size was recorded at 27 and 30°C in groups fed for 24 h a day (17.7 and 17.9 mm TL, 76.1 and 77.7 mg BW, respectively). The combination of the highest temperature and the longest daily food availability was the only set of conditions under which final larval survival was affected (95.4% survival; 98.7–99.9% under all other conditions). The combination of water temperature of about 28.6°C and continuous food availability is recommended as the optimum combination for rearing T. tinca larvae under controlled conditions. Providing continuous food supply to fish larvae under aquaculture conditions was also advantageous in helping to mitigate the effects of slower growth relative to developmental progress, which can occur at high water temperatures. However, should one wish to limit the daily feeding period to 12 h per day, the use of a water temperature between 27.4 and 27.9°C would be the best solution.     

双小核草履虫培养技术及其作为蓝星鱼开口饵料的研究

研究了双小核草履虫的培养技术，进行了以双小核草履虫，面包酵母，鸡蛋黄为蓝星鱼开口饵料的试验。结果：以草履虫的效果最好。     

温度对中华倒刺鲃胚胎与仔鱼发育的影响

研究了温度对中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)胚胎与仔鱼发育的影响。结果显示:在21~29℃温度范围内,胚胎均能孵化出膜,孵化时间y与温度x成极显著的负相关关系,y=993017x-3.0318,R2=0.9614(P<0.01);孵化积温y与温度x的关系式为y=993017x-2.0318,R2=0.9179(P<0.05)。胚胎发育的适宜温度范围为21~29℃,最适温度范围为23~27℃。仔鱼生长发育随温度的升高而加快,仔鱼生长发育的适宜温度范围为23~31℃,最适温度范围为25~31℃。结果表明,在适宜温度范围内,适当升温可以加快中华倒刺鲃胚胎与仔鱼发育的进程。     

不同饵料对3种西藏鱼类仔鱼生长及存活的影响

研究了卤虫无节幼体、专用仔鱼料、鳗鱼仔鱼料等3种不同饵料对西藏尖裸鲤(Oxygymnocypris stewartii)、异齿裂腹鱼(Schizothorax o'connori Lloyd)、拉萨裂腹鱼(Schizothorax waltoni Regan)等3种鱼类仔鱼生长和存活的影响。实验尖裸鲤、异齿裂腹鱼、拉萨裂腹鱼仔鱼的初始全长分别为(13.29±0.52)mm、(12.29±0.44)mm、(15.81±0.50)mm,实验周期分别为25 d、25 d、15 d。结果表明:与其他饵料组相比,投喂专用仔鱼料组,异齿裂腹鱼仔鱼和拉萨裂腹鱼仔鱼的平均全长、全长增加倍数以及存活率均高于其他各组,并有显著差异;尖裸鲤仔鱼的平均全长和全长增长倍数也高于其他各组,但存活率较投喂卤虫无节幼体低,并有显著差异。