不同贮藏条件下油菜种子的水分变化规律

正1材料与方法1.1试验材料和试验设计试验材料为淮油20油菜种子。试验设种子初始水分、贮藏温度和贮藏相对湿度3个处理。初始水分设低水(4.6%)、中水(8%)和高水(12%)3个水平;贮藏温度设低温(-20℃)、中温(4℃)和高温(20℃)3个水平;贮藏相对湿度设干燥(RH0%)、低湿(RH25%)、较低湿(RH50%)、中湿(RH75%)和高湿(RH100%)5个水平。贮藏温度用恒温箱和冰箱来控制;相对湿度用不同浓度的硫酸溶液来控制。测定不同贮藏条件下种子水分变化规律。     

包装与运输方式对常温贮藏青椒品质的影响

以青椒(麻辣四号)为试材,采用不同包装(普通纸箱、瓦楞纸箱、微孔保鲜膜)、不同运输车辆(厢式半封闭货车、普通货车)及0.5μL/L 1-MCP共6种组合方式处理,青椒经6 h公路运输后(厢式半封闭货车温度18~24℃、相对湿度70%~80%;普通货车温度18~24℃、相对湿度50%~60%),贮于常温条件下(温度18~22℃、相对湿度80%~85%)12 d,研究不同包装与运输方式对常温贮藏青椒品质的影响。结果表明,经0.5μL/L 1-MCP处理、采用5层瓦楞纸箱内衬微孔保鲜膜包装、用厢式半封闭货车运输的处理,能保持青椒较高的果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量,降低失重率与呼吸强度,抑制丙二醛含量的增加,延缓膜脂过氧化进程,延长贮藏期,保鲜效果显著。     

种翅及贮藏温度对木地肤种子萌发和寿命的影响

为了研究种翅和贮藏温度对木地肤(Kochia prostrata)种子萌发和种子寿命的影响,试验将收获的种子置于黑暗条件下,采用常温、冷藏(-18℃)分别贮藏3个月、6个月、9个月、12个月、15个月,然后测定种子发芽率。结果表明,贮藏15个月后,常温贮藏去翅种比有翅种发芽率高13.44%;冷藏条件去翅种发芽率比有翅种高14.67%;-18℃贮藏15个月后,冷藏去翅种比常温贮藏去翅种发芽率高45.33%;冷藏有翅种比常温贮藏有翅种发芽率高44.00%。说明种翅抑制种子萌发,冷藏木地肤种子可延缓其生理衰退,延长种子寿命。     

不同贮藏条件对梓树属不同单株种子发芽的影响

种子生活力受贮藏条件的影响。通过对在常温常湿、常温干燥器、4℃冰箱储藏、-20℃冰箱储藏4个贮藏条件下存放1年的梓树属(Catatpa Scop.)3个种14个单株种子进行发芽试验。结果表明:梓树属13个单株种子发芽率在常温干燥器贮藏的种子平均发芽率最高,黄金树、梓树的平均发芽分别为76.68%和75.55%。在常温常湿、4℃冰箱储藏和-20℃冰箱储藏条件下,黄金树的7个单株种子平均发芽率分别为45.34%、67.68%和67.57%;梓树的5个单株种子平均发芽率分别为65.4%、63.35%和63.85%;滇楸发芽率都低,只有在4℃冰箱储藏和-20℃冰箱储藏下,平均发芽率分别达0.8%和57.5%。由此表明,种子贮藏时,水分条件对种子发芽率的影响相对大于低温条件。种内不同单株自然发芽率有差异,不同单株耐储性对储藏条件的反应有差异。     

贮藏环境对杏鲍菇失水和感官品质的影响

通过模拟室温和冷藏环境,研究了杏鲍菇在不同相对湿度条件下失重率及感官品质的变化规律。结果表明,室温(25℃)贮藏时,杏鲍菇在低相对湿度(60%~70%)条件下失水严重,而在高相对湿度条件下(80%~90%)发生霉烂变质,货架期仅为1~2 d;冷藏(4℃)条件可明显降低杏鲍菇的失水率,延缓其腐烂变质,从而延长保鲜期。杏鲍菇适宜的销售环境条件为:4℃、相对湿度70%~80%,此时其货架期可达5~7 d。研究结果为杏鲍菇的贮藏和销售条件提供了重要参考,可有效降低杏鲍菇的失水和霉烂现象,减少经济损失。     

