补饲,放牧,微贮秸秆对6月龄藏羊羯羔增重效果的观察

应用精料补饲、放牧、微贮秸秆三种饲喂方法 ,对 6月龄藏羊羯羔 6 0天的增重放牧进行了比较。结果 :放牧组平均增重 10 .2 kg,日增重 170 g;精料补饲组增重9.5 kg,日增重 15 8g;微贮秸秆组增重 6 .3kg,日增重 10 5 g。经方差分析 ,放牧组与精料补饲组差异不显著 ,放牧组和精料组与微贮组差异极显著。精料补饲组屠宰率比放牧组和微贮组分别高 3.37和 3.5 9个百分点     

山羊补喂竹叶残渣和精料对增重效果的影响研究

试验采用不同比例的竹叶残渣和精料补饲生长肥育羊,随机选择体重10～20kg的山羊120只,分成6组,每组20只,对照组只放牧不补饲,试验各组补饲不同比例的竹叶残渣和精饲料,其他管理完全相同,试验期42d.结果表明,试验组比对照组增重幅度提高69.53%～145.74%,每只净收入增加6.90～12.40元.     

不同补饲料对贵州黑山羊育肥效果的影响

在贵州盘县选取20只4~5月龄无病、体况良好的贵州黑山羊,随机分为对照组(n=10)和试验组(n=10),两组每天均放牧7 h左右,对照组、试验组分别补饲农户自配精料和试验精料,补饲标准均按照只均每天0.2 kg进行,预试期15 d,试验期3个月,测定山羊育肥效果。结果显示:试验期结束后对照组与试验组羊体重分别为21.35 kg和23.55 kg,差异不显著(P0.05),试验组与对照组羊的日增重分别为89.44 g和73.33 g,试验组比对照组高16.11 g,差异显著(P0.05),说明补饲试验精料的增重效果优于补饲农户自配精料。屠宰测定结果显示:试验组的平均屠宰率为39.45%,比对照组高出0.52个百分点,平均净肉率30.91%,比对照组高出0.84个百分点,但差异均不显著(P0.05),而试验组的眼肌面积、肉骨比均显著高于对照组(P0.05),说明补饲试验精料和补饲农户自配精料羊的胴体重虽然相近,但是补饲试验精料比补饲自配精料更能促进脂肪、肌肉组织生长。补饲试验精料,可有效提高贵州黑山羊的增重效果和产肉性能。     

复合营养舔砖对山羊的应用效果

选用24只武雪山羊,随机分成3组,在放牧条件下,一组补饲精饲料,一组补饲复合营养舔砖,另一组为对照组,进行为期33天的对比试验,试验结果表明:舔砖组山羊平均日增重达91.67g,分别比精料组和对照组的68.18g、65.53g提高了34.45%(P<0.05)和39.89%(P<0.05).舔砖组比精料组和对照组平均每只山羊每日净增纯利0.18元和0.16元.表明复合营养舔砖在山羊生产中颇具推广价值.     

牛羊复合添加剂对放牧绵羊的应用效果

枯草期选用藏系绵羊成年母羊40只 ,羔羊20只 ,分为二组 ,在放牧条件下 ,一组为试验组 ,补饲含复合添加剂的精料补充料 ,另一组为对照 ,补饲不含复合添加剂的精料补充料 ,进行为期60d的对比试验。结果表明 :成年羊试验组比对照组只均多增重0.46kg ,提高了29.87 % (P<0.05) ,羔羊试验组比对照组只均多增重3.48kg ,提高了43.66 %(P<0.01)。经济效益 :试验组纯收益为317.30元 ,对照组为119.3元 ,试验组比对照组多收益198.00元。每只羊平均收益 :成年羊试验组比对照组只均多收益2.07元 ,羔羊试验组比对照组只均多收益15.66元。表明在精料补充料中添加复合添加剂 ,在放牧绵羊生产中具有推广价值。     

山羊羔羊秋季育肥屠宰对比试验报告

将3月龄90只山羊羔羊随机分为2组(试验组60只和对照组30只),试验组全天放牧,早晚两次补饲精料;对照组全天放牧,不补饲。试验期90d,结果表明,济宁青山羊断奶羔羊经过短期育肥,试验组日增重152.67g,比对照组高42.78g,胴体重14.26kg,比对照组高4.24kg,差异极显著。经济效益明显。     

