猪隐孢子虫病调查

采集湖南省7个县、市猪场和农户饲养的495头猪粪样进行了隐孢子虫病调查,发现其中6个县、市有隐孢子虫感染,感染率为4.2～46.3%,其中以攸县和浏阳县的感染率为高,分别为45.2～46.3%和42.1%;各年龄组猪中,1月龄仔猪和7月龄以上成年猪的感染率(分别为50%和55.9%)高于2月龄、3月龄、4月龄、5月龄、6月龄猪(感染率为16.7～40%),6月龄猪的感染率最低;不同品种猪都可感染隐孢子虫,其中两头黑猪的感染率(74.2%)高于杂交猪,湘白Ⅰ系猪和长白猪(感染率为28.1—40%)。此外,还对饲养管理和患球虫病与猪感染隐孢子虫的关系进行了探讨。     

玉溪市仔猪肠道寄生虫的调查

本文报道了玉溪市仔猪感染肠道寄生虫的情况及感染率，共查1055份粪样，阳性689份，阳性率65．3％，共检测到蠕虫虫卵6种、原虫病原体2种，其中61日龄以上仔猪中检出6种，蛔虫、食道口线虫、毛首线虫、布氏姜片吸虫、蛭形巨吻棘头虫、小袋纤毛虫；60日龄的内仔猪7种；蛔虫、食道口线虫、毛首线虫、球首线虫、布氏姜片吸虫、球虫、小袋纤毛虫、感染最普遍的蛔虫，食道口线虫、小袋纤毛虫，在61日龄以上和60日龄内仔猪的感染率分别为61．2％与14．2％、23．7％和23．4％、3．7％秘82．0％。     

猪常见寄生虫病及提高驱虫效果的措施

1猪常见寄生虫病的症状 1．1蛔虫病 本病是由猪蛔虫寄生于猪的小肠所引起的1种线虫病。主要危害3-6月龄的仔猪。成虫寄生时表现消瘦、贫血、生长缓慢；蛔虫数量多时引起肠梗阻和肠穿孔，出现相应症状。有时蛔虫可进入胆管，造成胆道蛔虫病，引起黄疸和腹痛。幼虫移行至肺时引起蛔虫性肺炎，临床表现为咳嗽、呼吸增快，体温升高，食欲减退和精神沉郁。     

猪截瘫的妙治

2004年9月和2005年5月青海省海晏县发生症状相同的两例仔猪截瘫，分别为6月龄和50kg和6月龄55kg；症状：猪卧地不起呈犬坐姿势，触诊猪后躯常发出尖叫声，体温，脉搏，呼吸，食欲，两便均正常；     

猪蛔虫病与旋毛虫病的流行与诊断

1蛔虫病猪蛔虫病是由蛔虫寄生在猪小肠内所引起的线虫病。本病发生普遍,一般3-6月龄的仔猪对此病易感,危害较为严重。临床上以生长发育不足、增重缓慢、蛔虫性肺炎、胃肠道疾病为特征,严重感染时,仔猪发育停滞,成为僵猪,甚至死亡。     

泰州地区犬蛔虫感染情况的调查

2008至2013年间,采用饱和盐水漂浮法、肉眼观察法、动物蠕虫学剖检法和麦克马斯特氏法对泰州地区犬蛔虫的感染情况进行了调查。分别从5个养犬场、1个藏獒繁育中心、1个警犬养殖基地、部分宠物门诊、1个某学校实验动物和散养犬,共采集398只犬的新鲜粪便,进行检查。结果显示,泰州市地区犬的蛔虫感染率为18.34%(73/398),感染虫种包括犬弓首蛔虫和狮弓蛔虫,平均感染强度(EPG)为3.8×103。散养犬蛔虫感染阳性率为41.67%(15/36),其中剖检的阳性率为50%(4/8),明显高于圈养犬的感染率15.57%(52/334)和门诊犬的感染率21.43%(6/28);在7个犬养殖场中有6个感染犬蛔虫,犬的感染率从零至26.09%不等。4⁶月龄犬的蛔虫感染率高达44.44%(24/54),16月龄犬的蛔虫感染率高达44.44%(24/54),1³月龄和73月龄和7¹2月龄的犬蛔虫感染率分别为32.65%(6/49)和30.77%(16/52),1岁以上的犬感染率最低,仅为7%(17/243)。     

牛猪的驱虫与健胃

牛猪饲养过程中,经常接触地面,饲喂生饲料,采食牧草和青绿饲料,感染寄生虫不可避免.在我国集约化养猪场猪疥螨感染率在80%左右,猪蛔虫感染率在45%左右,感染蛔虫的仔猪,增重比正常仔猪低30%以上,     