高湿环境对菠菜采后贮藏品质的影响

以菠菜为试材,分别贮藏在(13±1)℃的普通冷库(相对湿度70%~75%)和安装高湿喷雾设备的冷库(相对湿度90%~93%)中,通过对贮藏过程中菠菜的感官品质和生理生化指标的测定,研究高湿环境对菠菜采后贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,高湿环境能够有效维持菠菜在采后贮藏期间的感官品质,抑制失重率和相对电导率的升高,延缓VC、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量的下降,同时增强了过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性。因此,高湿环境可以提高菠菜的贮藏品质,抑制菠菜的衰老。     

气调贮藏对早酥梨果实品质的影响

以甘肃早酥梨为试材,研究在温度(0±1)℃、相对湿度(RH)90%~95%条件下,1%~2%O2+1%~2%CO2、3%~4%O2+1%~2%CO2、5%~6%O2+1%~2%CO2三种气体组分对早酥梨气调贮藏效果及果实品质的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,在240 d的贮藏期间,三种不同比例气体组分的气调贮藏均能降低梨果的乙烯释放速率和呼吸强度,保持较高的果实硬度,减缓早酥梨黄化,使其可溶性固形物与可滴定酸含量保持较高水平,其中3%~4%O2+1%~2%CO2气调贮藏效果更为显著,能较好地延缓梨果衰老,保持果实的贮藏品质。     

水苏糖提取鲜基草食蚕贮藏适宜温湿度和贮藏期研究

以水苏糖提取的原料草食蚕为材料,研究不同温湿度条件下贮藏,对草食蚕品质和水苏糖含量的影响。分别设置空气相对湿度为50%~60%,60%~70%,70%~80%,80%~90%;温度设置为0℃,4℃,8℃,12℃。结果表明：随着贮藏温度对失重率、霉变度、水苏糖含量都有极显著影响(p<0.01),随温度降低,失重率、霉变度、水苏糖损失均降低,贮藏湿度对失重率、霉变度也有极显著影响,随湿度增加,失重率减少、霉变度增加。在研究温度范围内,贮藏适宜湿度为70%~80%。贮藏温度为0℃时草食蚕可贮藏10个月以上,4℃时可贮藏期6个月,8℃时贮藏4个月,12℃时可贮藏2个月     

贮藏温度对云南主栽蓝莓果实采后生理代谢的影响

为研究贮藏温度对云南主栽蓝莓果实采后生理代谢的影响,以玉溪澄江主栽的晚熟品种“夏普蓝”为试验材料,在5℃和0℃2种温度下贮藏,以常温条件为对照,每隔2 d分别测定蓝莓果实硬度、可溶性固形物(TSS)、丙二醛、总酚、类黄酮、花青素含量、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶的活性等指标。结果表明,5℃冷藏条件下的蓝莓果实硬度保持较好,TSS损耗较低,总酚的含量、类黄酮的含量及花青素的含量均比对照和0℃贮藏条件下要高,同时,5℃冷藏条件下,蓝莓果实还能保持较高的多酚氧化酶活性和过氧化物酶活性,有利于保持其果实品质。因此,5℃冷藏是较为适宜云南主栽蓝莓果实“夏普蓝”的温度条件。     

采后油菜素内酯处理对桃果实常温贮藏 品质的影响

以久保桃果实为试材,采后用5μmol/L油菜素内酯浸泡处理果实10 min,探讨其对果实常温(20℃,相对湿度50%~60%)贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,采后油菜素内酯处理可抑制久保果实质量损失率的增加,降低呼吸强度,延缓果肉硬度的下降,维持较高的抗坏血酸含量,但降低可滴定酸含量。由此表明,油菜素内酯可以延缓常温贮藏期间桃果实的衰老速度,保持较高的品质。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

新疆布尔津县土地利用格局特征研究

基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

Laboratorial Method of Determining Limit of Yielding of Material

Based on the relation between the incipient yield pressure and the limit of yielding in cylinder according to the elastic disabled rule, a laboratorial method of determining limit of yielding of material is designed and a set of experimental data were gained by the method. The incipient yield pressure of the cylinder is gained by analyzing the experimental data, and then the limit of yielding is gained. The laboratorial method has a good reliability as the experimental value has a little error to the theory value. It has a definite engineering signification and theory value to research the mechanical capability of material and the disabled rule of high pressure vessel.