核黄素不同水平对新扬州仔鸡生长性能和免疫器官发育的影响

将288只1日龄新扬州鸡随机分为4处理组,每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复24只。各试验组日粮在基础日粮中分别添加0,3.6,7.2,14.4mg/kg核黄素,试验结果表明,添加核黄素均能刺激主要免疫器官的发育,特别是试验后期各处理组间免疫器官指数差异显著或极显著,除对照组外,各添加组也未观察到异常变化。同时也发现添加核黄素对新扬州鸡的体重生长速度无明显影响(P>0.05)。     

核黄素对笼养生长期蛋鸭生产性能、激素分泌及免疫器官发育的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平核黄素对5～11周龄笼养蛋鸭生产性能、激素分泌及免疫器官发育的影响,以探讨笼养生长期蛋鸭适宜的核黄素添加水平.试验选用28日龄平均体重(0.27±0.01) kg的金定蛋鸭216只,采用单因素随机分组设计,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只鸭.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲...     

日粮核黄素水平对新扬州仔鸡免疫器官发育及体液免疫的影响

研究日粮中添加核黄素对新扬州仔鸡免疫器官发育和体液免疫的影响。结果表明:①核黄素添加量对体重影响不显著P(>0.05),但7.2和14.4mgk/g核黄素能降低腿病发生率和死亡率;②在试验后期日粮中添加7.2和14.4m gk/g核黄素显著或极显著影响胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊发育;③各核黄素添加组均能提高新城疫抗体水平,但添加7.2和14.4mgk/g核黄素显著或极显著影响抗体水平。本研究认为,日粮中添加适量核黄素能增强免疫器官发育和体液免疫功能。     

中草药制剂对鸡免疫器官发育及脾脏中免疫因子表达的动态影响

试验旨在探究复方中草药制剂对黄羽肉鸡育雏期间免疫器官指数及脾脏中IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ因子表达的动态影响。选取1日龄健康黄羽肉鸡450只,随机分成3个处理组(对照组、抗生素组和中草药组),每个处理5个重复,每个重复30只。分别在21、35、49日龄测定鸡免疫器官指数和脾脏细胞中IL-4、IL-2、IFN-γ的动态表达量。结果显示:中草药组的免疫器官指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清中免疫球蛋白IgG含量与对照组相比显著增加(P<0.05);中草药制剂组黄羽肉鸡脾脏中的IL-4 mRNA表达量在35日龄显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P<0.05),IL-2和IFN-γmRNA表达量在试验期呈增加趋势,其表达量在49日龄时中草药组显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P<0.05),说明复方中草药有提高免疫细胞因子mRNA表达量的作用。试验结果表明,基础日粮中添加复方中草药对黄羽肉鸡免疫器官发育和细胞免疫水平有不同程度的促进作用。     

黄芩多糖对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在探讨黄芩多糖对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响.选择240只1日龄的爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡,随机分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复20只鸡,分别在基础饲粮中添加0、100、200和400mg/kg黄芩多糖提取物.试验期为49 d.测定各组生长性能、免疫器官指标和免疫球蛋白指标.结果表明:200mg/kg添加组可显著提高肉仔鸡49日龄平均体重、平均日增重并降低料重比(P<0.05),对胸腺指数和法氏囊指数的影响显著(P<0.05);21日龄时,100mg/kg添加组对法氏囊指数影响显著(P<0.05),对肉仔鸡全期的血清免疫球蛋白水平的影响不显著(P>0.05).由此可知,饲粮中添加适量的黄芩多糖在一定程度上可以提高肉仔鸡的生长性能,促进免疫器官的发育和提高免疫功能,其中200 mg/kg添加量较好.     

溪黄草对三黄肉仔鸡免疫功能的影响

为测定溪黄草对三黄肉仔鸡免疫功能的影响,将1日龄三黄肉仔鸡210只随机分为7组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组添加0．2％恩诺沙星,Ⅲ组添加1％双黄连。Ⅳ-Ⅶ组分别在日粮上添加0．5％、1％、2％和4％溪黄草。分别测定免疫器官指数、新城疫HI抗体滴度和T淋巴细胞转化0D57。值。结果显示,溪黄草以2％剂量添加时可不同程度地刺激28日龄前三黄肉仔鸡的免疫器官发育,延长ND—HI抗体存留时间和抑制T淋巴细胞增殖,其它添加剂量对三黄肉仔鸡免疫功能也产生一定影响。     

日粮核黄素添加水平对新扬州仔鸡免疫功能的影响

选用288只体重相近1日龄新扬州雏鸡,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,分别饲喂4种不同核黄素添加量(0、3.6、7.2 mg/kg和14.4 mg/kg)日粮,探讨核黄素添加水平对新扬州仔鸡免疫功能的影响。结果表明:(1)新扬州鸡的胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊重量均随日粮核黄素添加量增加呈现递增趋势,但各处理组作用效果不相同。(2)新扬州仔鸡外周血液白细胞总数、淋巴细胞总数及其百分比均与核黄素添加量增加呈递增趋势,但各处理组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。(3)各核黄素添加组均能提高新城疫抗体水平,但添加7.2 mg/kg和14.4 mg/kg核黄素显著或极显著影响抗体水平。本研究认为,日粮中添加适量核黄素能够提高家禽免疫功能。     

天蚕素抗菌肽对肉兔生产性能和免疫器官指数的影响

试验旨在研究天蚕素抗菌肽对新西兰兔生产性能和免疫器官指数的影响。选择160只35日龄断奶的新西兰肉兔,随机分为5个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复8只兔。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮基础上添加30 mg/kg喹乙醇、150、200 mg/kg和250 mg/kg天蚕素抗菌肽,试验期为8周。结果表明,天蚕素抗菌肽可一定程度提高肉兔的日增重,显著降低料重比(P<0.05),对肉兔的采食量无显著影响(P>0.05);添加天蚕素抗菌肽有增加肉兔脾脏和胸腺重量的趋势,添加200 mg/kg和250 mg/kg天蚕素抗菌肽可显著提高肉兔脾脏指数和胸腺指数(P<0.05)。由此可见,在肉兔饲粮中添加天蚕素抗菌肽,可提高肉兔生产性能,促进免疫器官发育,提高免疫器官指数。     

香菇素对马岗鹅生长性能及免疫器官指数的影响

为研究香菇素对马岗鹅生产性能与免疫器官发育的影响,试验选用4周龄健康马岗鹅280只,随机分成3组,每组3个重复,每个重复27只。对照组：基础饲粮,5%添加组：95%基础饲粮+5%香菇素,10%添加组：90%基础饲粮+10%香菇素,试验期60 d。结果显示：与对照组相比,5%、10%添加组末重显著提高2.9%、5.3%（P < 0.05）,平均日增重显著提高4.0%、7.1%（P < 0.05）,平均日采食量与料肉比无显著差异（P ＞ 0.05）,但添加组采食量有提高趋势,料肉比有降低的趋势。免疫器官指数各组之间无显著差异,但添加组免疫器官指数有上升趋势。综上,在饲料中添加香菇素能提高马岗鹅的生产性能和免疫器官发育。 [关键词] 香菇素|生长性能|免疫器官指数|马岗鹅     

日粮中添加茶多酚对肉鸡抗氧化性能及免疫器官指数的影响

选用15日龄健康青脚麻鸡160只,随机分为4个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只,试验期42 d。在基础日粮中添加不同浓度水平的茶多酚,通过测定肉鸡试样中超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性、丙二醛含量和总抗氧化能力以及免疫器官指数,研究在饲粮中添加不同浓度水平茶多酚对肉鸡抗氧化性能及免疫器官指数的影响。本研究表明日粮中添加适量的茶多酚可以有效提高肉鸡抗氧化性能,同时具有提高肉鸡免疫器官指数的趋势,要达到显著效果,茶多酚的添加量以不少于0.04%为宜。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。