人生如茶

正平素喜爱喝茶,绿茶的清凉,红茶的浓香,苦丁茶的苦涩,花茶的花色,都令爱茶人痴迷。一杯开水冲泡,一会儿工夫,蜷曲的茶叶就全身舒展,先是漂浮,后是沉淀,其中芳香氤氲,慢慢品味,一杯茶的一生在这一刻就会暴露无遗,是甜美还是苦涩,就会自见分晓。     

“猴坑”牌太平猴魁茶——中国国礼茶

太平猴魁简介:太平猴魁创制于1900年前后,是中国十大名茶之一,创制的时间虽不长,其茶树却是一个古老的原生品种——柿大茶。柿大茶承云天之甘露,黄山之灵秀,加以传统的植茶之法及独特的制作工艺,便成太平猴魁。《南京市茶商业历史资料》中评论的徽茶分南北二路,南茶又名尖茶,以猴魁为最佳,全国名茶之极。其外形两叶抱一芽,俗称两刀一枪,平扁挺直,魁伟重实,有猴魁两头尖,不散不翘不卷边之称,色泽苍绿匀润,素有绿金王子的美誉.白毫隐伏,叶脉绿中隐红,俗称红丝线。入杯冲泡。缓缓开展,或沉或浮,犹如刀枪云集、龙飞凤舞,叶底嫩绿匀亮,芽叶成朵肥壮,汤色清绿明净,兰香高爽,滋味甘醇,有独特的猴韵,     

闲品茶经拜羽仙——“茶圣故里天门揽胜”

地处湖北省中部、汉江北岸的天门市,过去称为竞陵,是座有着悠久历史的古城,驰名中外的茶圣陆羽,就出生在这里。陆羽,字渐鸿,又名季疵,号东岗子。关于他的出生,颇具戏剧传奇色彩:唐玄宗21年(公元733年)的一天清晨,竞陵龙盖寺和尚积公长老外出,当走到西湖边时,忽然听到一阵大雁啼叫,并伴有微弱哭声,驻足细看,原来在茂密的芦苇丛中,三只大雁以翼覆盖一婴儿,积公毫不迟疑,将可     

探访碧螺春

我是爱茶的人。茶可消食,茶可解乏,茶可清心,茶可益思,茶的好处多得难以枚举。我喜欢茶的淡雅清香,尤其是它营造的清雅氛围,和它造就的闲适和愉悦的情调。我喝茶的历史,毫不夸张地讲,足有三十年,我几乎喝遍我国所产的名茶。这在于环境的熏陶,我     

行者无疆——记湖南省益阳茶厂有限公司发展历程

秦代置县的潇湘历史文化古城益阳,地处气候温和、雨量充沛的资水南岸,与烟波浩淼的八百里洞庭、驰名中外的桃花江遥相呼应。益阳是有名的文化之乡,有着深厚、持久、绵长的文化底蕴。她是爱国诗人屈原呵壁问天的洞阁,是黎锦辉曲中丽人如云的美人窝,是周立波笔下翠绿成荫的竹海,是画家眼中如诗如画的丹枫白露,是墨客骚人行道雅志的黑茶之乡。湘楚文化的灵魂,山的精神,水的灵性,竹的品质,茶的清韵,贯穿着益阳的历史,丰富着益阳的文化。     

智能肽肥料增效剂在赣北棉区的应用效果

针对近30年来,化学肥料的广泛应用给农业带来了巨大的变化,在农业增产增收的同时,也带来了不少的负面效应,而且问题日益严重.主要表现在肥料投入大、流失多,环境污染严重,作物产量增加但品质变差,作物抗性弱,土壤地力下降等.     

俭清和静悟人生·兴茶爱国写春秋——写在茶界泰斗张天福百岁华诞之际

闽山苍苍,闽水泱泱,斯文一脉,在福建,始终不断。其杰出者,必掷地有声,影响深远。默默耕耘于茶学天地的茶界泰斗张天福,其茶学精神如醇酒经年,甚值品味。中国是茶的故乡,福建是中国著名的茶叶大省,目前全省有300万人从事茶业和相关行业,占全省人口的十分之一。在这蔚为壮观的茶人大军中,张天福的名字何等响亮,数华夏茶人,象张天福先生这样事茶时间之长、涉猎的领域之广、培养的人才之多、茶学思想体系之深厚,无     

今年铁观音春茶特点和市场走势的几点启发

五月的安溪大地,蛰伏着一股巨大力量,来自全国各地的茶商云集,表面被春雨挡住步伐,但一坐下来就是满腹的茶经;我有幸成为其中一员,八年从事茶行业,让我越来越淡定,我想这是茶力量的觉醒,因而我若有所思……     

贵州黎平县一茶农开发出观音红茶供不应求

日前,笔者在贵州省黎平县一茶农的茶厂了解到,该厂今年夏季用铁观音茶青开发出来的红茶,因口感特别,自试制成功上市,立即被福建、广东等地的客商订购一空,产品供不应求。该厂是一个私营茶厂,位于黎平县高屯镇境内,是黎平县第一个种植铁观音茶的茶农,现有茶园420亩,其中铁观音茶150亩。     

普通烤房密集化改造技术的研究

普通烤房密集化改造后有利于提高烟叶烘烤质量,烟叶的颜色加深,桔黄烟叶增多,色泽增强,叶片结构得到改善,弹性较好,烤后的烟叶化学成分更趋协调。在两种密集化改造形式中,外置式的改造成本较高,是内置式的两倍多,但外置式烤房分风均匀,有利于烟叶烘烤,淀粉降解较普通烤房更充分,还原糖含量、上中等烟比例及均价较普通烤房高,杂色烟比例、鲜干比较普通烤房低;内置式烤房的主火垄上方的风量、风速偏低,淀粉含量、烟碱含量较普通烤房略低,还原糖含量较普通烤房略高,整体优势不明显,略优于普通烤房。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

Size and frequency of occurrence of pre-roost gatherings of starlings

One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed.     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。     

农杆菌注射法瞬时转化荔枝果实组织的研究

为了寻找一种高效的荔枝果实瞬时基因表达方法,本研究以荔枝品种‘新球蜜荔’（Litchi chinensis Sonn. var. ‘Xinqiumili’）为试材,利用农杆菌注射法对荔枝果实组织进行转化,研究了果实发育时期、菌株种类、注射部位、取样时间、菌液浓度等对转化效率的影响。结果表明：选择果肉已完全包裹种子的Ⅱb期果实进行连体注射,在果柄、果皮、种子、果肉分别注入OD₆₀₀值为2.4的农杆菌菌株GV3101,4 d后取样进行检测,4个组织的GUS染色率较高。本研究成功建立了适用于荔枝果实的基因瞬时表达系统,为今后快速鉴定荔枝果实相关基因功能提供了基础。     

《生物安全法》实施背景下基因编辑技术的安全评价与监管

2020年10月17日,《中华人民共和国生物安全法》(以下简称《生物安全法》)通过全国人大常委会的审议,自2021年4月15日起施行.生物技术的研究与应用安全是《生物安全法》涉及的主要内容之一,基因编辑作为近几年生物技术领域的研究热点,其安全性评价和监管备受关注.本文概述了基因编辑技术的应用现状,比较了不同国家对基因编...     

蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因表达模式分析及敲除载体构建

为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。     

波罗蜜叶片突变体叶绿素含量测定和超微结构观察

波罗蜜（Artocarpus heterophyllus）是一种热带果树,至今对其突变体的研究少有报道。本研究以波罗蜜叶片为试验材料,探究其叶片出现白化和返绿现象的可能原因。（1）用分光光度计法、比色法测定波罗蜜叶片突变体和正常绿叶的叶绿素及叶绿素前体物质含量;（2）用叶绿素酶Elisa试剂盒测定叶绿素酶活性;（3）用透射电子显微镜对叶绿体的超微形态结构进行观察。研究结果表明：（1）不同叶色所产生的叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、叶绿素总含量、类胡萝卜素含量均存在显著差异;（2）波罗蜜叶片突变体和正常绿叶的叶绿素合成前体物质含量之间并没有出现显著性差异;（3）对波罗蜜叶片的叶绿素酶活性进行测定时,发现其活性出现显著差异,但对其叶绿素含量的差异性并没有产生较大影响;（4）观察波罗蜜叶片内叶绿体超微形态结构时,发现正常绿叶的叶绿体形态完好且数量较多,白化叶和返绿叶的叶绿体内部结构存在缺陷,其原因是叶绿体基粒构建阶段受阻;基于测定波罗蜜叶片中的叶绿素、叶绿素前体物质含量和叶绿素酶活性,并观察波罗蜜叶片内叶绿体的超微形态结构,对得到的数据结果进行比较分析。本研究推测是在叶绿素合成阶段,原脱植基叶绿素合成叶绿素时受阻及叶绿体发不良导致波罗蜜出现白化和返绿现象,为今后进一步综合研究波罗蜜突变体提供理论依据。     

Mechanism of action of insecticidal secondary metabolites of plant origin

Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed.