管道机器人自适应变径设计

为了研究黄土致灾机理特此研发孔洞机器人作为协同探测系统的运载平台,但针对黄土孔洞这种特殊的管道,对黄土孔径变化的自适应是实现机器人自适应行走的重要组成部分,该管道机器人采用丝杠螺母式变径机构,笔者提出了一种基于压力反馈式闭环控制的自适应变径控制方案,采用STM32周期性控制步进电机的运动状态,带动变径连杆产生角位移以实现管道机器人的变径功能。     

基于S7—200全喂入联合收割机行走速度自调整系统研究

为提高联合收割机生产效率及降低故障触发率的要求,设计一套基于PLC控制的联合收割机行走速度自调整控制系统。本系统以Simens S7—200系列PLC为控制核心,监测传感器所采集的脱粒滚筒轴、籽粒搅龙轴等转速信号,以及收割机行走车速驱动电机的传动扭矩信号,作为影响收割机行走速度的各项因素;经综合判断后,输出相应的步进电机动作,调控收割机行走速度以达到最优状态,同时可实时处理过载减速、杂物堵转等各类突发状况。实验结果表明,该系统所采用的模糊控制技术能够依据所检测的力矩、转速等信号快速给出判断结果并输出动作,在高速作业同时可处理多种突发状况,系统具有较强的实时性与高可靠性。     

基于单片机的步进电机系统设计方法探究

单片机是步进电机系统的重要组成部分,对于步进电机系统的驱动控制具有重要的影响。通过分析步进电机系统的工作原理,对步进电机系统进行规划设置。达到降低步进电机的使用成本,提高步进电机的效率与性能的效果。文章主要探讨基于单片机的步进电机系统设计方法。     

履带式运动平台控制系统的设计

本文针对传统的履带机器人运动平台,设计了一套履带机器人运动控制系统。以Freescale公司的MC9S12DG128为核心控制器件,通过超声波和红外传感器实现避障,通过两个步进电机控制机器人运动轨迹,在遇到障碍物的时候,能够自主选择最佳行走路线,实现避障功能。     

仿形进阶式天然橡胶自动割胶机设计与试验

为解决我国天然橡胶割胶工作强度高、技术难度大及割胶工紧缺等问题,本文设计一种仿形进阶式天然橡胶割胶机,通过分析割胶轨迹得到割胶轨迹方程,设计采用丝杠传动实现竖直运动和圆柱齿轮啮合传动实现椭圆运动的复合运动为割胶运动方式。工作时,整机通过可调式捆绑机构固定于橡胶树上;利用Arduino开发板控制电机的动作顺序,采用直流推杆控制割胶机进刀退刀动作,采用减速步进电机完成割胶机复合割胶运动,采用步进电机完成移位动作。为验证该机性能,利用Design-Expert软件设计并进行林间试验。结果表明：当割胶机在减速步进电机转速21 r/min、刀具角度25°和拉簧预紧力20 N时,割胶质量最佳且耗电量最低,前5 min排胶量为6.29 mL、平均耗电量为1.07 W·h,满足设计要求。     

箱式农作物搬运机器人的设计

为实现农业生产管理的智能化,设计一种在仓储物流中搬运箱式农作物的机器人。以西门子1200型PLC为核心搭建机器人运动控制系统,由带编码器的直流减速电机驱动机器人行走,选用步进电机驱动机器人各关节运动,通过蓝牙建立手机APP软件与机器人的交互,利用安装在机器人前端的传感器完成寻迹、避障和定位,最优化分析该机器人在运行速度、轨道宽度、地面粗糙度等方面的影响。试验表明:在光滑和粗糙地面上,分别以每4 000脉冲和6 000脉冲为单位运行时定位最准;而机器人在运行速度为5 m/min、直线方向轨道宽度为20 mm时,偏离度为8 mm;运行速度为5 m/min、转弯方向轨道宽度为30 mm时,偏离度为10 mm,此时机器人运行稳定性最高。     

油气管道检测及清洁机器人的可靠性分析

管道机器人广泛应用于油气管道的检查、清洗等工作,而管道内部环境十分恶劣,严重影响了管道机器人的使用寿命和工作效率,因此有必要进行相应的可靠性分析。针对管道机器人可靠性问题,以多功能管道机器人为研究对象,首先介绍了该机器人的核心结构和各个装置的功能;然后利用危害度分析(FMECA),发现管道机器人的电机、电池、摄像头、涡流检测装置等容易产生Ⅱ类严酷度故障;最后,通过对Ⅱ类严酷度故障的故障树分析(FTA),发现Ⅱ类严酷度故障中摄像头最容易产生相应故障,给出了相应检查方式和改进措施。为其他管道机器人的设计提供参考。     

基于STM32的步进电机定位控制系统研究

基于步进电机网络化运动控制系统可以实现加速器两种工作模式的切换。带高进度编码器可以实现步进电机驱动转换,从而完成不同工作设备的切换操作。文章主要对基于步进电机网络化运动控制系统的设计原理进行分析,并在此基础上,提出了基于步进电机网络化运动控制系统的设计方案。     

温室移动机器人系统闭环控制的实现

为了实现温室移动机器人多路信息的闭环控制,采用了DSP(TMS320LF2407)的事件管理器产生PWM输出和正交编码脉冲(QEP)电路,实现了机器人驱动轮电机和导向轮及视觉云台扫描电机速度与位置的闭环控制,使控制器能自动分配各电机运动方式(方向、速度、角度),机器人本体和视觉云台进行相应的动作。     

基于焊接考评工装的设计与实现

为了节省考评时间,更加高效地进行考评,文章分析了考评系统触摸屏的操作界面,通过Soiderworks软件进行机械结构的设计,并通过伺服电机、步进电机、触摸屏实现焊接考评要求动作。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。