酪蛋白磷酸肽对动物肠道黏膜免疫功能的调节作用

随着人们对酪蛋白磷酸肽（CPPs）研究的不断深入,发现在新生动物体内CPPs可能是免疫调节过程中潜在的调节物质。根据酪蛋白来源的不同,CPPs主要包括α-CPPs和β-CPPs。此后,人们开始关注CPPs在免疫方面的研究并通过试验证实,αa1-酪蛋白能保护小鼠不受白色念珠菌侵害,αa1-酪蛋白（59～79）和β-酪蛋白（1～25）还能显著提高小鼠脾细胞抗体的生成量。由上述试验结果可知,CPPs不仅能促进动物对钙、锌和铁等矿物质的吸收,     

酪蛋白磷酸肽在动物钙营养中的研究进展

酪蛋白磷酸肽(CPPs)是含有成簇的磷酸丝氨酰基的生物活性肽,具有结合钙和促进钙吸收的功能。本文主要介绍CPPs在钙营养方面的研究利用情况。     

酪蛋白磷酸肽在动物钙营养中的研究进展

酪蛋白磷酸肽(CPPs)是含有成簇的磷酸丝氨酰基的生物活性肽,具有结合钙和促进钙吸收的功能。文章主要介绍CPPs在钙营养方面的研究利用情况。     

酪蛋白磷酸肽在动物铁营养中的研究进展

酪蛋白磷酸肽（CPPs）是含有成簇的磷酸丝氨酰基的生物活性肽,具有增进铁溶解,促进其吸收的功能。本文主要对CPPs在动物铁营养中的研究和利用作一综述。     

酪蛋白磷酸肽的生理功能及在饲料业上的应用前景

酪蛋白磷酸肽(CPPs)是从牛奶的酪蛋白中提取的一种生物活性肽，在中性和偏碱性环境下可提高钙的溶解度和钙溶液的稳定性，从而促进肠道对钙的吸收，还可有效促进锌、铁等其他矿物元素的吸收，本文综述了国内外酪蛋白磷酸肽的研究动态及其生理功能、作用机理、制备方法等，并展望了其在饲料业中的应用潜力。     

新型功能性饲料添加剂——酪蛋白磷酸肽

由于分离技术和结构鉴定等研究方法的发展,研究者从牛奶蛋白质中分离提取出大量的小分子生物活性肽。研究表明这些生物活性肽有着重要的生理功能,具有潜在的开发应用前景,极受人们瞩目。酪蛋白磷酸肽(CaseinPhosphopeptides,简写为CPPs)就是其中的一种。它是一种由牛乳酪蛋白经蛋白酶酶解作用而得到的含有成簇磷酸丝氨酰基的多肽。在上世纪五六十年代CPPs被英国科学家发现,我国上世纪九十年代初开始研究。研究证明CPPs在促进钙、铁、锌离子的吸收和利用方面具有特效。另外,对动物免疫和繁殖等方面也有着重要的作用。本文将就CPPs的来…     

酪蛋白磷酸肽的生物学活性及其应用

酪蛋白磷酸肽(CPPs)是以牛奶酪蛋白为原料,经过单一或复合蛋白酶的水解,再对水解产物分离纯化后得到的含有磷酸丝氨酸簇的天然生理活性肽。酪蛋白磷酸肽能促进机体肠黏膜对钙、铁、锌、硒,尤其是钙的吸收和利用,被誉为矿物质载体。目前,酪蛋白磷酸肽是唯一促进钙吸收的活性肽,在提高机体免疫力、改善繁殖性能等方面也有重要作用。日本、德国等国家已把酪蛋白磷酸肽定为功能性食品,在我国关于酪蛋白磷酸肽的研究也越来越     

酪蛋白磷酸肽初步制备的工艺研究

<正>酪蛋白磷酸肽(Casein Phosphopeptides,CPPs)作为一种具有矿物质结合活性的肽,CPPs的酶法制备一直是国内外研究的热点[1-6],CNPPs是伴随CPPs一起制备得到的产品。酶解酪蛋白的酶有胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶,其中胰蛋白酶作为常见蛋     

酪蛋白磷酸肽在动物钙营养中的研究进展

酪蛋白磷酸肽(CPPs)是含有成簇的磷酸丝氨酰基的生物活性肽,具有结合钙和促进钙吸收的功能。本文主要介绍酪蛋白磷酸肽在钙营养方面的研究利用情况。     

饲用大豆肽在仔猪生产中的研究与应用

大豆肽是大豆蛋白经水解制得的小分子肽混合物,具有降低脂肪沉积、促进矿物质吸收、调节免疫等多种生理功能。综合介绍了大豆肽的研究现状以及大豆肽在仔猪生产中的应用。     

低聚木糖在畜牧生产中的应用研究

低聚木糖是一种新型饲料添加剂,具有促进肠道有益菌增殖、吸附肠道病原菌、提高机体免疫力、促进脂类代谢和矿物质代谢以及抗氧化等作用。低聚木糖作为饲料添加剂在饲料工业中的应用也得到肯定,已广泛应用于猪、禽、反刍动物和水产动物等饲料。研究结果证实,低聚木糖能够改善动物生产性能、提高动物机体免疫力和抗病力,另外,添加低聚木糖还可以降低饲料中的药物用量,降低药物残留,有利于环保。主要介绍了低聚木糖的化学结构和理化特性、作用机理以及在畜牧业生产中的应用效果,并进行了前景展望。     

酪蛋白磷酸肽及其在动物营养中的应用

酪蛋白磷酸肽(CPPs)是含有成簇的磷酸丝氨酸的生物活性肽。本文介绍了酪蛋白磷酸肽的生物学功能及其作用机理等,并简要概述其在动物营养中的应用。     

Nonruminant Nutrition Symposium: intestinal glucose sensing and regulation of glucose absorption: implications for swine nutrition

The Na(+/)glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) is the major route for the transport of dietary sugars from the lumen of the intestine into enterocytes. Regulation of this protein is essential for the provision of glucose to the body and avoidance of intestinal malabsorption. This has important nutritional implications in particular for young and growing animals. It has been demonstrated that dietary sugars and artificial sweeteners increase SGLT1 expression and the capacity of the gut to absorb monosaccharides. Furthermore, diets supplemented with artificial sweeteners have been shown to improve growth and performance of weaning piglets. In this review, after describing the organization of intestinal epithelium, the type of gut hormones released in response to dietary carbohydrates, the mechanism underlying the transcellular transport of glucose in the intestine is outlined. Next, a historical background to the work carried out in various laboratories aimed at identifying molecular mechanisms involved in regulation of intestinal glucose transporter, SGLT1, is described. Subsequently, the more recent data on the role of intestinal glucose, or sweet, sensor T1R2 + T1R3, a G protein-coupled receptor, required for upregulation of SGLT1 by dietary sugars and artificial sweeteners, are presented. The glucose sensor subunits, T1R2 + T1R3, are members of the taste receptor family 1, T1R, and are expressed in the gut enteroendocrine cells. Sensing of dietary sugars and artificial sweeteners by T1R2 + T1R3 activates a pathway in endocrine cells leading to secretion of gut hormones. Finally, after describing molecular mechanisms by which a specific gut hormone released by endocrine cells may regulate SGLT1 expression in the neighboring absorptive enterocytes, the application of these findings to enhancing intestinal capacity to absorb dietary sugars in weaning piglets is presented. A better understanding of the molecular events involved in regulation of SGLT1 will allow the identification of nutritional targets with attendant promise of avoiding nutrient malabsorption and enhancing growth and well-being of species.     

VA菌根研究现状与展望

综述了近年来国内外有关VA菌根对植物有益作用的研究进展,包括VA菌根能扩大宿主植物根的吸收面积,增强矿质营养吸收,提高抗逆性、抗病性等方面,并展望了VA菌根的应用前景。     

实现高校图书馆的人性管理

人性管理是基于科学的人性观基础上的“以人为中心”的管理。高校图书馆作为学生吸收知识的主要场所，实现人性化管理，最大限度地发挥馆员的主观能动性，提高读者满意度，有其长远的意义。文中介绍了高校图书馆人性管理存在的问题，并提出实现人性管理的措施。     

The influence of pasture fertilisation on animal health

The health of animals grazing on pastures is affected by the mineral content of fodder plants. The mineral content of any pasture species may vary within very wide limits and is profoundly influenced by fertilisation. Some of the known facts about animal health in relation to the supply of mineral nutrients in pasture dry matter are presented, together with a discussion of how the uptake of minerals by animals may be influenced by the fertilization of pastures.     

Effect of captivity and mineral supplementation on body composition and mineral status of mustached bats (Pteronotus parnellii rubiginosus)

We investigated the whole-body crude nutrient (fat, protein, ash) and mineral (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K) composition of mustached bats of three different groups: animals from the wild (n = 6), and animals from captivity on an unsupplemented feeding regime of mealworms (n = 7), and on a feeding regime in which the mealworms were kept on a mineral substrate prior to feeding (n = 6). It was shown that mealworms from the mineral substrate had higher Ca contents than mealworms from the conventional substrates. In an earlier study, differences in bone mineral density had been found between the groups. These differences, however, were not reflected in differences in whole-body composition. Captive animals showed a larger variation in body weight and fat content, indicating potential shortcomings of the dietary and husbandry regime.     

Impact of fermented milk on human health: Cholesterol-lowering and immunomodulatory properties of fermented milk

In this review, we focus on the cholesterol-lowering activity of Lactobacillus gasseri , the immunomodulatory function of casein phosphopeptides (CPPs) and lactic acid bacteria as starters for fermented milk, and the probability and difficulty of creating immunomodulatory fermented milk as a 'food for specified health use'. Among the starter bacteria used for the preparation of fermented milk, L. gasseri SBT0270 could exert a hypocholesterolemic effect in rats fed a diet high in cholesterol through deconjugation of bile salts. On the other hand, CPPs, having a tripeptide sequence consisting of two phosphoserine residues at N- and C-terminal positions, stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and IgA formation via the increase of interleukin-5 and interleukin-6 produced by type 2 helper T cells. The oral ingestion of CPPs enhanced the level of antigen-specific and total intestinal IgA. Moreover, one strain of bifidobacteria ( Bifidobacterium breve YIT4064) and one strain of Lactobacilli ( Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota), used as a starter for fermented milk, activated the humoral and cellular immune system, respectively, and prevented various diseases. It is important to elucidate what components modulate and what mechanisms are responsible for the physiological function of fermented milk in order for it to be accepted as a 'food for specified health use' claiming immunomodulatory activity.     

Nutrition of aquaculture species.

Dietary requirements for amino acids and fatty acids have been reported for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), tilapias (Oreochromis spp.), and eel (Anguilla japonicus). Most of the vitamin and mineral requirements are available for channel catfish and salmonids, and some are available for common carp, tilapia, eel, and other finfish and crustaceans. From this available information, cost-effective feeds can be formulated for the major commercial aquaculture species. Major differences in nutrient requirements between fish and mammals or birds are as follows: fish have a lower digestible energy:protein ratio (8 to 10 kcal of DE/g of CP for fish vs 15 to 20 kcal of DE/g of CP for livestock); fish require n-3 fatty acids and land animals require n-6; fish can absorb minerals from the water, which negates the need for some minerals in the diet; and fish have limited ability to synthesize vitamin C and must depend on a dietary source. Areas for further research include 1) refinement of nutrient requirements of the major culture species considering effects of fish size, temperature, and management; 2) nutrient requirements of crustaceans; 3) effects of nutrition on fish health and product quality; and 4) feeding technology.     

Influence of phytase added to a vegetarian diet on bone metabolism in pregnant and lactating sows

The purpose of the study was to find out if the supplementation of phytase to a diet of gestating and lactating sows has any effects on performance and bone parameters of the animals. Forty primiparous gilts were assigned into four groups: group A with phytase [4.2 g total phosphorus (P)/kg (gestation) and 4.5 g total P/kg (lactation)], group B without phytase (with phytase supplementation in diet for rearing) and same P content as group A, group C without phytase and higher P contents [5.0 g total P/kg (gestation) and 5.5 g total P/kg (lactation)] and group D with the same diet as group B (no phytase during the rearing). A 6-phytase was used in this trial (750 FTU/kg diet). The four diets were fed during gestation and lactation. Faeces were collected to determine apparent digestibility of minerals. Blood samples were taken to analyse minerals and bone markers. After weaning the sows were slaughtered and the bones of one hind leg were prepared to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of the tibia. Bone ash and mineral content of the phalanx III were determined. Mean P concentrations in serum decreased during gestation and lactation. But there were no significant differences between the groups. Bone formation marker bone-specific alkaline phosphatase decreased at the beginning of lactation whereas bone resorption marker serum crosslaps increased. The BMD and BMC of the tibia were slightly higher in the groups fed higher concentrations of P and phytase. The ash and mineral contents of the phalanx were the highest for the group fed the highest concentration of P. The apparent digestibility of P increased during gestation mostly in group A (57%--> 69%). In conclusion, high P content and addition of phytase to the diet induced a slightly higher ash content of the bones. It is of high importance, that sows during gestation absorb enough P, to avoid lamenesses and sudden fractures. As not many studies with phytase have been performed during gestation and lactation in sows yet, we can recommend, that phytase as supplement can be used to keep P in the diet at a lower level without negative consequences for bone health.