免疫不同的IBD中等毒力活疫苗对ND(LaSota)疫苗体液免疫应答影响

维扬麻鸡150只分为5组(即Ⅰ-Ⅴ组).其中I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,对应用市售的A、B、C三种lBD中等毒力活疫苗进行两次免疫接种,Ⅳ组为ND免疫对照组,Ⅴ组为空白对照组,在IBD活疫苗二免后定期监测鸡群免疫ND(LaSota)疫苗后的HI抗体消长情况,以评价这3种IBD活疫苗对NDHI抗体产生的影响程度。结果发现,I组(免疫A疫苗)对NDV的HI抗体水平的影响最大,Ⅱ组(免疫B疫苗)对NDV的HI抗体水平的影响次之,Ⅲ组(免疫C疫苗)对NDV HI抗体水平的影响轻微。     

鸡新城疫、鸡传染性法氏囊病二联活疫苗安全性和免疫原性试验

本研究采用新城疫（ND）克隆-30株、传染性法氏囊病（IBD）CT株的含毒鸡胚体和尿囊液研制成二联活疫苗。用10个免疫剂量ND、IBD二联活疫苗免疫15日龄雏鸡，不引起ND和IBD临床症状，说明该苗安全可靠。ND、IBD二联活疫苗与ND、IBD单苗免疫对比试验，测定血清抗体结果，无显著差异，接种7-10日龄鸡，7天产生免疫力，14-21天达到高峰，一次免疫，免疫期2个月，保护率95%以上，从而能产生注射一次疫苗起到一针同时能防两种传染病，减少运输成本和应激的效果。现地应用已逾1亿羽份，获得良好的效果。     

不同IBD疫苗免疫后对新城疫疫苗免疫的影响

用 5种传染性法氏囊病 (IBD)商品疫苗和 1种中试产品 (NF8株 )免疫 7日龄SPF雏鸡和有IBD、新城疫 (ND)母源抗体的雏鸡。 1周后免疫新城疫ND疫苗 ,随后每周测定NDHI效价。在SPF鸡上的试验表明 ,5种IBD商品疫苗有 2种对ND免疫产生显著的持续的免疫抑制作用。在有IBD、ND母源抗体鸡上的试验表明 ,5种商品疫苗中仅有 1种对ND免疫产生 过性免疫抑制作用。NF8疫苗在SPF鸡及有IBD母源抗体鸡上对ND免疫均未产生明显的免疫抑制作用     

商品化鸡传染性法氏囊病活疫苗的免疫效果及其对鸡法氏囊的损伤研究

用市售的 3种中等毒力鸡传染性法氏囊病（infectious bursal disease, IBD）活疫苗分别免疫SPF鸡,9日龄首免,22日龄二免,并于二免后第2、9、21天,每组随机抽取5只,抽血测定IBD抗体,同时检查法氏囊的损伤情况。结果表明,3种中等毒力的IBD活疫苗对鸡法氏囊均会造成一定的损伤,但损伤程度有差异,且这种损伤在一定时期内可以恢复。3种中等毒力IBD活疫苗刺激鸡产生抗体的水平也存在差异。     

鸡新城疫、鸡传染性法氏囊病二联活疫苗的研究

采用新城疫(ND)、克隆-30株,传染性法氏囊病(IBD)CT株的含毒鸡胚胚体和尿囊液研制成二联活疫苗.用10个免疫剂量ND、IBD二联活疫苗免疫7～10日龄雏鸡,不引起ND和IBD临床症状,说明该苗安全可靠.ND、IBD二联活疫苗与ND、IBD单苗免疫对比试验,测定血清抗体结果,无显著差异,接种7～10日龄鸡,7天产生免疫力,14～21天达到高峰,一次免疫,免疫期2个月,保护率95%以上,从而能产生注射一次疫苗起到一针同时能防两种传染病,减少运输成本和应激的效果.现地应用已逾2亿羽份,获得良好的效果.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病疫苗对SPF鸡ND免疫效果的影响

