“丰路油菜素”对甘蓝型油菜CMS不育系陕2A育性及制种效果的影响研究

对甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系（CMS）陕2A在蕾苔期（苔高20cm-30cm)和初花期用300倍高浓叶肥“丰路油菜素”叶面喷施,并对其育性、制种产量及杂种一代恢复率的调查和酯酶同工酶谱分析,表明“丰路油菜素”能显著增加油菜CMS的有效花朵（蕾）数和结实率,提高制种产量,并对杂种一代的恢复率、不育系的育性及其制种纯度没有不良影响。它是油菜杂交制种中较理想的高浓叶肥。     

地膜覆盖对油菜CMS育性及制种质量的影响研究

在地膜覆盖条件下研究了油菜细胞质雄性不育系3131A育性变化及对制种质量的影响。结果表明:地膜覆盖能显著改善油菜根际的水、热状况。盖膜比露地5cm平均土温提高1.37～3.38℃,10cm提高0.22～0.76℃,15cm提高1.18～3.08℃,20cm提高2.03～2.56℃;10cm土壤含水量提高2.41%～3.91%,20cm提高0.44%～2.47%。良好的水热状况,改善了不育系生长发育环境,提高了花芽分化发育时期的温度,减少了微粉的产生。地膜覆盖条件下不育系初花期花粉镜检活力仅为0.9%～1.0%,而对照高达4.1%～4.3%,进一步套袋自交,结角率为0.67%,结实指数仅为2.0,显著低于对照。地膜覆盖能显著改善制种亲本的经济性状,提高制种产量和质量。油菜制种纯度达到92%的国家一级标准,制种产量可达到1478.70kg/hm2。     

不同硼肥叶面喷施对油菜产量的影响

油菜是喜硼作物,对硼极敏感.在缺硼土壤和潜在性缺硼的土壤中种植的油菜,其根、茎、叶、花、蕾、果都不能正常发育,且对硼的吸收量随生育进程而增加,叶面喷施硼肥是一种简便易行、投资少、见效快、收益大的施肥方式,既能增加农作物的产量、又能改善其品质.但现在硼肥种类繁多,其剂型,含量也有很大差异,在施用中存在很大的盲目性、施用效果不很理想.为增加油菜产量,本试验通过不同种类的硼肥在恩施州农科院进行了油菜叶面喷施试验,从中筛选适合恩施自治州油菜叶面喷施的硼肥品种,对提高油菜的产量和品质,增加农民的经济收入具有重要的意义.     

几种甘蓝型油菜幼苗抗旱性特征的比较研究

以EV1、EV2、EV3、EV4、EV5、EV66个抗旱性不同的油菜品种为试验材料,通过不同浓度PEG-6000渗透溶液模拟干旱胁迫处理,研究油菜幼苗的抗旱指数、根长、苗高和根冠比等性状变化,探索在大田环境条件下的苗期生长特征。结果表明,水分胁迫下EV2的抗旱指数最大,EV6的抗旱指数最小;不同浓度PEG胁迫下,各品种差异显著,EV1、EV2、和EV3的根长、苗高和根冠比较大,而EV5和EV6的表现较差。在大田油菜五叶期时,EV2的冠层覆盖面积最大,与其它品种之间存在极显著性差异;总生物量以EV2、EV3和EV1较大,根系干重以EV2较大,而且三者之间存在显著相关性;与抗旱指数进行通径分析,冠层覆盖面积对抗旱性的直接通径系数最大,达到0．5975。冠层覆盖面积的大小反映了早期活力的强弱,早期活力强,相应的品种抗旱指数高,抗旱性强。     

零上低温处理对不同甘蓝型油菜品种抗寒性的影响

为鉴定甘蓝型油菜品种的抗寒性,采用人工气候箱控温的方法,对从国外引进的12个甘蓝型油菜品种进行零上低温处理,以观测不同品种抗寒指标的变化情况。结果表明：随着温度的降低,各品种叶片的含水量下降,细胞膜相对透性和丙二醛（MDA）含量增加,可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量上升,其中4个品种（系）表现出较强的抗寒性,2个品种（系）的抗寒性则相对较弱。相关分析结果表明：细胞膜相对透性和可溶性糖含量与甘蓝型油菜品种抗寒性的关系最为密切。     

不同杀菌剂对油菜根肿病的防效及对油菜产量损失的影响

本研究使用5种杀菌剂和1种微肥于油菜苗期2~3片真叶期进行灌根处理,以传统的石灰处理方法比较,评价不同处理对油菜根肿病的防治效果和对油菜产量损失的影响。5种杀菌剂处理、微肥以及石灰处理均对油菜根肿病有较好的防效,其中50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂防效达90.82%;从产量损失方面比较,10%氰霜唑悬浮剂、50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂,75%百菌清可湿性粉剂和60%硫磺·敌磺钠可湿性粉剂处理可显著减少根肿病引起的产量损失;50%氟啶胺悬浮剂处理较对照增产不显著,而且对油菜生长有抑制作用;油菜根肿病的病情指数与油菜产量呈显著的负相关性,相关系数r=-0.796 2,油菜产量(y)与病情指数(x)的回归方程为y=-32.65x+2 372。     

模拟干旱胁迫下甘蓝型油菜幼苗生长与早期活力的关系研究

以6个早期活力不同的油菜品种为试验材料,通过不同浓度的PEG-6000渗透溶液模拟干旱胁迫处理,研究了油菜幼苗在胁迫条件下的根长、苗高和根冠比等性状,并与大田环境条件下的苗期长势情况进行对比分析。结果表明,在不同浓度的PEG-6000渗透溶液的胁迫条件下,各个品种的表现不同,呈现显著性差异,EV1、EV2和EV3的根长、苗高和根冠比都较大,而EV5和EV6的表现较差。在大田五叶期时,以EV2和EV3的表现最好,具有较大的冠层覆盖面积,同时干物质积累量和根量干重都较大,以EV5和EV6的表现最差,冠层覆盖面积、干物质积累量和根量干重较小,通过相关性分析发现,冠层覆盖面积与干物质积累量呈现极显著的相关性,与苗期胁迫条件下的性状特征相结合发现早期活力强的材料在大田中有较好的生长势。     

芽期PEG模拟干旱胁迫下不同基因型甘蓝型油菜的反应差异研究

采用10％聚乙二醇(PEG- 6000)模拟干旱胁迫的方法,对41份来源于甘蓝型油菜与蔊菜属间杂交获得的稳定高世代品系和32份来自不同地区的甘蓝型油菜品种进行芽期模拟干旱胁迫处理,以研究干旱胁迫下不同基因型甘蓝型油菜的反应差异.实验结果表明,PEG模拟干旱胁迫后,大部分材料成苗率降低,平均相对成苗率为96.11％,苗高...     

叶面喷施烯效唑对旱地胡麻抗倒性和产量性状的影响

以宁亚20号为材料,采用盆栽试验(2014年)和大田试验(2015年)相结合的方法,研究了烯效唑对旱地胡麻抗倒性以及产量相关性状的影响。盆栽试验结果表明:现蕾期胡麻对烯效唑反应最敏感,现蕾期喷施一次对胡麻株高和一级分枝的降幅最为显著,株高比对照降低14.79 cm,一级分枝缩短10.75 cm。田间试验结果表明,喷施50~150 mg·kg~(-1)烯效唑,株高随着烯效唑浓度增大逐渐降低,其中150 mg·kg~(-1)处理株高降幅最大为16.46 cm;茎粗、根粗、根抗折力、有效分枝数、单株果数、每果粒数、千粒重和产量均随烯效唑浓度增大整体呈现先增大后减小趋势,其中100 mg·kg~(-1)处理的产量增产幅度最大,较对照增产27.83%。通过产量构成因子综合分析,现蕾期喷施100 mg·kg~(-1)烯效唑,对矮化胡麻植株和增加茎粗、单株结果数、千粒重及产量效果显著。     

甘蓝型油菜对干旱和低磷双重胁迫的生理反应Ⅱ：叶片叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光参数

通过对叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光参数的测定和分析,研究了干旱和低磷胁迫对油菜不同生育期叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响.结果表明:与对照相比,油菜在蕾苔期和花期受到干旱和低磷胁迫后,叶绿素含量、最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ最大的光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际的光化学量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)显著降低,初始荧光(Fo)、非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)则显著上升,但在苗期却没有显著的变化.表明油菜在蕾苔期和花期遭受到干旱和低磷胁迫后,油菜叶片PSⅡ反应中心受到损伤,光合电子传递过程受到抑制;这些参数在蕾苔期由低磷胁迫引起的变化幅度明显大干由干旱胁迫引起的变化幅度,在花期则相反.蕾苔期是低磷胁迫对油菜造成光抑制影响最大的时期,而花期则是干旱胁迫对油菜造成光抑制影响最大的时期.     

6.5%乐田特EC防除甘蓝型油菜田杂草效果

乐田特是利收与收乐通的混剂 ,收乐通是防除禾本科杂草的除草剂 ,可以安全地用于油菜田防除多种一年生和多年生禾本科杂草 ;利收是用于大豆田防除阔叶杂草的除草剂 ,用于甘蓝型油菜 (加拿大品种克里斯丁那 )田 ,虽然可使油菜叶片产生接触型药害斑 ,但油菜可以恢复生长 ,并能正常开花结实[1] 。为探讨利收与收乐通混配后是否可以安全用于油菜田 ,我们进行了田间小区试验 ,现将结果报道如下。1　材料与方法1.1　试验材料及处理试验药剂 6 .5 %乐田特乳油 (有效成分 :氟烯草酸flumiclorac -pentyl和烯草酮clethodim) ,及对照药剂 10 %利收乳油 …     

Interference of Sinapis arvensis L. and Chenopodium album L. in spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Interference of Sinapis arvensis L. (wild mustard) and Chenopodium album L. (lamb's-quarters) in spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) was studied under field conditions in 1983 and 1984. Both weed species interfered with rapeseed early in the growing season, causing significant reductions in rapeseed dry weight by June of each year. Sinapis arvensis caused greater rapeseed grain yield reductions than did C. album. With weed densities of 20–80 plants m^?2, rapeseed grain yield reductions ranged from 19 to 77% with S. arvensis but only 20 to 25% with C. album. Rapeseed yield reductions caused by mixtures of both weed species ranged from being less than to being equal to the sum of reductions caused by each weed alone, depending on the weed density and year of study. Both weed species were prolific seed producers capable of returning large quantities of seed to the soil. With weed densities ranging from 10–80 plants m^?2, S. arvensis produced 5700–30 100 seeds m^?2 while C. album produced 3100–63 600 seeds m^?2.     

水分和氮素对油菜渗调物质含量阶段性变化的影响

采用盆栽试验的方法,测定不同水分和氮素－水平下,秦油２号油菜品种不同器官在各阶段脯氨酸、可溶性糖、Ｋ＾＋、Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋５种渗调物质的含量。结果表明,各种渗调物质含量变化随生育阶段的递进呈现一定的规律性,水分和氮素对这种变化规律有一定影响,其影响衣渗调物质种类和生育时期的不同而异。     

Photosynthetic capacity of intact leaves of resistant and susceptible cultivars of Brassica napus L. to atrazine

The rate of photosynthesis in intact leaves attached to plants of an atrazine-resistant cultivar of Brassica napus L. was compared with that in leaves of an atrazine-susceptible, rather isogenic cultivar, in a number of irradiance series. The resistant cultivar had been obtained from the susceptible cultivar by crossing the resistant biotype of Brassica campestris L. with the susceptible cultivar of B. napus, and using the fourth back-cross for comparison. At a natural CO₂ concentration (360 cm³ m^?3) the rate of photosynthesis of leaves of the atrazine-resistant cultivar was significantly (17–21%) less than that of leaves of the susceptible cultivar, over the whole range of irradiances up to 250 W m^?2 At the enriched CO₂ concentration of 1500 cm^?3 m^?3 this reduction in rate amounted to 9–12%.     

Overcoming seed dormancy in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) with exogenous compounds

Dormant seeds of oilseed rape (OSR) can persist in the soil and cause OSR volunteers in subsequent crops. Several approaches were tested in the laboratory and in the field to determine whether dormancy induction and seed persistence can be reduced by using dormancy‐breaking exogenous compounds. In a laboratory experiment, OSR seeds were coated with KNO₃, micronutrients, or gibberellic acid (GA) prior to a secondary dormancy test. In a field experiment, seeds were coated in a manner analogous to the laboratory experiment, and then buried 10 cm deep in the soil for 2.5 months. In a practical demonstration, OSR plants were sprayed with either urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) or a commercial product containing GA prior to seed maturity. Seed coating (laboratory and field experiments) reduced secondary dormancy and seed persistence in the field by up to 99%. The efficiency of the treatments for mitigating secondary dormancy (laboratory and field experiments) in decreasing order was GA > micronutrients > KNO₃ > control. With pre‐maturity spraying (practical demonstration), UAN reduced primary dormancy by up to 77% and the development of secondary dormancy by up to 38%; GA had no effect. Dormancy and seed persistence of OSR seeds may be reduced by a pre‐maturity UAN treatment of OSR mother plants, or by applying appropriate exogenous compounds to OSR seeds.     

Effects of different cultivation systems (soil management,nitrogen fertilization) on the epidemics of fungal diseases in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. var. napus)

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The effects of different cultivation systems on disease incidence and severity in oilseed rape were investigated on two sites in Schleswig-Holstein in the...