养猪：形势不错也需科学饲养

今年养猪形势乐观 据农业部畜牧兽医局资料显示,今年第一季度生猪存栏增加,出栏和猪肉产量均呈上升趋势。第一季度末生猪存栏数为4 3816.0万头,比去年同期上升了1.85％,其中,基础母猪存栏3 988.1万头,比去年同期上升0.88％,基础母猪存栏占生猪存栏的比重为9.10％,比去年同期水平(8.72％)略有上升。生猪出栏19603.4万头,比去年同期增长4.26%,比2001年同期增长8.10%。     

2008年我国养猪业形势分析

据国家统计局资料,2007年我国第一季度,生猪出栏2.3亿头,比去年同期增长2.5%;猪肉产量1773.4万t,增长3%;存栏4.67亿头,下降0.3%;第二季度全国生猪存栏4.76亿头,同比下降0.15%,其中能繁母猪存栏4400万头,同比下降1.98%;第四季度的11月底全国母猪补贴4689万头,接近2006年第三季度末能繁母猪的4701.66万头,说明基础能繁母猪基本恢复。另据28个省市情况汇总,2007年末生猪存栏同比增加6.5%,即达到5.3亿头,猪肉产量达到5300万t,同比增长2%,能繁母猪存栏4711万头,同比增长9.4%。     

第一季度猪肉进出口形势

2006年第一季度我国生猪生产呈现增长态势.据行业统计,第一季度生猪存栏和出栏分别为46813.50万头和22556.85万头,同比增长2.24%和3.76%;猪肉产量为1718.70万吨,同比增长4.58%;能繁母猪存栏4592.65万头,占存栏猪的比重达到9.8%,同比增长2.58%.     

2008年我国养猪业形势分析

1 2007年我国养猪业形势回顾 1.1 全国生猪生产总体形势趋稳 据国家统计局资料,2007年我国第一季度,生猪出栏2.3亿头,比去年同期增长2.5%;猪肉产量1 773.4万t,增长3%存栏4.67亿头,下降0.3%第二季度全国生猪存栏4.76亿头,同比下降0.15%,其中能繁母猪存栏4 400万头,同比下降1.98%;第四季度的11月底全国母猪补贴4 689万头[1],接近2006年第三季度未能繁母猪的4 701.66万头,说明基础能繁母猪基本恢复.另据28个省市情况汇总,2007年末生猪存栏同比增力116.5%[1],即达到5.3亿头[2],猪肉产量达到5 300万t[1],同比增长2%,能繁母猪存栏4 711万头[3],同比增长9.4%.     

2006年山东养猪生产分析

据国家农业部统计资料(表1),2006年前三季度山东省生猪存栏2678.60万头,其中能繁母猪存栏303.29万头,生猪出栏3513.70万头,猪肉产量249.7万t.2006年前三季度全国的生猪存栏50877万头,其中能繁母猪存栏4702万头,生猪出栏54077万头,猪肉产量4085万t.计算得出山东省2006年前三季度的生猪存栏、母猪存栏、生猪出栏和猪肉产量分别占全国比重为5.26%、6.45%、6.50%和6.11%.     

我国肉类生产进出口贸易状况分析

一、2002年我国肉类生产稳定发展2002年我国肉类产量稳定增加。据全国30个省、自治区、直辖市畜牧行业部门统计 ,1～9月份我国肉类总产量为5089.2万吨 ,比2001年同期增加4.86%。其中猪肉产量达到3313.1万吨 ,同比增长3.33 % ;牛肉产量达到429.78万吨 ,同比增长6.09% ;羊肉产量达到226.96万吨 ,同比增长7.78 % ;禽肉产量达到1056.07万吨 ,同比增长6.78%。(一 )生猪存栏和出栏稳步增长 ,母猪比重上升2002年第三季度末我国生猪存栏数为46952.14万头 ,比2001年同期上升了1.07 % ,其中 ,能繁母猪存栏4093.82万头 ,比2001年同期提高3.57 %。能繁母…     

广东省2017年5月玉米、豆粕、进口鱼粉价格分析

<正>农业部统计,全国4 000个监测县3月底生猪存栏综合信息:生猪存栏环比增长1.0%,同比下降1.2%;能繁母猪存栏环比持平,同比下降1.6%。农业部统计,全国规模以上生猪定点屠宰企业3月屠宰生猪1 719.18万头,环比增长34.9%,同比增长13.75%。国家统计局公布:第一季度全国猪牛羊禽肉产量2 249万t,同比增长0.2%;第一季度全国猪肉产量1 468万t,同比增长0.2%。生猪出栏19 149万     

明年生猪存栏集中度将有所提升

正生猪和能繁母猪存栏较去年齐下跌近日,农业部发布10月份4000个监测点生猪存栏及能繁母猪存栏信息显示:若按以往跟踪的数据来计算,那么生猪存栏10月总量约37709万头,环比持平,同比下跌3.4%;能繁母猪存栏数量约3704万头,环比下降0.2%,同比下跌3.9%。生猪存栏数量持平是因为天气转冷,消费需求增加     

中国畜牧业协会猪业分会主任张广安:中国养猪业的现状和发展趋势

2015年中国猪肉产量5487万吨,占肉类比例63.6%.2015年中国能繁母猪存栏4455万头,比上年降低3.7%.全国生猪养殖规模比重变化情况如下:存栏500头以下的猪场占比由2007年的74%下降到2014年的58.2%;存栏50头以下的猪场占比由2007年的48.7%下降到2014年的29.2%;存栏10000头以上的猪场占比由2007年的3.7%提高到2014年的9.1%.     

3月我国能繁母猪首度止跌

正最近,农业部公布了2017年3月400个监测县生猪存栏信息,3月份能繁母猪存栏环比持平,同比下降1.6%,而生猪存栏环比增长1%,同比下降1.2%。根据数据推算,3月能繁母猪存栏在3632万头,与上月持平,能繁母猪存栏终于呈现止跌态势,而生猪存栏略增至36246万头,这是半年来生猪存栏环比首度增长。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.