通过免疫器官指数测定、IBD疫苗对ND免疫的效果影响以及IBD攻毒试验,对当前市场上常用IBD活疫苗进行免疫效力研究。结果显示A80、D78株毒力小,对法氏囊不造成损伤,对ND免疫无影响;B87株、KS96株毒力中等,对法氏囊有轻微的可恢复性损伤,对ND免疫影响较小;进口疫苗MB、2512株的毒力比较强,可以对法氏囊造成不可恢复性损伤,对ND免疫影响较大,有明显的抑制作用。IBDV强毒株攻毒后KS96株和MB株免疫组均有100%的保护率,其他疫苗也能达到60%以上的保护率。该研究为实际养殖中IBD疫苗的选择提供了实验数据和理论基础,具有一定的指导意义。     

鸡新城疫－传染性支气管炎－传染性法氏囊病三联灭活疫苗对不同日龄雏鸡的免疫效力研究

为评估鸡新城疫（ND）-传染性支气管炎（IB）-传染性法氏囊病（IBD）三联灭活疫苗对不同日龄和不同水平母源抗体雏鸡的免疫效力和持续期,本试验用该疫苗免疫7、14、21日龄SPF雏鸡和有母源抗体的普通雏鸡,免疫后采血测定ND血凝抑制抗体（HI Ab）、IB血凝抑制抗体（HI Ab）及IBD中和抗体（NA）,并用传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）强毒攻击。结果显示,7日龄SPF雏鸡免疫后21 d ND HI抗体、IB HI抗体及IBD中和抗体效价分别为7.9log2、6.9log2和14.1log2,SPF鸡日龄越大,抗体水平越高;28日龄SPF鸡免疫后3个月,0.3 mL免疫剂量组试验鸡ND HI、IB HI及IBD中和抗体效价分别达6.5log2、6.1log2和13.6log2,IBDV攻毒保护率均为100%（10/10）;不同日龄普通雏鸡免疫效果与SPF鸡试验一致,抗体水平随鸡日龄增大而升高,IBD攻毒保护率也都达到100%（10/10）。试验结果证实,鸡新城疫-传染性支气管炎-传染性法氏囊病三联灭活疫苗可使7、14及21日龄SPF雏鸡和普通雏鸡产生良好的免疫力,对雏鸡的免疫期至少为3个月。     

高免鸡群蛋黄液和鸡血清IBD及ND抗体水平的对比试验

在制备IBD和ND二联卵黄抗体以及在计划鸡群的IBD和ND免疫程序时,都需要对鸡体内的IBD及ND抗体水平进行监测。通过对一群鸡按一定免疫程序高免IBD疫苗和ND疫苗后,利用鸡所产鸡蛋卵黄液和相对应鸡的血清测定IBD琼扩(AGP)抗体效价和ND凝集抑制(HI)抗体效价的对比试验认为:用卵黄液测定的抗体效价与用鸡血清测定的抗体效价呈一致关系,完全可用鸡蛋卵黄液代替鸡血清进行鸡体内IBD和ND抗体水平的监测。现将试验结果报告如下:     

鸡传染性法氏囊病活疫苗(NF8株)生产工艺的参数优化

鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)是由传染性法氏囊病病毒引起的、主要侵害幼龄鸡的一种急性、高度接触性传染病。用于防治IBD的疫苗有活疫苗、灭活疫苗和其他疫苗。我国已经批准新兽药注册和进口注册的IBD活疫苗很多,包括低毒力株活疫苗、中等毒力株活疫苗和中等偏强毒力株活疫苗。中等毒力株活疫苗NF8株既具有一定毒力,可突破一定水平的母源抗体,又不引起法氏囊不可逆的损伤。在制苗用毒液的制备工艺环节中,由于毒种不同的稀释倍数、鸡胚不同的培养时间,对鸡胚死亡的高峰时间、收获单产结果都不同。为了得到更稳定的产品质量,适应大规模生产还需要进一步优化疫苗的生产工艺参数。     

