姜黄愈伤组织再生体系的建立

以姜黄无菌芽的芽基为外植体,进行愈伤组织的诱导和无菌苗再生的研究。结果表明:在MS培养基中添加2,4-D或2,4-D与6-BA的激素组合能够诱导外植体的切口部位产生愈伤组织,但愈伤生长缓慢;在2,4-D和6-BA的激素组合中再加入TDZ,愈伤组织能够不断增殖生长:在MS+0.5mg/L TDZ+0.5mg/L BA+0.3mg/L 2,4-D培养基中,愈伤的诱导率和生长量最高,诱导率达到80%,每个月愈伤生长量为148.6mg;愈伤组织再分化出芽的适宜培养基为MS+0.5mg/L TDZ+2.0mg/L BA+0.2mg/L NAA,再分化率为90%,外植体的平均出芽数为5.1。当试管苗长至5cm时出瓶移栽,成活率可达90%以上。     

温郁金愈伤组织培养及快速繁殖

为了提纯复壮温郁金资源,快速繁殖良种苗木,满足市场供不应求的现状,对温郁金外植体培养及愈伤组织的诱导、继代、分化和再生进行研究.结果表明:莪术外植体在以MS培养基为基本培养基,附加6-BA 3.0 mg/L IAA 1.0 mg/L适于丛生芽的诱导与增殖;附加2,4-D 2.0 mg/L KT 5.0 mg/L适于愈伤组织的诱导;附加2,4-D 1.0 mg/L KT 0.5 mg/L适于愈伤组织的继代培养;附加KT 5.0 mg/L NAA 0.3 mg/L适于愈伤组织的分化,生根的最佳培养基为MS IAA 1.0 mg/L.因此,可以通过组织培养的方式提纯复壮温郁金资源,进行温郁金的快速繁殖.     

红龙草叶片的组织培养及其植株再生

 建立了红龙草叶片再生体系。叶片外植体在培养基MS + 6-BA 1.0 mg/L + 4-PU 1.0 mg/L +NAA 0.1 mg/L上形成浅绿色愈伤组织, 20 d后愈伤组织诱导率达100%。约45.31%的愈伤组织在添加6-BA 1.0 mg/L和NAA 0.4 mg/L的MS培养基上分化出紫红色的不定芽, 约6%的愈伤组织在该培养基上产生出细小叶片和绿色变异幼芽。所产生的紫红色不定芽在1/2MS +NAA 0.4 mg/L的培养基上可全部生根,长成完整植株。再生植株的移栽成活率达85%以上。     

扎米莲( Zamioculcas zamiifolia) 叶片的植株再生

 建立了从扎米莲叶片直接再生植株的有效方法。结果表明, 扎米莲叶片外植体在仅加6-BA 或NAA 或2 ,4-D 的培养基中培养8 周后都不能产生幼芽; 但在含不同浓度6-BA (1.0～2.0 mg/L) 和NAA(0.02～0.2 mg/L) 组合的MS 培养基上培养3 周后开始产生幼芽, 其幼芽分化的最佳培养基为MS + 6-BA 2.0 mg/L + NAA 0.02 mg/L。再生芽在添加IBA 0.5 mg/L 的MS 培养基中生根。     

镜面草叶片和叶柄愈伤组织诱导

以镜面草( Diels)叶部器官为研究对象,分别以叶片、叶柄作为外植体,研究不同激素种类及其浓度配比对镜面草愈伤组织诱导过程的影响.结果表明,镜面草的叶片和叶柄均可在2,4-D、NAA、6-BA的诱导下产生愈伤组织,但激素单独使用和不同种类不同浓度组合对镜面草愈伤组织的诱导效果不同:2,4-D单独使用且浓度为0.5 mg/L时,愈伤组织诱导率达到95%以上,NAA 1.0 mg/L虽也有相当的效果,但NAA浓度达到0.5 mg/L时,叶片和叶柄均会产生不定根;试验设计细胞分裂素6-BA分别与2,4-D和NAA不同浓度组合处理叶片、叶柄,诱导愈伤组织产生的最佳激素组合为2,4-D 0.5 mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L.     

