高产优质甘蓝型核不育杂交种双油杂1号的选育

双油杂1号是河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所选育的高产优质半冬性隐性核不育甘蓝型油菜两系杂交种。该品种农艺性状优良、抗寒、抗倒伏、较耐菌核病、抗病毒病。在2年河南省油菜区域试验中平均单产2731.2kg/hm2,比对照杂98009增产8.58%。在河南省油菜生产试验中,双油杂1号平均单产2489.1kg/hm2,比对照杂交种杂98009增产3.93％。品质优良,芥酸含量0.1％,硫甙含量18.85μmol/g饼,含油量40.96％,品质符合国家标准。     

云南省罗平县高产优质双低油菜品种的综合筛选评价

云南省罗平县是油菜生产大县,常年种植面积保持在 5.53 万 hm2 以上。近年来,大量外省杂交品种进入罗平市场,为鉴定这些品种的丰产性、抗病抗逆性和品质,选择 49 份市场主推品种,采用大区设计开展品种综合筛选试验,从中筛选出高产优质双低品种,以巩固罗平优质油菜生产大县地位。结果表明,明堂油 985 和中油 811 芥酸、硫苷含量低于 1% 和 27μmoL/g,油酸、含油量分别高于 66% 和 44%,产量高于 3570kg/hm2 ,抗倒伏,菌核病病株率低,品质好,油酸和含油量高,可加大力度推广。德油杂 12 产量最高,芥酸含量低,含油量一般,但硫苷含量高（54.3μmoL/g）;川油 45 产量居第 2 位,芥酸含量低,硫苷含量较低（34.49μmoL/g）,含油量一般（38.74%）;大地 199 产量为 3327.01kg/hm2,芥酸、硫苷含量分别低于 1% 和 30μmoL/g,油酸、含油量高,分别为 69.33% 和 46.56%,可推广。     

甘蓝型双低油菜品种豫油2号的选育

豫油2号是用系谱法从“(7818×Marnoo)F_2×QVa”的杂种后代中选育的甘蓝型双低油菜品种.该品种具有高产、优质、抗(耐)病等特性.在河南省三年区试、两年生产示范和国家黄淮区域试验中,比双低油菜品种豫油1号(ck_1)增产15.6%,比高芥酸、高硫甙油菜品种南阳41(ck_2)增产3.8%,比低芥酸油菜品种秦油3号增产23.2%.该品种含芥酸0.244%、硫甙16.57μmol/g,含油量39.48%,达到了国际优质油菜标准.较抗(耐)病毒病和菌核病.     

甘蓝型油菜高产双低三系杂交种川油33的选育

川油33为甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育（CMS）高产双低杂交新品种,原品种代号为杂-9,不育系为JA8,保持系为JB8,恢复系为JR8。川油33杂交优势强,综合性状好,双低品质优,丰产性突出,产量高,含油量高,熟期适中,适应性广,抗（耐）病性强。在四川省油菜新品种区域试验中,2003年8个试验点平均产量 2350.5 kg/hm2 ,比对照蜀杂6号增产12.58%（极显著）;2004年9个试验点平均产量 2314.5 kg/hm2 ,比对照蜀杂6号增产 9.98%（极显著）。在2003~2004年度组织五点（成都、绵阳、什邡、南充和内江）生产试验,平均产量 2200.5 kg/hm2,比对照蜀杂6号增产 16.2%（极显著）。杂交种子芥酸 0.1% ,硫甙 22.89 μmol/g 饼,含油率（干基）40.81% 。商品菜籽芥酸 1.02% ,硫甙 27.82 μmol/g 饼,含油率（干基）39.0%。中抗病毒病和菌核病。平均全生育日数215 d,比CK蜀杂6号早熟1~2d。2004年10月通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定,并被列为四川省主推品种。     

"三高两低"杂交油菜油研十号的选育

高产、高含油量、高蛋白含量的双低杂交油菜对于推动油菜生产发展具有十分重要的现实意义.油研十号含油量平均达44.43%,饼粕蛋白含量达40.44%,芥酸含量为0.47%,硫苷含量为26.03μmol/g·饼;产量比油研七号平均增产6.62%,比中油821增产8.73%,比宁杂1号和宁杂3号分别增产5.35%和6.96%,最高产量可达3.5～4t/hm2.是一个具有"三高两低"高效型的杂交油菜品种,推广应用将会给农户和加工部门带来新的经济效益.     

