Crosses between Hordeum vulgare L. and H. bulbosum L. I. Production,morphology and meiosis of hybrids,haploids and dihaploids

Summary From crosses between diploid and autotetraploid cytotypes of Hordeum vulgare L. (cultivated barley) and H. bulbosum L. (bulbous barley grass) diploid, triploid and tetraploid interspecific hybrids were produced. Both directly and after vegetative segregation crosses in either direction also gave rise to haploids and dihaploids resembling H. vulgare. The use of embryo culture was necessary. Plant morphology of the hybrids was much like that of H. bulbosum, although the hybrid plants were less vigorous. Meiosis in the hybrids was more or less disturbed, and this seemed to be the main cause of the high level of sterility.     

Immigration and settlement pattern of Paralichthys dentatus and P. lethostigma in an estuarine nursery ground,North Carolina,U.S.A.

Immigration and settlement pattern of 0-group summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) and southern flounder (P. lethostigma) in an estuarine nursery are described. Flounders entering the estuary were transforming larvae. Despite their sympatric occurrence during larval immigration, the two species were found concentrated in different habitats. Sampling along transects within the estuary indicated that newly settled southern flounder were concentrated on tidal flats towards the head of the estuary while greatest numbers of summer flounder were captured on tidal flats in the middle reach of the system. Logistic regression analysis of presence/absence data indicated that salinity affected the distribution of southern flounder while substrate type was an important factor affecting the distribution of summer flounder. Numbers of both species on tidal flats declined in the spring, southern flounder appeared to move upstream to oligohaline riverine habitat and summer flounder appeared to move to high salinity salt marsh habitat. The segregated distribution apparent in juveniles is largely established during the immigration period. Differences in settling behaviour and subsequent movement and/or differential mortality occurring during settlement, appear important in determining the observed distribution of juvenile summer and southern flounder.     

The Effects of Universities on Local Retail,Service, and F.I.R.E. Employment: Some Cross-Sectional Evidence

This article examines the question of whether the traditional view of a complementary relationship between universities and local businesses is still appropriate or whether auxiliary activities and other competitive elements have changed this relationship. Cross-sectional data on over 3100 counties and 3300 institutions are used to analyze the effects of university enrollment and auxiliary activities on county-level employment in the retail, financial, and service sectors. Findings indicate that the negative effects of university auxiliary activities are confined to relatively small counties, are small in magnitude, and are more than offset by the positive effects of spending by universities and students. The overall impact is positive, is more pronounced in more populous counties, and has increased over time.     

海岛棉A亚组和草棉及阿非利加棉单染色体鉴定

 以1套13个陆地棉A亚组染色体特异的BAC克隆为探针, 与海岛棉Pima90-53、红星草棉和阿非利加棉染色体进行荧光原位杂交。这些探针均在染色体上产生了特异信号,从而鉴别了这3个棉种基因组的单染色体。因此,这套BAC克隆也可以作为这3个基因组染色体的细胞遗传学标记。在此基础上,对3个棉种的A（亚）组染色体物理序号进行了命名。根据这些分子标记和连锁群的关系,染色体物理序号和遗传连锁图谱间可实现相互转化。这将有助于研究棉属不同棉种间的起源演化关系,以及新的遗传标记的染色体物理定位和构建染色体物理图谱等。     

Bph15在非洲栽培稻、药用野生稻和宽叶野生稻中的BAC-FISH比较物理定位

用覆盖抗褐飞虱基因Bph15的两个BAC克隆,即20M14 (27 kb)和64O9 (36 kb)作为探针,对非洲栽培稻、药用野生稻和宽叶野生稻体细胞染色体进行荧光原位杂交(FISH)。两个BAC克隆均被定位于非洲栽培稻和药用野生稻第4染色体的短臂上,杂交信号的百分距离分别为37.03±4.11和81.22±3.62,相应的信号检出率为41.18%和38.22%。在宽叶野生稻中,有两对同源染色体同时检出信号,分别定位于染色体的短臂和着丝粒区,信号距着丝粒平均百分距离分别为87.78±5.23和0,信号检出率为52.58%。由此推知,这两个BAC克隆在非洲栽培稻和药用野生稻的第4染色体分布同线且同区,并且在宽叶野生稻的DD基因组也存在Bph15基因的同源序列。在未封阻的情况下,BAC克隆在非洲栽培稻的多条染色体上有杂交信号,表明它和栽培稻C_0t-1 DNA在一定程度上具有同源性。上述结果初步显示Bph15在3个稻种染色体中的相对位置。文章讨论了Bph15在3个种间的关系,为有效分离和利用Bph15基因提供了有益的依据,对不同基因组及二倍体和四倍体中功能基因可能进化机制的分析提供了线索。