Callus induction and plant regeneration from cotyledonary explants of ash gourd (Benincasa hispida L.)

A protocol for the production of complete plantlets through multiple shoots from the cotyledon-derived calli of ash gourd (Benincasa hispida L.) is described. The embryos were excised from mature seeds and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurin (BAP, 1–5 μM). After 10 days the well-developed green cotyledons from the growing embryos were isolated and cultured on MS medium fortified with 2,4-D (1–6 μM). The cultured cotyledons gave rise to luxuriantly growing calli after 6 weeks. These calli were subcultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of BAP (1–6 μM) alone or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA, 0.2 and 0.5 μM) for regeneration. The regenerated shoots were multiplied and rooted on quarter strength MS medium supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid or NAA (1–5 μM). The rooted shoots were transplanted to soil with 90% success.     

狗枣猕猴桃叶片离体培养的器官、体细胞胚形成与植株再生(英文)

以狗枣猕猴桃试管苗的叶片为外植体,接种于含3%蔗糖和0.2%Gelrite的BW培养基上,外加2,4-D(0,0.1,1和10μmol/L)与玉米素(0,1和10μmol/L)的12种激素组合,置于25℃,光周期为16/8h,光照强度为4000lx的条件下培养。在含1或10μmol/L2,4-D与1或10μmol/L玉米素组合的BW培养基上,产生了体细胞胚,并分化出小植株。随着玉米素浓度的增加,每个外植体上的胚再生频率和体细胞胚的数量也随之增加。同时以叶片为外植体产生的狗枣猕猴桃试管苗的愈伤组织表层产生了不定芽,并抽长成枝。发枝率随着玉米素浓度的增加而增加,并受高浓度的2,4-D所抑制。枝芽转接到含1μmol/LNAA的BW培养基上生根,长成小植株。     

Callus induction and plant regeneration in Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. an important medicinal plant

Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. is an important medicinal twining herb belonging to the family sapindaceae. A method for rapid micropropagation of C. helicacabum through plant regeneration from leaf and nodal explant derived calli has been developed. The nodal and leaf segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D; 0.5–9 μM) for callus induction. Callus production was highest at 5 μM 2,4-D where 96 and 90% of cultured leaf and nodal cuttings produced callus, respectively. The viable calli were maintained at reduced concentration of 2,4-D (2 μM). These calli were transferred to MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA; 2–10 μM) or kinetin (2–10 μM) alone or in combination with indole 3-acetic acid (IAA; 0.2–1.0 μM) for shoot regeneration. The addition of low concentrations of IAA into BA or kinetin containing medium significantly increased the frequency of shoot regeneration in both nodal cuttings and leaf-derived calli. The highest number of adventitious shoots (28 per callus) formed at 8 μM Kin and 0.5 μM IAA. For rooting of the shoots, half-strength MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of indole 3-acetic acid, indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) and (alpha)-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) 1–5 μM was tried. The optimal result was observed on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 2.5 μM IBA, on which 91% of the regenerated shoots developed roots with an average of 4.2 roots per shoot within 45 days. The in vitro raised plantlets were acclimatized and transferred to soil with 90% success. This in vitro propagation protocol should be useful for conservation as well as mass propagation of this medicinal plant.     

紫龙角愈伤组织诱导与植株再生的研究

以紫龙角的不同器官为试材,研究不同植物生长调节剂浓度及组合、培养基、光照、外植体等因素对其愈伤组织诱导和植株再生的影响。结果表明:愈伤组织诱导的最佳外植体是不带腋芽茎块,在麦基1号+CH+6-BA 1.0～1.8mg/L+2,4-D 0.5～2.0mg/L的培养基上,暗培养6d时诱导率高达90%以上;质地紧密,有一定疏松度,是建立细胞无性系的优良材料。带腋芽茎块是直接诱导丛生芽的理想外植体,H+TDZ 4mg/L+NAA 0.4mg/L培养基适合丛生芽生长、增殖诱导率达到91%。复壮增殖不定芽的培养基为改良的H+TDZ 4mg/L+NAA 0.4mg/L;1/2MS+NAA 2.5mg/L是最佳生根培养基,每个不定芽平均有效根数最高为6.17个。     

苹果体细胞悬浮培养及植株再生研究

以苹果试管苗叶片的再生不定芽嫩叶为试材,对苹果体细胞悬浮系的建立及植株再生的影响因素进行了研究.结果表明:在MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+BA 2.0 mg/L培养基上可诱导获得高活力的愈伤组织.将该愈伤组织转入MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+BA 1.0 mg/L液体培养基中培养,采用无菌筛网分离获得含单个细胞和少于8～10个细胞的小细胞团进行继代培养,建立体悬浮细胞培养系.将悬浮细胞转到MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+BA 1.0 mg/L的固体增殖培养基上暗培养25 d后,可形成微型愈伤组织,将该愈伤组织转到MS+BA 5.0 mg/L+IAA 0.5 mg/L的植株再生培养基上暗培养30 d后转入光下,光照培养30 d后53％的愈伤组织可再生植株.该研究建立的苹果体细胞悬浮培养技术,不仅可用于细胞融合及遗传转化过程中杂种细胞和转化细胞的分离及植株再生研究,而且对于利用组织培养技术筛选变异株系也具有重要意义.     

防风愈伤组织培养研究

以防风为试材,研究不同外植体、激素组合对愈伤组织诱导及不定芽分化的影响。结果表明:茎段是防风组织培养较为合适的外植体。茎段在添加2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+6-BA 1.0mg/L的MS培养基上愈伤组织诱导率最高可达100%,叶片在添加2,4-D 1.0 mg/L+6-BA 1.0mg/L的MS培养基上愈伤组织诱导率可达75%;继代后的愈伤组织转到6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA0.5 mg/L的MS分化培养基上进行分化,其分化率达72%。     

芜菁高频率再生体系的建立及优化

以3个品种芜菁的带柄子叶和胚轴为外植体,采用苯基噻二唑基脲（thidiazuron,TDZ）配合NAA以及BA配合NAA两种组合研究了适于芜菁离体再生的外植体类型和激素组合。发现带柄子叶为外植体,TDZ 7.0 mg·L^-1 + NAA 1.0 mg·L^-1的组合对不定芽分化最为有利。以此离体再生体系为基础,针对AgNO3浓度、苗龄、2,4-D预培养时间3个因素进行优化,得到了芜菁高频率离体再生体系。结果表明：采用5 d苗龄的带柄子叶作为外植体,在含有2,4-D 1.0 mg·L^-1的MS培养基上预培养2 d,添加TDZ 7.0 mg·L^-1 + NAA 1.0 mg·L^-1 + AgNO3 5.0 mg·L^-1的MS培养基为分化培养基对芜菁离体再生最为有利。依品种不同,最高分化率可以达到90%左右。分化后得到的不定芽在IBA 0.1 mg·L^-1的MS培养基上可以100%生根,移植成活率达95%。     

不同激素水平对百合愈伤组织诱导研究

以百合根状茎、幼茎、叶片、离体胚为外植体,4种激素2,4-D、NAA、6-BA、ZT采用L9(34)正交实验处理,对愈伤组织诱导的条件进行研究。结果表明:6-BA和2,4-D在诱导百合愈伤组织中作用极为显著,4种激素对愈伤组织的诱导作用大小依次为:6-BA2,4-DNAAZT,初步断定百合愈伤组织诱导的最佳激素配比是:2,4-D0.2 mg/L+NAA0.9 mg/L+6-BA1.0 mg/L+ZT0.25 mg/L;根茎和幼茎作为外植体更易诱导愈伤组织形成;暗培养较光暗交替培养褐化率低。     

De novo differentiation of shoot buds from leaf-callus of Dianthus caryophyllus L. and control of hyperhydricity

A method is described for producing de novo shoots from leaf derived callus of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Plants were regenerated in four steps, viz. callus induction, shoot regeneration, removal of hyperhydricity from regenerated shoots and root development. Callus induction medium contained 2,4-D and BAP. Shoot buds were formed when the callus was further subcultured on 2,4-D- and BAP-containing medium, or MS medium without any growth regulators. The shoots so formed were hyperhydric, bushy in appearance with reduced stem length and watery leaves. The normal conformation of shoots was restored by culturing the hyperhydric shoots onto medium supplemented with GA₃ and bactopeptone. The recovered shoots were rooted on MS medium added with NAA (1 mg/l) or IBA (2 mg/l). Regenerated plants with well-developed root and shoot systems were successfully transferred to field conditions after initial acclimation.     