库车市某规模化场驴蠕虫感染情况调查

为了解库车市某规模化场驴蠕虫感染情况,笔者采用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法检测该场171份驴新鲜粪便,检出3种蠕虫虫卵,总感染率为18.7%(32/171)。以马副蛔虫为优势感染虫种,感染率为14.6%(25/171);圆线虫和蛲虫感染率分别为4.1%(7/171)和0.5%(1/171);仅发现1份圆线虫和马副蛔虫混合感染。小于6月龄,7～12月龄和大于1岁的驴蠕虫感染率分别为26.1%(6/23)、33.3%(14/42)和11.3%(12/106),均以马副蛔虫为主要感染虫种。调查结果表明,该场幼龄驴蠕虫感染率较高,在养殖过程中应加强幼龄驴的饲养管理和驱虫工作。     

猪群驱虫药物的使用方法

<正>当前,规模化猪场不同程度感染寄生虫,据调查显示:食道口线虫感染率最高达到87%,蛔虫36%,后圆线虫25%等。在南方3个猪场调查,发现4477头猪中疥螨感染率达45.8%。由于疥螨导致过敏性瘙痒,引起猪采食量减少,部分仔猪变成僵猪。猪场发现有不同程度的蛔虫感染,不但消耗了大量的饲料,而且还造成仔猪移行性肺     

加强猪蛔虫病认识，提升疾病防控质量

猪蛔虫病常见于3～6月龄仔猪，一旦有猪感染蛔虫病，临床将出现明显的生长发育不良症状，严重危害生猪养殖业。文章在介绍蛔虫生活史、临床症状、病理剖检的基础上，就诊治进行汇总介绍，为加强猪蛔虫病认识，提升疾病防控质量，提供技术借鉴。     

Taenia solium cysticercosis: immunity in pigs induced by primary infection

The present study demonstrates that pigs experimentally infected with Taenia solium eggs develop resistance to reinfection that lasts at least five months. Thirteen 2-month-old piglets were infected with eggs of Taenia solium. After 5 months, two pigs were euthanized and five were challenged with eggs from a second tapeworm. Nine months after the first infection, six pigs were challenged with a third tapeworm. All 11 challenged pigs were euthanized 2 months after reinfection. In order to confirm the infectivity of the eggs, several piglets were inoculated with each taenia. Two of the five pigs reinfected after 5 months did not develop metacestodes, two showed few caseous non-infective forms and in the fifth pig, 14% of the metacestodes were vesicular and 86% colloidal and caseous. In the six animals challenged 9 months after the first infection, three were heavily infected with vesicular metacestodes and the other three showed only colloid and caseous forms in muscles. All parasites found in brains were vesicular. We conclude that immunity due to primary infection lasts at least 5 months. At 2 months of infection antigens of 24 and 39-42 kDa were the most frequently recognised. In those pigs with only a few caseous cysts in muscles and/or vesicular ones in brains no antibodies were detected.     

Response of young pigs to foot-and-mouth disease oil emulsion vaccination in the presence and absence of maternally derived neutralising antibodies

Serum samples and bodyweights were taken at regular intervals for six to seven months from piglets, born to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccinated or unvaccinated sows, which had been vaccinated at one, two, four or eight weeks old. Young pigs, devoid of maternally derived antibodies (MDA), were capable of responding to FMD vaccination at one week old, with no deleterious effects on their growth rate. However, their immunity to experimental infection at six to seven months old was poor (33.3 per cent). Vaccination of four or eight-week-old piglets, born to unvaccinated sows, protected 87.5 per cent from a similar challenge. In piglets, born to FMD vaccinated sows, the MDA had a suppressive effect on the early vaccination response. This suppression, which was affected by the titre of MDA present in the piglets at the time of vaccination, was complete in one-, two- and four-week-old piglets and partial in eight-week-old piglets. Furthermore, none of these piglets were immune to experimental infection at six to seven months old.     