高油优质杂交油菜中油6303的选育策略及其特性

中油6303是利用陕2A不育系等为材料，以大粒作为实现高产和高含油量有机结合的纽带，经测交、诱变、杂交和回交等方法选育而成的甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育三系杂交种，具有品质优、抗（耐）病性强、产量高、含油量高、稳产性好等特征。贵州省区试平均产量2256，3kg／hm^2，比对照油研七号增产7．11％；贵州省生产试验平均产量1860．75kg／hm^2，比对照油研7号增产14．70％，含油量44．05％，理论产油量比对照油研7号增产31．26％。全国（长江上游区）油菜区试平均产量2224．2kg／hm^2，比对照中油821增产18．96％，理论产油量比对照中油821增产32．22％。其种子芥酸含量0．33％，商品籽饼粕硫苷含量18．28 μmol／g，符合国际领先的加拿大优质油菜标准，2004年分别通过贵州省和全国农作物品种审定委员会审定，是一个在我国冬油菜主产区（长江上游区）应用前景广阔的优质高效油菜品种。     

中油杂2号在创新中育繁推

中油杂２号是中国农科院油料作物研究所李云昌研究员利用秦油２号不育胞质２A培育出的双低三系杂交油菜新品种，由湖北省种子集团公司独家生产、经营、开发。中油杂２号含油量４１．４５％，芥酸含量为０．９％，硫甙含量为中油杂２号是中国农科院油料作物研究所李云昌研究员利用秦油２号不育胞质２A培育出的双低三系杂交油菜新品种，由湖北省种子集团公司独家生产、经营、开发。中油杂２号含油量４１．４５％，芥酸含量为０．９％，硫甙含量为２０．７μmol／g（饼），三项指标均已达到国际标准，是我国目前杂交油菜中品质最优、含油量最…     

甘蓝型杂交油菜杂双1号的选育及高产保优栽培技术

杂双1号是河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所选育的甘蓝型细胞质雄性不育三系杂交种.该品种农艺性状优良、抗寒、抗倒伏、较耐茵核病、抗病毒病.在两年河南省油菜区域试验中平均产量2 646.6 kg/hm2,比对照秦油2号增产11.4%.在河南省油菜生产试验中,杂双1号产量2 131.5 kg/hm2,比对照华杂4号增产0.71%.芥酸含量0.15%.硫甙含量18.55μmol/g(饼),含油量40.46%.规模化种植、适期播种、合理密植、合理施肥、及时进行病虫草害防治等技术,是杂双1号获得优质和高产的关键栽培措施.     

双低优质早熟高油油菜新品种楚油 3 号的选育

楚油 3 号是楚雄彝族自治州农业科学院选育登记的第一个油菜常规品种,也是云南省当时登记的油菜品种中含油量最高的油菜品种。在 2016-2018 年度三州市（玉溪、楚雄、保山）油菜品种多点联合试验中,2 年平均产量为 3744.60kg/hm2,较对照云油杂 2 号增产 12.52%,达极显著水平。该品种生育期 170.0d,株高 187.2cm,分枝部位高 79.1cm,有效分枝数 9.4 个,单株有效角果数 258.1 个,每角粒数 24.9 粒,千粒重 3.69g。经品质成分分析,芥酸含量未检出,硫甙含量 28.73μmoL/g,含油量48.61%。     

甘蓝型优质油菜新品种选育研究

通过品种间杂交，采取系谱法或系谱集团法选择定向培育；把田间选择与室内选择密切结合，贯芽始终地加强产量性状和抗（耐）病性选择；并把含油量与双低性状放在同等地位，始于中世代（选择标准随世代增加而提高）进行选择。采取选育、鉴定、示范、繁殖、推广有机结合的有效措施，先后育成了低芥酸品种油研1号．双低品种油研2号和油研6号。较好的解决了优质与高产及抗病的矛盾，实现了双低与高产，双低与抗病和双低与高油酸及含油量较高的有机结合，为油菜品质育种提供了例证。     

甘蓝型优质油菜新品种油研1.2号选育研究

通过品种间杂交和系谱法选择,育成了甘兰型低芥酸油菜新品种“油研1号”和甘兰型“双低”油菜新品种“油研2号”。经贵州省油菜区域试验和生产试验鉴定:其丰产性好,产量稳定,适应性强,熟期适宜,抗逆性较好,贵州省农作物品种审定委员会分别于1990年和1991年审定通过:列为贵州省推广良种。     