胡萝卜愈伤组织诱导培养的研究

以胡萝卜"七寸人参"为试材,探讨了不同外植体、激素、培养基、光照对胡萝卜愈伤组织诱导的影响。结果表明:胡萝卜愈伤组织的诱导以下胚轴为外植体为宜;在添加2,4-D1.0mg/L和KT 0.5mg/L的MS培养基上愈伤组织的诱导频率为100%,且愈伤组织生长良好,增殖快速;光照对愈伤组织的诱导没有影响,但却进一步阻碍了愈伤组织的增殖生长。     

Callus induction from protocorm-like body segments and plant regeneration in Cymbidium (Orchidaceae)

Summary

Embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration in Cymbidium Great Flower ‘Rainbow Drop’ were examined. Longitudinally bisected segments of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) formed calli within about one month on modified Vacin and Went medium (1949) supplemented with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) alone or in combination with N-phenyl-N’-l, 2, 3-thiadiazol-5-yl urea (TDZ).The combination of 0.5 mg l^–1 NAA and 0.1 mg l^–1 TDZ was found to be the most effective for callus induction. The calli grew well when subcultured every four weeks on the same medium. The calli easily formed PLBs after being transferred to media without plant growth regulators. Healthy plantlets without any phenotypic abnormality were obtained from callus-derived PLBs.     

香花槐花器官的组织培养及植株再生研究

采用香花槐的花器官做外植体,进行组织培养和植株再生系统的研究.结果表明:2,4-D对于香花槐愈伤诱导的启动是必需的,而多种激素配比会使诱导率提高;选择浓度为0.3～0.5 mg/L的BA和浓度为0.1 mg/L的NAA配合使用,能使花药愈伤达到较高分化率;1/2MS IBA 0.05 mg/L和1/2MS IBA 1.0 mg/L的诱导组培苗生根效果较好.     

结缕草愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

 以日本结缕草种子为外植体，2份材料在附加2,4-D 2.0 mg/L水平的Ms培养基上愈伤组织诱导率较高；在含不同水平2,4-D的培养基中添加6-BA对非胚性愈伤组织转变成胚性愈伤组织起重要作用，其中2,4-D 2.0 mg/L配合6-BA 0.1mg/L的Ms培养基诱导出的胚性愈伤组织比例较高；胚性愈伤组织在2,4-D为0.1mg/L的分化培养基上分化率和生根率最高，为46.8％~ 48.1％。     

薰衣草叶片高频再生体系的建立

 以薰衣草叶片为外植体进行了离体再生研究。结果表明: 叶片愈伤组织诱导最佳的培养基是MS + 2,4-D 0.1 mg/L + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L, 诱导率高达100%; 液体悬浮—固体培养芽分化率达92.5% , 芽数/愈伤组织达6.6; 正交试验筛选出芽增殖最佳培养基为MS +NAA 2.0 mg/L + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L + IAA 1.0 mg/L, 其增殖系数高达8.7; 在芽增殖培养基上可直接生根, 生根率达100%。     

菊花花瓣的组织培养技术研究

以紫色线状菊花花瓣为外植体,研究了不同培养基组成、外植体摆放方式、光照条件对其再生的影响.结果表明:菊花花瓣诱导适宜光照时间是12～16 h/d;花瓣花背向上比花背向下效果不定芽的诱导效果好,而在愈伤组织诱导时花背向下比花背向上效果好;MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L或2,4-D 1.0 mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L可作为外植体的愈伤组织诱导的培养基;MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L能直接从花瓣上诱导产生不定芽;MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L+6-BA 1.5 mg/L丛生芽诱导率高,且产生的丛生芽质量高;1/2MS+IBA 0.3 mg/L为适宜的生根培养基.