猪胚胎移植技术研究

利用外源激素PMSG+HCG处理母猪58头,同期发情有效率和超排成功率分别为89.3％(25/28)和100％(30/30)。14头供体用手采集胚胎,平均每头排卵23.6±6.2个,共获得胚胎218枚,其中可利用胚胎206枚,胚胎可利用率为94.5％。将143枚胚胎移植给10头 受体,平均每头移植14.3±3.6枚,8头受体妊娠并产仔52头,移植妊娠率为80％(8/10),平均每头产仔6.5头,妊娠母猪胚胎存活产仔率为45.6％(总产仔数/胚胎移植总数)。仔猪初生平均体重为1.25±0.28公斤。其中12头供体手术冲卵后,第1个情期发情配种受胎率为91.8％(11/12)。     

互助县现代畜牧业生产发展现状和建议

畜牧业是新农村建设的萤要组成部分,加快农区畜牧业发展对于调整农业产业结构,发展农村经济,增加农民收入,加快新农村建设步伐,实现小康社会具有十分重要的意义。当前,随着社会主义市场经济的深入发展和西部大开发战略的有效实施,互助县畜牧业进入了一个新的发展时期,我们既面临着良好的发展条件和机遇,也面临着新的挑战和问题。为抓住机遇,实现畜牧业发展的新突破,推动新农村建设．提出以下建议和思路,以供参考。     

The pattern of endemic parvovirus infection in four pig herds

Serological surveys were conducted on the gilts and adult sows in 4 herds endemically infected with porcine parvovirus. The study assessed the influence of the type of management of breeders on the spread of virus infection and the influence of endemic parvovirus infection on reproductive parameters of the herd. The practice of holding gilts and sows in groups did not reliably promote infection or maintain a 100% level of active immunity amongst adult sows in 2 of 3 group husbandry herds. In the 4 herds, the prevalence of adult sows (greater than 12 months) with active immune haemagglutination inhibition titres (greater than or equal to 256) ranged between 44% and 100%, while between 0% and 100% of gilts (6 to 12 months of age) had active immune titres. Fully susceptible gilts older than 9 months of age held in groups, failed to become infected by 12 months of age on farms endemically infected with PPV. In 2 herds a continued low infection rate of gilts resulted in increasing the potential of breeding animals becoming susceptible to parvovirus infection as infected sows were replaced by noninfected gilts. In both herds, epidemics of parvovirus infection followed, which were characterised by an increase in reproductive failure. Parvovirus infection during the first 70 days of pregnancy reduced the average number of piglets born alive per litter by 1.6 piglets (p less than 0.05). This was due to the combined effect of more piglets being born dead per litter and an overall reduction in litter size.     

蝗虫微孢子虫在蝗群中的扩散规律及其复合剂的应用研究

青海草地应用NosemaLocustae灭蝗，隔代遗传及越年扩散传播性能很强，对蝗虫种群数量有极为理想的控制效果。在施药后二年、四年、六年、八年的防区测定表明，蝗虫虫口密度均在防治标准以下，防区外500米处≤4．55头／m2，1000米处≤5．40头／m2、2000米处≤10．07头／m2；N．L灭蝗面积在3333．3—13333．3hm2范围内，均可收到规模效益，对蝗虫有较高的感染率，防区外500米处为10—35％、1000米处为3—51％、2000米处为0—24．5％，且有施药年限越近、感染率越高的规律；N．L扩散距离和速率与防区气流活动强度、雨量、空气湿度呈正相关。在蝗虫高密度地区，N．L标准液7．5ml／hm2剂量与5％卡死克水悬液（IGR）75ml／hm2剂量按1：1隔带喷施，校正虫口减退率为75．01％，残虫感染率为89．67％；同一剂量，二者施用前混合后喷洒，校正虫口减退率为76．36％，残虫感染率为60％。同时N．L复合剂显示了对蝗蝻良好的滞育性能，秋末蝗虫残虫中尚有42—46％的蝗蝻因完不成发育阶段，丧失了生殖后代的能力。     

Research on Anthelmintic Effects of Rafoxanide on Six Months Old Yili Horses

This test was aimed to research the role of rafoxanide on anthelmintic effects in six months old Yili horses.Ten Yili male horses with same date of birth,body weight（117.60±15.84)kg and the horses of six months old were randomly divided into 2 groups,each group of 5 horses,control and trial groups,respectively.The horses in two groups were fed with the same nutritional levels of roughage and concentrate supplement.Horses of trial group were expelled passasite by rafoxanide,but control group had not treatment.After expelling passasite,and a 18-day feeding trials,the number of worm eggs output and species in each horses were calculated,and anthelmintic effects were evaluated.The results showed that we identified 9 species worm eggs,included Parascaris SP,Capillaria equouum,Cyathostomes,Triodontophorus tenuicollis,G. acgyptiacus,Strongyloides westeri,Dictyocaulus arnfieldi,Oxyuris equi and Paranoplace phala mamillana;on the 3rd day after expelling passasit, EPG was reached 13 500/g in fresh faeces;on the 6th day,the infection rate was 6.37%, the worm eggs reducing rate was 90.59%,the worm eggs flooding rate was 93.63%;On the 18th day, the infection rate was 13.33%,the worm eggs reducing rate was 71.91%,the worm eggs flooding rate was 86.67%.Therefore,there were more categories intestinal parasitic in six months old Yili horse in Xinjiang,rafoxanide had a good effect,and the effect of rafoxanide reduced after expelling passasite 18th day.     

