不结球白菜异源胞质雄性不育系的选育与育性稳定性研究

以甘蓝型油菜(BrassicanapusL.)玻里玛(Polima)为不育胞质供体,不结球白菜(BrassicacapmestrisL.ssp.ChinensisMakino)为受体,通过种间远缘杂交,经过连续回交和选择,育成了3份不育株率100%的具有甘蓝型油菜不育细胞质的不结球白菜异源胞质雄性不育系和相应的保持系。其中不育系19302A育性不易受温度等因素的影响,不同播种期处理下育性较稳定。其他不育系的育性在不同播期处理中育性不稳定,其育性受环境(温度)的影响,但结合不同的采种方法可克服部分玻里玛异源胞质不结球白菜雄性不育系育性不稳定的缺点。     

报刊摘录

Ogura不育源不结球白菜雄性不育系转育研究”通过成果鉴定由苏州市蔬菜种子公司和苏州市蔬菜研究所承担的“Ogura不育源不结球白菜雄性不育系转育研究”于2001年12月25日通过了江苏省科技厅主持的成果鉴定,该项研究成果达到国际先进水平。该研究是将Ogura萝卜胞质不育源转育到不结球白菜品种香青菜后,其植株继续保持了不育率和不育度为100%,雄蕊退化成花瓣,无花丝,无花药,无花粉,并且成功地解决了Ogura不育源不育系植株在低温条件下的黄化和蜜腺退化等缺陷,并具有稳定的遗传性,在自然授粉条件下制得优良杂交种子。经多代回交转育,其杂种后…     

南京农业大学园艺学院蔬菜学科近年科研进展

●ＯｇｕＣＭＳ(萝卜胞质雄性不育 )下胚轴原生质体核失活和保持系子叶原生质体线粒体失活研究取得了突破性进展。原生质体非对称电融合获得不结球白菜胞质杂种 ,该研究已申报国家发明专利。●对不结球白菜非对称细胞融合获得的再生植株后代ＺＳ6(Ａ) 10 的植株进行田间和实验室鉴定表明 ,该材料的不育率、不育度均为 10 0 % ,低温下苗期叶片不黄化 ,并有 4个较发达的蜜腺 ,自然条件下结实率与保持系相同 ,并极显著高于原不育材料 ;细胞核染色体为 2ｎ =2 0 ,与保持系相同 ;胚根和子叶的ＰＯＤ同工酶与保持系和原不育系差异显著 ,ＥＳＴ同工…     

青麻叶结球白菜雄性不育系的转育

 利用核型雄性不育系3A 作为不育源, 以青麻叶材料黑227 为目标亲本, 经过杂交、自交、兄妹交、测交等转育手段, 将雄性不育基因转育到青麻叶结球白菜上, 获得了青麻叶类型雄性不育系S10 , 其不育株率和不育度均为100 % , 蜜腺正常, 结籽正常, 农艺性状与青麻叶类型结球白菜基本相同。对育成的雄性不育系S10 进行了配合力测定, 并对所配组合做了品比试验。     

灌溉方式对温室不结球白菜矿质元素吸收及品质的影响

为探究不同灌溉方式对不结球白菜矿质元素吸收和品质的影响,以"春油5号"为试验材料,在温室内设置畦灌、微喷带、膜上畦灌、膜下微喷4个灌溉方式,比较分析不同处理不结球白菜的可溶性糖、维生素C及纤维素含量等品质指标和氮、磷、钾素含量。结果表明:膜下微喷、膜上畦灌能促进不结球白菜地上部和地下部的生长,并促进不结球白菜对氮、磷、钾素的吸收利用,改善不结球白菜品质。其中膜下微喷与畦灌相比,温室不结球白菜可溶性糖、维生素C含量分别显著提高48.55%、63.55%,外叶柄中纤维素含量显著降低22.32%。膜下微喷处理最有利于提高不结球白菜的品质和营养元素的吸收。     

海藻酸对不结球白菜生长及钾素吸收利用的影响

本试验以海藻酸为钾肥增效剂,通过不结球白菜盆栽试验验证了海藻酸添加量(0～5%)对钾肥的影响,为海藻酸增效钾肥的配方开发提供依据。结果发现,与普通氯化钾相比,当海藻酸增效剂添加量为0%～3.8%时,海藻酸增效钾肥处理,不结球白菜产量提高2.12%～14.5 9%,钾肥利用率提高5.76%～15.37%;不结球白菜根系的根长、根表面积和根体积分别增加3.08%～27.66%、7.80%～27.36%和11.90%～29.67%。试验还发现添加适量的海藻酸增效剂在氯化钾中具有良好的增效效果,可提高不结球白菜产量,促进养分吸收及根系生长,且随着增效剂添加量的增加,不结球白菜产量、钾肥利用率及根系的根长、表面积、体积均呈现先增加后降低趋势,当增效剂添加量为0.8%～1.2%时效果最好。     

春大白菜新品种青研春白1号

青研春白1号母本A29为选自地方品种黑龙江二牛心的雄性不育系,1997年以不结球白菜波里马胞质雄性不育系A3(南京农业大学园艺学院白菜组提供)为不育源,以大白菜自交系二牛心96-s小混-4s为转育父本,经杂交转育及多代不育性及经济性状选择,2003年育成不育系A29,其相应保持系     

水培绿叶菜综合品质模型参数变化规律研究

为探讨不同栽培月份对生菜、不结球白菜综合品质的影响,并建立对应生长周期的综合品质模型,作者开展了相关试验。试验结果表明,生菜3个主成分与不结球白菜2个主成分的累计贡献率分别为72.903%和62.220%,可用于建立模型以评价两者的品质状况;与不结球白菜相比,生菜综合品质模型随季节变化差异较明显,但两者均可以月份为自变量建立三次方程模型。通过拟合各项模型参数数据对参数的变化规律进行分析,结合基本模型框架与各参数变异模型,即可对不同月份与生长天数生菜、不结球白菜的综合品质进行模拟预测。     

光合细菌对不结球白菜生长发育和品质的影响

对光合细菌在促进不结球白菜生长发育和品质提升中的作用进行研究,结果表明,光合细菌处理可明显促进不结球白菜的生长发育。与对照相比,不结球白菜株高、叶面积、单株产量和叶片总叶绿素含量分别增加了37.35%、45.97%、57.06%和66.5%;提高了不结球白菜的品质,光合细菌处理的植株可溶性糖和Vc含量分别比对照提高了39.06%和19.73%,硝酸盐含量降低26.29%。可以看出光合细菌可明显促进不结球白菜的生长发育和品质的提升。     

NaCl单盐胁迫对不结球白菜叶片光合特性的影响

为探讨NaCl胁迫对不结球白菜光合特性的影响,以不结球白菜‘苏州青’为试材,采用营养液水培的方法,研究了不同浓度NaCl(0,50,100,150,200mmol·L~(-1))对不结球白菜幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、光合参数、荧光参数的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫降低了不结球白菜叶片中光合色素含量;使不结球白菜的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、最大光化学效率显著下降;PSⅡ有效光化学量子产量(Yield)、电子传递效率(ETR)、水分利用效率(WUE)、胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)呈下降趋势,非光化学猝灭系数(qN)呈上升趋势。其中100mmol·L~(-1)的NaCl浓度对不结球白菜的抑制程度最大,这表明盐胁迫能显著影响不结球白菜的相关光合指标,且随着NaCl浓度的增加,不结球白菜受到的胁迫损伤不断加重。     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.