Variation and inheritance of erucic acid content in Brassica carinata germplasm collections from Ethiopia

Ethiopian mustard possesses a number of agronomic advantages over other oilseed crops with similar ecological adaptation in Ethiopia. However, its high erucic acid content is undesirable for a vegetable oil. Although efforts have been made to improve its quality, much has to be done to use natural variations that might exist within the species for fatty acid contents. This project was undertaken to study the variability of fatty acid contents, primarily erucic acid, in germplasm collections of Ethiopian origin, with an attempt to develop low (zero) erucic acid genotypes. The study used inbred lines as well as F₂ populations of 10 crosses between six parental lines. A wide variation in fatty acids was found. Oleic acid content varied from 5 to 34% and erucic acid content from 6 to 51%. Linoleic and linolenic acid contents were less variable. The high‐oleic genotypes exhibited not only low erucic but also higher linoleic (25%) and considerably lower linolenic acid (8%) contents. It was possible to classify the F₂ populations with the lowest erucic acid into three distinct classes. While the first class had an erucic acid content of 6–12%, the second and third classes had contents of 18–32% and 36–42%, respectively. The existence of a multiple allelic series of erucic acid in Ethiopian mustard would enable its fixation at zero levels without necessarily going into interspecific crossing.     

双低杂交油菜油研七号选育研究

油研七号系以隐性核不育系22A为母本．1536－119为父本配制的双低杂交油菜新组合。该品种表现林高中等，杆硬抗倒．抗逆性强．适应性好。芥酸小于1％，硫甙含量在30微摩尔．含油率40％－42％。在区域试验中生育期平均比同试验的秦油二号早7天以上，产量比对照蜀杂一号增产14．83％。1995年7月通过贵州省品种审定委员会审定通过。至1996年秋已在省内外累计推广100多万公顷。     

高含油量油菜新品种双油8号的选育及高产栽培技术

双油8号是河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所采用复合杂交选育的甘蓝型优质油菜新品种,2007年通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。在河南省油菜区域试验中平均产量2541.0 kg/hm2,比对照豫油2号增产20.67%。在河南省油菜生产试验中双油8号平均产量2704.8 kg/hm2,比对照杂交种豫油2号增产7.06％。双油8号种子芥酸含量0.05%,商品籽硫甙含量20.96μmol/g饼,达到国家双低油菜标准,含油量46.35%,属高含油量品种。适期播种、培育壮苗、合理密植、及时进行肥水管理和病虫草害防治等技术,是双油8号夺取高产的关键栽培措施。双油8号具有高含油量、品质优良、抗病、抗倒伏、丰产性突出、稳产性好、适应性广等优点,是一个极具推广应用前景的优良品种。     

白菜型油菜黄、黑籽间种皮、胚中蛋白质、脂肪及其组份的比较研究

本文利用主成分分析对6个白菜型油菜品种（系）黄、黑籽间种皮、胚、籽粒中蛋白质、17种氨基酸、含油量和7种脂肪酸进行了比较研究。表明：黄籽蛋白质、氨基酸和含油量高于黑籽是由于黄籽种皮较薄，胚占的比重较大，种皮中各种含量显著或极显著高于黑籽种皮所造成；而黄籽胚中蛋白质和氨基酸含量低于黑籽胚；黄、黑籽间胚含油     

栽培因素对甘蓝型优质杂交油菜品质性状的影响

为了研究播期、密度、施氮量、施磷量、施钾量5个主要栽培因素对甘蓝型优质杂交油菜品质性状的影响,以‘油研599’和‘三北98’为材料,运用五元二次正交旋转组合设计进行试验研究。结果表明,芥酸含量与播期、施氮量间均呈负相关,与密度呈正相关;硫苷含量与播期呈负相关、与施钾量呈正相关;含油率与播期、施氮量间均呈负相关,与密度、施钾量呈正相关;种子蛋白质含量与播期、施氮量间均呈正相关,与密度、施钾量呈负相关;油酸含量与施磷量呈负相关,与施氮量呈正相关;棕榈酸含量与施钾量呈负相关,与‘油研599’的播期、密度、施氮量、施磷量均呈正相关,与‘三北98’的播期、密度、施氮量、施磷量均呈负相关;硬脂酸含量与播期、密度、施磷量、施钾量间均呈正相关;亚油酸含量与密度、施氮量呈正相关,与施钾量呈负相关;亚麻酸含量与施氮量、施钾量呈正相关;廿碳烯酸含量与播期呈负相关。栽培因素对品质性状的影响有的呈相关,有的呈负相关,正负相关会发生部份相互抵消,每一个处理品质性状的表现都是5个因素综合作用的结果。在5个因素与10个品质性状的50对简单相关中,有26对在2个品种中表现一致,有24对在2个品种中表现不一致。播期、密度、施氮量、施磷量4因素对2个品种芥酸含量的影响较大、播期、密度、施氮量、施钾量4个因素对2个品种棕榈酸含量的影响较小。多个栽培因素的综合作用不能根本性的改善杂交油菜的品质性状。     

Stability and Adaptability of Cultivars in Non-balanced Yield Trials. Comparison of Methods for Selecting 'High Oleic' Sunflower hybrids for Grain Yield and Quality

The best‐yielding and most stable cultivars are identified by growing cultivars in different environments. The stability of grain‐quality traits has been less thoroughly investigated than the stability of grain yield. High‐oleic hybrids of sunflower have been available on the Argentinian seed market for several years. Research on the stability of these genotypes is scarce. The objectives of this work were (i) to compare, using three different methods, the stability and adaptability of high‐oleic hybrids for grain yield and oil and oleic acid contents, and (ii) to explore the advantages and disadvantages of each method in selecting stable or adapted genotypes with high grain yield and high quality. Stability and adaptability analyses were performed on results for grain yields and oil and oleic acid contents of 35 high‐oleic sunflower hybrids from 17 comparative yield trials conducted over 2 years in Argentina. Stability was estimated using two methods: Fisher's protected least significant difference (LSD) test, which compared hybrids with the best‐yielding hybrid in each environment, and the test of relative yield (RY), which uses standard deviation as the measure of stability. Adaptability was estimated using Piepho's method of ‘multiple comparisons with the best’. These three methods can be applied to unbalanced data. Piepho's method made little discrimination amongst the hybrids. The LSD and RY tests coincided in classifying the hybrids as stable and unstable in 85 % of cases for grain yield and 76 % for oil content. It is concluded that the most convenient method depends on characteristics of the experimental design and of variability of the evaluated trait. Results from the LSD test depend on the number of environments in which the cultivar is tested. The RY method is valuable for classifying some cultivars as high‐yielding and stable, avoiding the problem of high‐yielding environments biasing the general average. Use of both methods together could be effective for classifying hybrids when the number of environments is adequate.     

Orychophragmus violaceus, a Potential Edible-oil Crop

Orychophragmus violaceus, a member of the Cruciferae family, has been found to have a high oil quality with high contents of palmitic (14.3 %) and oleic (20.3 %) acids, and lower contents of linolenic (4.8 %) and erucic (0.9 %) acids. Plants of O. violaceus exhibit a high number of branches, pods per plant, and seeds per pod, which contributes to the high yield potential of this plant. Individual selection was made in the original population of O. violaceus, and a few early, disease-tolerant and high-yielding lines were obtained. Intergeneric hybridization was performed between B. napus and O. violaceus and several hybrid plants (F₁) were obtained. After treatment with colchicine, amphidiploid plants developed. O. violaceus shows great potential for becoming an edible oil crop or being used as genetic material in a rapeseed breeding programme.     

利用基因芯片技术研究甘蓝型油菜油酸合成中差异表达基因

采用基因芯片技术对甘蓝型油菜高油酸(71.71%)和低油酸(55.6%)材料进行分析,探索油酸的差异表达基因。结果检测到差异表达基因562个,其中上调表达基因194个,下调表达基因368个。以基因芯片中油菜上调基因NM_100489和下调基因NM_130183为材料,用实时荧光定量方法验证基因芯片的结果,二者完全相符。根据基因芯片的实验结果,采用Go注释系统和数据库查询对562个差异表达基因进行功能注释表明,主要为各种酶类、结合功能、转录调控、代谢等,还有的功能未知或与糖代谢及脂肪酸合成相关,其中丙酮酸激酶、果糖二磷酸、酰基传递/酰基ACP硫脂酶、作用于酯键的水解酶、Δ9硬脂酰-乙酰载体蛋白去饱和酶(ADS1)、Δ9酰基-油脂减饱和酶2(ADS2)、ω-3脂肪酸减饱和酶(fad3)等被鉴定为差异表达基因。