碘醚柳胺对6月龄伊犁马驹驱虫效果的研究

试验旨在研究碘醚柳胺对6月龄伊犁马驹驱虫的效果。选取体重（117.60±15.84）kg、出生日期相近、在同一放牧草场放牧的6月龄伊犁马公马驹10匹,随机分为两组：对照组和试验组,每组5匹。两组马驹饲喂相同营养水平的粗饲料和精料补充料。试验组马匹用碘醚柳胺混悬液驱虫剂驱虫,对照组不进行驱虫。驱虫后,进行为期18 d的饲养试验,统计各组马驹粪便中虫卵排出的种类及数量并计算驱虫效果。结果表明,6月龄马驹粪便中共鉴别出9种虫卵,包括马副蛔虫、毛圆线虫、盅口线虫、细颈三齿线虫、埃及腹盘吸虫、韦氏类圆线虫、安氏网尾线虫、马蛲虫、侏儒副裸头绦虫;碘醚柳胺驱虫后第3天每克粪便的虫卵数（EPG）达到最高（13 500个/g）;驱虫后第6天,马驹寄生虫感染率降为6.37%,虫卵减少率为90.59%,转阴率为93.63%;驱虫后第18天,感染率降为13.33%,虫卵减少率为71.91%,转阴率为86.67%。结果表明,新疆昭苏马场6月龄马驹肠道寄生虫感染的种类较多,碘醚柳胺的驱虫效果在用药后的前6 d内最明显,用药后第18天药效减弱。     

猪瘟病毒持续感染对母猪繁殖性能及仔猪猪瘟疫苗免疫效力的影响

利用来源于同一猪场的2头猪瘟病毒(HCV)持续感染的带毒母猪及所产35头仔猪(包括13头死胎)和6头阴性对照猪,观察母猪的胎儿发育成活状况、仔猪HCV带毒率及HCV垂直传播对仔猪猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗(HCLV)免疫效力的干扰作用,同时进行水平传播试验和观察HCV持续感染对母猪繁殖功能的影响。结果表明：HCV持续感染对其中1头母猪的胎儿发育和成活有明显影响,而对另1头母猪的胎儿发育没有明显影响;HCV持续感染母猪可经过胎盘垂直传播病毒给仔猪,传播率达45％～86％;吃初乳和接种HCLV不能阻止带毒仔猪的死亡,9头带毒仔猪在45d内死亡4头;免疫HCLV不能使带毒仔猪产生免疫保护力。5头猪在强毒攻击后死亡4头;HCV垂直传播的带毒猪可发生水平传播,并引起3／4感染猪死亡;HCV持续感染可引起母猪生殖系统病理变化。导致繁殖障碍。     

党参多糖对仔猪生长性能、血清细胞因子及肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A含量的影响

本试验旨在研究党参多糖(CPP)对仔猪生长性能、血清细胞因子及肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIg A)含量的影响。选取1日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交仔猪60头(6窝),随机分为3组,每组2个重复,每个重复10头猪(公母各占1/2)。14日龄时开始试验,3组仔猪分别饲喂仔猪代乳料(对照组)、仔猪代乳料+1%党参多糖(低剂量组)、仔猪代乳料+2%党参多糖(高剂量组),所有仔猪21日龄断奶,试验期14 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)21日龄时,饲粮添加2%党参多糖极显著提高了仔猪的平均体重(P0.01);28日龄时,饲粮添加1%和2%党参多糖显著提高了仔猪的平均体重(P0.05)。22~28日龄时,饲粮添加2%党参多糖显著提高了仔猪的平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)(P0.05)。2)21日龄时,饲粮添加2%党参多糖显著提高了仔猪的血清γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量(P0.05);28日龄时,饲粮添加1%和2%党参多糖显著提高了仔猪的血清IL-2、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和IL-6含量(P0.05)。3)饲粮添加2%党参多糖极显著提高了仔猪的十二指肠、空肠和回肠黏膜SIg A含量(P0.01)。由此可见,饲粮添加1%和2%党参多糖能够改善仔猪的生长性能,提高血清细胞因子和肠黏膜SIg A含量,其中添加2%党参多糖的作用效果优于1%党参多糖。