甲硝唑对鸡传染性法氏囊病活疫苗免疫效果的影响

本研究观察了药物对传染性法氏囊病（IBD）活疫苗初次免疫和二次免疫的影响，结果显示高抗传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）母源抗体雏鸡IBD活疫苗初次免疫前应用10－100毫克／千克甲硝唑和10毫克／千克左旋咪唑，在免疫鸡血清抗IBDV抗体水平明显下降，甲硝唑用药鸡疫苗二次免疫后，血清抗IBDV抗体滴度明显高于未用药对照组。10毫克／千克左旋咪唑给药组疫苗二次免疫后鸡血清抗IBDV抗体滴度与未用药对照组无明显差别。     

4株鸡IBD活疫苗对鸡ND免疫抗体的影响

４株不同毒力鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）活疫苗,分别接种３０ｄＳＰＦ公维,４ｄ后再接种鸡新城（ＮＤ）Ｌａｓｏｔａ系活疫苗,同时每组捕杀５只,观察法氏囊损伤情况,另４组用同１天的ＳＰＦ公无接种ＮＤ－Ｌａｓｏｔｑ系疫苗４天后再接种不同毒力的ＩＢＤ疫苗。试验结果表明,４株ＩＢＤ活疫苗对雏鸡法氏囊不同程度损伤,并且对ＮＤ免疫抗体产生有明显抑制作用。     

几种法氏囊活疫苗对鸡法氏囊损伤及免疫抑制作用的比较

探讨了鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）活疫苗对鸡新城疫活苗免疫的影响。将四种ＩＢＤ活苗分别接种３０日龄ＳＰＦ公雏,４天后再免疫鸡新城疫ＬａＳｏｔａ系活疫苗,同时法氏囊损伤情况。试验结果表明,所选ＩＢＤ活疫苗对雏鸡法氏囊均有不同程度地损伤,并且诱导产生ＮＤ－ＨＩ抗体的时间被推迟。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病活疫苗（B87株 CA株 CF株）安全性及免疫效果评价

通过观察疫苗免疫后鸡群的生长情况和临床症状,检测免疫后不同时期鸡群的ELISA抗体水平和攻毒保护率以及对鸡新城疫（ND）疫苗免疫后不同时间鸡群的HI抗体水平,评价和检测鸡传染性法氏囊病活疫苗（B87株 CA株 CF株）在石家庄地区临床应用的安全性、免疫效果、免疫持续期以及是否会产生免疫抑制。结果表明,试验疫苗接种蛋鸡和肉鸡后,均没有观察到因疫苗引起的不良反应,对蛋鸡和肉鸡均安全。疫苗接种蛋鸡后14 d、28 d、42 d、60 d和90 d,接种肉鸡后14 d、21 d、36 d攻毒保护率均达80%以上;商品蛋鸡接种疫苗后90 d其ELISA抗体水平仍高达6500以上。ND HI抗体检测结果表明,试验疫苗接种后对ND疫苗的免疫应答无显著影响,不引起免疫抑制。结论：试验疫苗安全、有效,质量稳定,适用于预防鸡传染性法氏囊病。     

Immune responses of breeding chickens to trivalent oil emulsion vaccines: responses to Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease

Bivalent Newcastle disease (ND)/infectious bursal disease (IBD) and trivalent ND/IBD/infectious bronchitis (IB) inactivated oil emulsion vaccines were prepared in the laboratory and evaluated under field conditions. Broiler breeder parent chickens previously vaccinated with live vaccines were inoculated with commercial monovalent ND and experimental bivalent or trivalent oil emulsion vaccines. The commercial vaccine induced a higher initial ND haemagglutination inhibition (HI) response than the experimental vaccines but, by 34 weeks after vaccination, the mean ND HI levels were not significantly different in any of the three flocks. All three vaccines provided sufficient ND immunity to protect against the clinical disease and egg production losses. The IBD responses of both flocks vaccinated with oil emulsion vaccine were similar to each other and only slightly lower than those flocks vaccinated with monovalent IBD oil emulsion vaccine in earlier experiments. Six weeks after vaccination, sufficient immunity was transferred to protect all the progeny against IBD challenge up to 33 days of age and some of them up to 45 days of age. Thirty-four weeks after vaccination of the parents with oil emulsion vaccine, the progeny were totally immune up to 27 days of age and some of them were immune until 37 days. Application of oil emulsion vaccines in bivalent or trivalent form did not impair the responses of the chickens to the monovalent components.     