山羊不同补充料的补饲效果试验

把100日龄、体重约9kg的60只山羊随机分成3组,对照组只放牧不补饲,试验Ⅰ组放牧后每只每天补饲100g玉米粉、试验Ⅱ组放牧后每只每天补饲100g精料补充料,其他饲养管理完全相同,正试期90d。结果表明,试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅰ组及对照组试验期内每只羊平均日增重分别为109g、91g和72g,只均收益分别为207.4元、180.4元和155.5元。经方差分析,试验Ⅱ组的末重、增重、日增重与试验Ⅰ组比较均为显著(P0.05),与对照组比较均为极显著(P0.01),试验Ⅰ组的末重、增重、日增重与对照组比较均为显著(P0.05)。     

颗粒饲料对育肥山羊增重的研究

在传统放牧条件下，适当补饲混合精料，羊的日增重为96.35～110.25 g，比不补饲羊提高88.48%～115.67%（P＜0.01），日均增加经济效益0.26～0.37元.在舍饲条件下，补饲饲料的颗粒化使羊的日增重达105.50 g，分别比粉料组和常规精料组提高了44.96%（P＜0.05）和57.28%（P＜0.01），日均增加经济效益分别为0.3元和0.54元;补饲营养全面的混合精料比常规精料可改善羊日增重8.50%，增加经济效益0.24元.在山羊育肥中补饲营养全面的颗粒精料值得在生产中推广。     

冬春季节补饲精料对BMY牛育肥性能的影响

[目的]冬春枯草季节,为研究在不同饲养水平下对6-9月龄BMY公牛增重性能的影响。[方法]以6-9月龄BMY公牛为育肥对象,5种育肥方式分别为：对照组全放牧不设补饲;试验1组采用放牧＋补饲1.0 kg精料;试验2组采用全舍饲（粗饲料自由采食,补饲1.0 kg/d精料）;试验3组采用全舍饲（粗饲料自由采食,补饲2.0 kg/d精料）;试验4组采用全舍饲（粗饲料自由采食,补饲3.0 kg/d精料）。[结果]表明：6-9月龄BMY公牛在冬季全放牧条件下育肥,体重不会增加反而会减少,平均日增重（ADG）为-178 g;在冬季放牧＋补饲1.0 kg精料的情况下,ADG为395 g;在舍饲＋1.0 kg精料、舍饲＋2.0 kg精料和舍饲＋3.0 kg精料的情况下,ADG分别达600 g7、28 g和1,023 g,补饲效果差异极显著（P〈0.01）,表明BMY牛在舍饲条件下生长更快,可获得更高的ADG。随着补饲日粮营养水平的提高,随着BMY牛日粮干物质采食量增加,说明补饲精料有利于粗饲料的摄入,从而增加ADG。[结论]冬春枯草季节补饲精料,无论放牧还是舍饲,6-9月龄BMY公牛均有较好的ADG,以舍饲加补饲精料的增重效果最为明显,可获得理想的经济收益。     

精料补饲水平对早期断奶山羊生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究精料补饲水平对早期断奶山羊牛长性能和血清生化指标的影响.试验选用32只(35±3)日龄早期断奶简阳大耳羊山羊[(8.576±1.831)kg BW],公母各占1/2,根据体重采用随机区组试验设计,将山羊分为4个组,每组8只(公母各占1/2),单栏单饲.对照组跟随母羊哺乳,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组在35日龄实施断奶,分别补饲50、150和250 g/d精料.试验期42 d.试验结果表明:1)补饲精料对断奶山羊的平均日增重有显著或极显著影响(P<0.05或P<0.01).其中,250 g/d组平均日增重最高,较对照组提高了83.80%(P<0.01);50 g/d组平均日增重最低,显著或极显著低于其他各组(P<0.05或P<0.01).试验组间粗料采食量差异不显著(P>0.05).试验组山羊总料重比差异不显著(P>0.05);但按摄入精料计算,150、250 g/d组料(精料)重比极显著高于50 g/d组(P<0.01).2)250、150 g/d组山羊总干物质、消化能、粗蛋白质摄入量极显著高于50 g/d组(P<0.01),各试验组的饲粮总的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维摄入量差异不显著(P>0.05).3)各组山羊血清总蛋白、白蛋白、血浆尿素氮、血清IgA和IgM差异不显著(P>0.05).由此说明,补饲精料有利于提高早期断奶大耳羊山羊的营养物质摄入量,促进生长.补饲精料量(250 g/d)占食入饲料总量的(70.0±3.0)%时,可极显著提高山羊的生长性能.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …