Studies on the role of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in pigs after vaccination with Aujeszky's disease virus

Humoral and cellular immunity in pigs vaccinated twice with Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) was studied by seroneutralizing test and direct leucocyte migration inhibition technique. Significant migration inhibition of leucocytes (LMI) was found on the fifth day, whereas specific antibodies began to appear at that time only in very low titers. Anamnestic reaction due to the second injection of ADV did not bring about a significant increase of migration inhibition of leucocytes, instead the level of antibodies elevated markedly.     

猪初乳中IgA的提纯与鉴定

文章从猪初乳中提纯得到IgA。猪初乳经过饱和硫酸铵盐析后,依次应用Seph-adex G-200凝胶过滤、DEAE-纤维素-52离子交换和Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤层析,分离得到猪IgA,经双相扩散免疫,免疫电泳和SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定可达电泳纯。     

参芪口服液对雏鸡免疫机能的影响

将100只1日龄健康罗曼褐公雏鸡随机分成两组,每组50只。Ⅰ组从3日龄开始灌服参芪口服液,剂量是1 mL/只,每天1次,连用3 d;在24日龄时第二次灌服参芪口服液,剂量、方法同第一次。Ⅱ组灌服PBS,剂量和方法同实验组,作为对照组。在雏鸡14、21、28、35、42日龄时分别测定血清和肠液的抗体(IgA)含量,并对小肠各段上皮内淋巴细胞(IEL)数量计数。结果显示,服用参芪口服液的雏鸡,血清中的IgA含量在21、35、42日龄时显著高于对照组(P0.05),肠液的IgA含量在14、21、35、42日龄时显著高于对照组(P0.05);服用参芪口服液的雏鸡的十二指肠段淋巴细胞数量在整个试验过程中显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),空肠段淋巴细胞数量在14、28、35、42日龄时显著高于对照组(P0.01),回肠段淋巴细胞数量在14、21、28、42日龄时显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。表明参芪口服液能明显增强雏鸡的免疫机能。     

Identification of an allotypic IgA in cattle serum

Alloimmunization of cattle revealed a polymorphism carried on a serum antigen displayed beta-electrophoretic mobility. A genetic test indicated that the antigen is inherited in a Mendelian manner, as product of a dominant allele at an autosomal locus. By immunochemical investigation the allotypic determinant was found to be located on IgA: there were in fact no differences between the peptidic map of the molecule carrying the allotypic determinant and that of IgA from positive sera. Moreover the peptidic map of IgA from sera lacking of the allotype resulted lacking of an anodic peptide, thus suggesting that the polymorphism is indeed due to such a peptide.     

雏鸡感染毒害艾美耳球虫后血清免疫球蛋白含量的动态变化

采用间接ELISA法检测雏鸡初次及二次感染毒害艾美耳球虫(Eimerianecatrix)后血清免疫球蛋白含量的动态变化。结果表明,雏鸡初次感染E.necatrix 后10 d~ 14 d血清IgG, IgM, IgA 含量开始增加,16 d~18 d达到峰值;雏鸡二次攻击性感染E.necatrix 后2 d~7 d,其血清的上述3种免疫球蛋白含量均不同程度低于初次感染雏鸡,随后开始回升,至10 d~14 d明显高于相应对照及初次感染雏鸡。血清抗体,特别是IgG介导的体液免疫,在雏鸡抵抗E.necatrix初次及二次感染中发挥了重要作用。     

新疆小反刍兽疫疫情诊断

2013年12月新疆伊犁州霍城县发生不明山羊疫情,根据临床症状和剖检变化怀疑为小反刍兽疫感染。对3只病死山羊病料、8只患病山羊分泌物棉拭子样品和6只患病山羊血清样品分别进行病原学和血清学检测。利用竞争ELISA试剂盒对6份血清样本进行抗体检测,结果全部为阳性。利用抗原捕获ELISA试剂盒,在11只病羊样品中都检测到小反刍兽疫抗原。利用能特异性检测小反刍兽疫病毒的荧光定量RT-PCR方法,在11只病羊样品中检测到小反刍兽疫病毒核酸。利用特异引物进行PPRV N基因片段RT-PCR反应,从11只病羊样品中检测到PPRV核酸。针对2号样本病原核酸N基因和F基因片段进行序列同源性比较,结果该毒株与西藏流行株序列片段相似性分别为96.5%和97.5%。遗传进化分析,该病原属于谱系4,与巴基斯坦等国流行毒株遗传关系最近。     

猪乳中抗猪瘟IgA、IgG、IgM抗体动态变化规律研究

以猪瘟弱毒疫苗免疫空怀母猪,待母猪分娩后,分别收集10 d内的乳汁,以建立的间接ELISA方法检测猪瘟IgA、IgG、IgM水平,并观察各种抗体动态变化规律。试验结果表明,猪初乳中的IgA、IgG、IgM抗体效价均在分娩当天达到最高值,随后迅速下降,7 d后抗体水平与常乳基本一致。对照组母猪仅在分娩当天检测到较低的抗体水平。     

Retracted: Isolation,characterization, and effect of administration in vivo,a novel probiotic strain from pig feces

From porcine rectal swabs or feces, we isolated lactic acid bacteria and used porcine Peyer's patch cells to select them for inducibility of IgA production as an indicator of probiotic effects. The strain selected as a new probiotic was named ‘Enterococcus faecium NHRD IHARA‘. To verify the probiotic effects of this strain in vivo, 536 piglets at age 25 days were assigned to either the trial group, which administrated the strain, or the control group. An increase in IgA in the feces was observed at age 45 days (P < 0.05 compared with the control group); a significant increase in serum IgA was also observed at the end of the study (P < 0.01) in the trial group. In addition, significant differences between the groups in terms of body weight (P < 0.05) and average daily gain (P < 0.01) were observed. The rate of detection of swine‐pathogenic Escherichia coli gene in the feces tended to be lower in the trial group than in the controls. The novel probiotic strain; E. faecium NHRD IHARA may have beneficial effects on swine growth by inducing IgA production and reducing rates of colonization by pathogens in the body.     

Exclusion of polymeric immunoglobulins and selective immunoglobulin Y transport that recognizes its Fc region in avian ovarian follicles

In avian species, blood immunoglobulin (Ig) Y, the equivalent to mammalian IgG, is selectively incorporated into ovarian follicles, but other classes, IgA and IgM, are much less abundant in the follicles. Several mammalian Igs, including IgG and IgA, are also incorporated into ovarian follicles when administered to birds. To clarify the Ig structure required for incorporation into ovarian follicles, Ig uptakes were determined after the intravenous injection of chicken and human Igs. Three chicken Igs (cIgY, cIgA and cIgM) and two human IgAs (monomeric hIgA and polymeric hIgA) were labeled with digoxigenin, and their uptakes into quail (Coturnix japonica) egg yolks were determined by ELISA and SDS-PAGE. The uptake of cIgY was the highest among the three cIgs (22% of injected cIgY was recovered from egg yolks). Chicken IgA was efficiently incorporated into egg yolk when it formed a monomeric state. Pentameric IgM was untransportable into egg yolk. We also found that the uptake of monomeric hIgA was much more efficient than that of polymeric hIgA. These results suggest that the retention of the monomeric form contributes to the efficient transport of Igs into ovarian follicles. On the other hand, Ig uptakes among monomeric Igs nevertheless differed; for example, a time-course analysis showed that the rate of monomeric cIgY uptake was approximately eight times faster than that of monomeric hIgA. The injection of cIgY fragments Fc, Fab and F(ab')(2) resulted in the largest uptake of Fc fragment, with the same level as that of cIgY. These results suggest the presence of a selective IgY transport system that recognizes its Fc region in avian ovarian follicles.     

小反刍兽疫研究进展

小反刍兽疫(PPR)是由小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)引起的急性或亚急性传染病,为世界动物卫生组织(OIE)法定报告的动物疫病,易感动物以山羊、绵羊等小反刍动物为主。目前,小反刍兽疫主要流行于西非、中非、中东、阿拉伯半岛及南亚等地区。敏感特异的检测方法和高效的预防性疫苗将为该病的防控奠定良好的基础。论文对小反刍兽疫全球流行现状、诊断技术及疫苗研究进展进行了综述。     

小反刍兽疫疫苗研究进展

小反刍兽疫是由小反刍兽疫病毒引起的一种严重的烈性、接触性重大跨国动物疫病.目前,该病在我国已经发生,给我国畜牧业经济造成了巨大损失.同多数病毒性疾病的防制相同,对小反刍兽疫PPRS的防制仍以疫苗免疫预防为主.文章对小反刍兽疫的各类疫苗进行综述,以期为疫苗的合理应用提供技术帮助.     

Serum and skin IgA concentrations in normal and atopic dogs

Objective To compare serum and skin surface IgA concentrations from atopic and normal dogs.
Procedure IgA concentrations in sera and skin washings of 20 clinically normal dogs that had no history of pruritus or skin disease were compared to those obtained in 20 dogs with a diagnosis of atopy determined by history, clinical examination and positive intradermal skin test.
Results There was no significant difference in the mean serum IgA concentration in normal dogs (252 ± 187 mg/L) versus atopic animals (314 ± 327). When skin washings from all sites in both groups were compared, atopic dogs had significantly greater concentrations of IgA in their skin washings than normal dogs as evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunoassay (P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the individual sites of the skin washings of atopic and normal dogs.
Conclusion IgA concentrations of skin washings in atopic dogs were greater than in normal dogs. Further investigations need to determine if the greater concentrations were caused by nonspecific inflammation or by secretion of allergen-specific IgA onto the skin surface.     

Elevated fructosamine concentrations caused by IgA paraproteinemia in two dogs

An 8-year-old male Austrian Pinscher and a 14-year-old male Golden Retriever were presented for evaluation due to unexplainable high fructosamine values despite euglycemia and epistaxis in combination with polydipsia/polyuria, respectively. Blood analysis revealed severe hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia and markedly elevated fructosamine concentrations in both dogs. Multiple myeloma with IgA-monoclonal gammopathy was diagnosed by serum and urine electrophoresis including immunodetection with an anti-dog IgA antibody and bone marrow aspirations. Diabetes mellitus was excluded by repeated plasma and urine glucose measurements. Fructosamine values were positively correlated with globulin, but negatively correlated with albumin concentrations. These cases suggest that, as in human patients, monoclonal IgA gammopathy should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis for dogs with high fructosamine concentrations.     

牛奶中免疫活性蛋白的研究进展

作者介绍了免疫活性物质的种类和功能,主要论述了牛奶中免疫球蛋白IgA和IgG合成与转运机理及乳铁蛋白(LF)的免疫机理,介绍了通过转基因技术提高牛奶中免疫活性蛋白的含量和增强奶牛自身防御能力的技术进展,论述了增加牛奶中免疫活性蛋白的方法以及提高饮用者免疫力和抗病力的可能性。     

Biclonal gammopathy associated with immunoglobulin A in a dog with multiple myeloma

A 10-year-old neutered male Airedale Terrier was evaluated for inappetance, weight loss, and lameness. Multiple myeloma was diagnosed based on bone marrow plasmacytosis, multiple lytic bone lesions, and hyperglobulinemia with a clonal gammopathy on serum protein electrophoresis. Splenic plasmacytosis, and retinal lesions consistent with hyperviscosity syndrome also were found. Temporary responses to 2 different chemotherapy protocols (melphalan and prednisone, and cyclophosphamide and prednisone) were seen, with remission of clinical signs and a decrease in the biclonal gammopathy but no resolution of the splenic mass. Eventual return of clinical signs led to euthanasia at 175 days postdiagnosis. Necropsy examination confirmed multiple myeloma involving bone marrow and spleen, and glomerulonephritis. An immunoglobulin-A (IgA) gammopathy was demonstrated by immunoelectrophoresis; biclonality was ascertained by immunofixation electrophoresis. The clonal components consisted of intact Ig with a heavy chain of the a class and a light chain of undetermined class. To our knowledge, this is the first report of undimerized biclonal gammopathy in a dog caused by a single heavy chain class involving IgA.     

Effects of 7S and 11S on the intestine of weaned piglets after injection and oral administration of soybean antigen protein

Soybeans are used increasingly in food products because of their health benefits. In this study, we investigated the effect of soybean antigen protein on weaned piglet intestine. Seventy piglets were randomly divided into seven groups with 10 piglets each. At 7 and 14 days of age, groups A–C were injected with saline, and D–G were intramuscularly injected with or orally administered 7S or 11S. Groups B–G were artificially sensitized by dietary 7S or 11S. At 27 days, the small intestinal tissues were collected to determine levels of histamine, sIgA protein, and IgA mRNA. Histamine in B–G was significantly decreased in the duodenum and ileum. Moreover, sIgA expression was higher in all groups than in A, with B/C>D–G and F/G>D/E; the trend in IgA expression was similar. Collectively, these results indicated that soybean antigen protein‐immunizing agents decrease sIgA and IgA levels. Additionally, the effect of injection immunization occurred prior to that of oral immunization.     

Nonspecific immunostimulation against viruses

A trypsinized preparation from chromogenic selected strain of Mycobacterium phlei (NSI) stimulated the recipient immune system non-specifically against a variety of viruses viz. Rabies virus (RNA virus). Marek's disease (DNA virus) and Foot and Mouth disease virus (RNA virus) in phylogenetically different hosts like mice, chicks and guinea pigs respectively. Investigation into mechanisms of such nonspecific immunostimulation revealed that there was induction of strong cell mediated immune response (CMIR) against both specific as well as to nonspecific viral antigens as evinced by LMIT, lymphokine (LyIF) assay and lymphocyte transformation test etc. There was induction of appreciable quantity of "Infectivity inhibiting substance(s)" (IIS) which was not the classical antibody (Ig) in the serum of NSI inoculated animals and birds. This substance(s) neutralized FMD, IBR, rabies and Newcastle disease virus in cell culture, mice and in embryonated eggs. Electrophoretic separation of the NSI induced serum revealed an increase in beta fraction of globulin.     

小反刍兽疫分子生物学研究进展

小反刍兽疫(peste des petits ruminants,PPR)是由小反刍兽疫病毒(peste des petits ruminants virus,PPRV)引起的一种急性、烈性、接触性传染病。山羊高度易感;牛、猪等动物也可以感染带毒,野生动物偶有发生。作者主要介绍了小反刍兽疫病毒各基因结构特点,6种结构蛋白的功能,以及小反刍兽疫的诊断技术等方面的最新研究进展。     

小反刍兽疫研究现状

小反刍兽疫(Peste des petits ruminants,PPR)是由小反刍兽疫病毒(Peste des petits ruminants virus,PPRV)引起的一种主要感染小反刍动物的急性、接触性传染病,发病率、死亡率高.近年来,小反刍兽疫(PPR)呈扩散的趋势,成为重要的跨国动物传染病之一,我国周边国家频繁器发该病.2007年7月25日暴发于西藏自治区日土县的我国首例小反刍尊疫疫情,更是对我国如何做好该病的防控工作提出了新的要求和挑战.为了增强广大兽医工作者和相关人士对本病的认识,文中就小反刍兽疫的病原学、流行病学、临床症状、病理特征以及诊断方法等方面的研究现状进行了综述.     

Eye-drop DNA can induce IgA in the tears and bile of chickens

DNA vaccines protect chickens against lethal virus infections but whether they induce local antibody which is associated with preventing viral entry, is unknown. We were able to show how avian DNA vaccines can induce local IgA. 65 μg plasmid DNA encoding the reporter protein beta-galactosidase induced antigen-specific IgA in the tears of 6/10 birds, IgA in the bile of 4/10 birds and IgG in the serum of 2/10 birds. Giving the DNA by the intramuscular route, as is more usual, induced lacrimal IgA in 2/8 birds, biliary IgA in no birds and serum IgG in 4/8 birds. Eye-drop DNA therefore favoured local IgA whereas intramuscular DNA favoured serum IgG. Further to this preliminary work eye-drop DNA should be improved by adjuvants and cytokines as a way of inducing protective IgA at the mucosal surfaces of the alimentary and respiratory tracts.