鸡新城疫、传染性法氏囊病二联活疫苗和单苗研究

用实验室研制的鸡新城疫(La Sota株),鸡传染性法氏囊病(NF8株)单苗和二联活疫苗分别免疫7日龄SPF鸡以及有母源抗体的雏鸡研究其免疫效力。结果表明:用二联活疫苗免疫SPF雏鸡后,NF8株与La Sota株间不产生明显的相互干扰作用,攻毒保护率与各自的单苗相比无明显差异。用二联活疫苗免疫有母源抗体的雏鸡后,只进行一次免疫,新城疫免疫效果较好,但法氏囊免疫效果稍差,不能完全保护;一免后10天再进行第二次加强免疫,其抗体水平、攻毒后的保护率与各自的单苗相比无明显差异,具有完全保护效力。     

Immune responses of breeding chickens to trivalent oil emulsion vaccines: responses to infectious bronchitis

Three similar flocks of broiler breeder parent chickens that had been given live infections bronchitis (IB) vaccines during rearing were injected at 20 weeks of age with three different oil emulsion vaccines: a commercial monovalent Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine (flock A); an experimental bivalent vaccine containing ND and infectious bursal disease (IBD) components (flock B); and an experimental trivalent vaccine containing ND, IBD and IB components (flock C). One week after vaccination 40 hens from flock A and 40 from flock C were taken to the laboratory and their egg yields individually recorded. At 37 weeks of age they were challenged by aerosol exposure to virulent IB virus. The egg production dropped significantly in the hens from flock A but not in the hens from flock C. On the farm, flock C showed a higher mean IB virus antibody titre four weeks after vaccination but titres rose in all three flocks indicating the presence of active IB virus infection. No differences in egg yields were found between the three farm flocks.     

Vaccination of day-old broiler chicks against Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease using commercial live and/or inactivated vaccines

Day-old broilers were administered live and/or inactivated vaccines to assess vaccine efficacy against challenge with Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bursal disease (IBD). Chicks were from commercial breeder pullets vaccinated against ND and IBD using several live vaccine primers followed by an inactivated ND-IBD vaccine at 18 weeks. The most efficacious initial ND-IBD vaccination program was live ND virus by eye drop and live IBD vaccine injected subcutaneously (SQ) followed 2 hours later with inactivated ND-IBD vaccine SQ. The next two most efficacious programs were live vaccine alone and the inactivated vaccine only. Inactivated vaccine given SQ had no adverse effect on live IBD vaccine given 2 hours earlier in a similar site. Administration of inactivated vaccine by vent was not as efficacious as administration SQ. A booster of a second live ND-IBD vaccine drinking water at 18 days significantly increased levels of circulating antibody, regardless of the initial vaccination program.     

鸡新城疫和传染性法氏囊病灭活疫苗抗原量对鸡细胞免疫的影响

将不同抗原含量的鸡新城疫和传染性法氏囊病油乳剂灭活疫苗分别免疫１７日龄雏鸡，测定了疫苗抗原含量与细胞免疫应答之间的关系。经Ｔ淋巴细胞转化试验结果表明，两种疫苗的抗原含量－细胞免疫应答曲线是一致的，随着抗原量的增加，活化的Ｔ淋巴细胞数量也相应增多，但是细胞免疫应答的可测时间是暂时的，于免疫７天达高峰，１７天后下降接近正常水平。     

Antibody responses in ostriches (Struthio camelus) vaccinated with commercial live and killed Newcastle disease vaccines

Three ostriches (Struthio camelus) were immunized with commercially available live and killed Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines for chickens and the antibody responses to the ND vaccines were evaluated by a virus-neutralization (VN) test. Primary vaccination with the live vaccine, B1, by eye drop was followed with two shots of alum-precipitated killed vaccine via subcutaneous injection in the neck. As a final booster, another live vaccine, Clone 30, was used by eye drop. A VN antibody titer, more than 1:10 was observed for 6 months. This is the first report on the use of a live vaccine by eye drop as a booster in ostriches as well as evaluating responses to ND vaccines using the VN test in this avian species.