沙皮犬肠道蠕虫感染情况调查

对广东省南海市的68只沙皮犬进行了肠道寄生虫调查，采取粪便检查和对病死犬剖检。结果检出绦虫2种：即细粒棘球绦虫和复孔绦虫；检出线虫6种：即犬弓首线虫、犬钩虫、狮弓首蛔虫、巴西钩口线虫、犬鞭虫和犬胃线虫；吸虫1种：即抱茎棘隙吸虫。其中寄生于沙皮犬肠道优势种为犬复孔绦虫、犬钩虫和犬弓首线虫。     

犬猫常见寄生虫病及防治药物

寄生虫病是犬猫的常见疾病,体内外寄生虫会不同程度夺取犬猫营养,损害组织细胞,分泌毒素,影响其生长发育及健康,有些犬猫寄生虫病也威胁着人类。1常见寄生虫病1.1体外寄生虫病犬猫常见的体外寄生虫病包括虱病、蚤病、蜱虫病、螨虫病,外寄生虫感染很大程度上是饲养管理不善、生活环境差等原因造成的。虱、蚤、蜱虫、螨虫主要对犬猫皮肤产生机械性刺激,如叮咬皮肤,在皮下挖掘隧道、繁殖,引起瘙痒,进而导致犬猫搔抓皮肤,引起出血、结痂甚至感染。有些外寄生虫,如虱、蚤、蜱虫还会吸食犬猫血液,导致其贫血,甚至死亡,或作为中间宿主传播血液寄生虫病,如犬巴贝斯虫病。     

南海市沙皮犬肠道寄生虫的调查

对广东省南海市的69只沙皮犬进行了肠道寄生虫调查。采用粪便检查法，检出虫卵9种，其中绦虫2种（细粒棘球绦虫和复孔绦虫）；线虫6种（犬弓首蛔虫、犬钩虫、狮蛔虫、巴西钩口线虫、犬鞭虫和犬胃线虫）；吸虫1种（抱茎隙吸虫）。检出优势种为犬复孔绦虫，犬钩虫，犬弓首蛔虫，是驱虫的主要对象。     

沙皮母犬常见繁殖障碍性疾病的诊治

沙皮犬原产于我国广东省南海市大沥镇 ,因全身皮肤厚而柔韧 ,多皱褶 ,被毛粗短 ,硬似沙纸而得名 ,并被列为世界珍贵中型犬种之一。沙皮犬相貌丑陋 ,但机警灵活 ,勇猛善斗 ,过去常被作为玩赏犬、伴侣犬和护卫犬。南海市为中国沙皮犬主要饲养繁殖基地 ,但沙皮犬的养殖多为散养 ,养犬户对犬饲养管理粗放 ,使繁殖障碍在各个饲养场的沙皮母犬中普遍存在 ,病犬常因得不到正确有效和及时诊疗丧失了繁殖能力而遭淘汰。本文对临床常见沙皮犬繁殖障碍性疾病的发生原因、鉴别诊断和防治进行了科学分析与总结 ,为有效诊治沙皮犬各类繁殖障碍性疾病 ,最大…     

西安某藏獒犬场肠道寄生虫感染调查

随着西安地区藏獒犬数量的增多,犬寄生虫感染日趋严重,消化道寄生虫为许多犬场感染率较高的常见寄生虫,引起藏獒犬消瘦、贫血、生长发育受阻,机体抗病力降低,且易诱发其他疾病,延长病程,严重者导致犬的死亡.犬也是多种人兽共患寄生虫病病原的中间宿主和终末宿主,犬寄生虫可危害到人的健康,其危害性往往易被人们所忽视.本文针对西安地区某藏獒犬场寄生虫的种类、感染率等情况进行了检测调查,为制定针对性的肠道寄生虫病防治方案提供依据.     

浅析动物寄生虫病的防治

正寄生虫病是由体内或体外寄生虫感染引起的疾病,有些寄生虫病的宿主是一种动物,有些寄生虫病的宿主是多种动物,有些寄生虫病还可感染人,即人畜共患寄生虫病。一、寄生虫病的危害1.损伤宿主的器官和组织。寄生虫在动物体内或体外寄生时,均会对相应器官、组织造成机械性损伤,并使其功能降低。一般体外寄生虫损害动物皮毛,体内寄生虫损害机体内部脏器。     

家兔豆状囊尾蚴病和弓形虫病防治

1 兔豆状囊尾蚴病兔豆状囊尾蚴病是由豆状带绦虫的幼虫寄生于家兔体内引起的一种寄生虫病。本病的流行需要犬等肉食动物作为终末宿主,一般在养犬的养殖场较为多发。1.1 流行病学 兔豆状囊尾蚴病呈世界性分布,在我国家兔主产区都有不同程度的感染。犬、猫等肉食动物是本病的终末宿主,而兔是本病的中间宿主。主要传播方式为消化道,感染成虫的犬、猫通过粪便排出虫卵孕节或虫卵污染饲料、饲草、饮水等,家兔通过食入这些被污染的饲草、饮水而感染发病。     

巴贝斯引起犬晶体混浊1例

犬血液原虫病是对犬危害仅次于病毒性传染病的一种虫媒性、严重危害犬体健康的一类寄生虫病。该病在国内早有报道,中间宿主为蜱,春夏秋季节为该病的高发期。近些年来,该病不断出现上升趋势。由于警犬训练和使用的特殊性,接触较为复杂的环境,感染此病机会较大。     

永州地区犬消化道寄生虫感染情况调查

随着人们生活水平的提高,犬作为宠物与人们的接触越来越密切,由于犬是多种人兽共患寄生虫病病原的中间宿主和终末宿主,与宠物密切接触会使人体健康和生命安全受到严重威胁。为了保护人畜健康,进一步研究制定防治措施。同时也为了解永州市犬只感染寄生虫的情况,为临床疾病诊断、驱虫     

牛羊寄生虫病的诊断及治疗方法

<正>牛羊感染寄生虫多数与养殖环境有关系,养殖环境是寄生虫传播的中介,某些吸血昆虫是寄生虫病的传播媒介。寄生虫病感染不利于牛羊的健康生长,还会给养殖人员造成较大的经济损失,所以养殖人员要重视寄生虫病的防治。在科学制定寄生虫病防治对策之前,需要对牛羊寄生虫病有个基本了解。牛羊常见的寄生虫病类型较多,如蠕虫病、焦虫病、外寄生虫病等,这些寄生虫病会给牛羊的生长造成较大影响。寄生虫属于一种动物,会暂时或永久寄生在宿主体内或体外,通过寄生达到获取营养的目的,寄生虫可直接吸取牛羊生长所需的营养,使牛羊生长因所需的营养减少而消瘦。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.