闽南山地桉树纤维材优良无性系的选择研究

对福建漳州岩溪、天马 2个试验点 1 3个桉树纤维材无性系的生长性状、木材纤维形态和化学组分等性能进行测定与分析 ,并经多性状综合评判 ,选择出具有较高的生长量、生物量和纤维产量 ,适合闽南山地发展的C9、C1 0、EC1、EC3、C6共 5个纤维材优良无性系 ,其中尤以C9、C1 0、EC1三个无性系的各性状为最优。这 5个无性系 ,3a生年平均树高和胸径生长量、每株干材重量和纤维产量分别可达 3 93～ 6 60m、3 83～ 4 97cm ,9 71～ 2 0 48kg·a- 1 和 4 3 6～ 9 5 2kg·a- 1 ,而且木材纤维形态和化学组成等特性良好 ,可进一步扩大繁殖、推广应用。     

闽南山地桉树纤维材优良品系的选择研究

对漳州岩溪、天马两个试验点桉树纤维材45个品系选择试验林生长性状、木材纤维形态和化学组分等性能的测定与分析,并经多性状综合评判,从中选择出C9、C10、DH32-27、EC1、DH32-22、EC3、C6、W7、DH32-29、U6、pH33-22、CE2、CE33-22等13个纤维材优良品系,其中尤为以C9、C10、DH32-27、EC1、DH32-22五个品系的各性状为最优.这13个品系不但有较高的生长量、生物量和纤维产量,2～3a生年平均树高、胸径、杆材重量、纤维产量以及杆率分别可达3.93m-6.60m、3.83cm-4.97cm、9.71kg株-1.a1-20.48kg.株-1.a1、4.36kg.株-1.a1-9.52kg.株-1.a1和0.851,而且木材纤维形态和化学组成等特性良好,平均木材密度、纤维含量、纤维长度、纤维长宽比、1%NaOH抽出物、苯醇抽出物等指标分别为0.551g.cm-3、44.5%、0.875mm、52、16.%%和2.43%,是适合闽南山地发展桉树纤维材的优良品质,可进一步扩大繁殖推广应用.     

施肥对尾赤桉无性系DH_(201-2)生长和材性影响的研究

施肥对尾赤桉无性系DH201-2生长和材性影响的试验研究结果表明,施肥能明显提高林分生长量和纤维产量,但对DH201-2无性系木材的纤维长度、长宽比、基本密度以及纤维含量等影响较小,不同施肥处理的材性均符合木材制浆造纸工艺的要求。提出闽南山地DH201-2纤维材培育的合理施肥组合为N 150 kg.hm-2+P2O5150 kg.hm-2+K2O 100 kg.hm-2,该施肥组合不但可促进林分速生、丰产,而且可以达到优质。     

21年生杉木优良无性系生长与材质性状研究

对来源于湖南省的38个杉木无性系在江西省分宜县大岗山年珠林场21年生试验林各生长性状进行了调查与分析,选出4个杉木优良无性系43、68、88、300和大岗山杉木一般生产用种ck进行生长性状和材性性状对比研究。结果表明:4个优良无性系总体胸径与木材基本密度之间存在极显著负相关关系(r=-0.331),优良无性系43胸径生长量、单株材积生长量和木材基本密度均优于对照,可作为生长和材性性状联合选择的建筑材无性系;各优良无性系纤维长宽比均高于对照,优良无性系300长宽比最大且长纤维最多,最适宜用作纸桨材;各无性系不同林龄间纤维长度的差异较为明显,为杉木优良纸桨材无性系最佳采伐时间的确定提供了理论基础。     

乔木柳纸浆用材优良无性系的选育

根据短纤维造纸用材的需要及乔木柳性状遗传变异规律,制定乔木柳纸浆用材优良无性系的选育目标,经过苗期测定、林期测定、多地点造林试验,研究了各无性系的生长性状、木材密度和纤维性状、对长江季节性淹水的适应性及对病虫害的抗性.经过综合评价,选育出苏柳485(Salix×jiangsuensis CL.‘485')、苏柳191(Salix×jiangsuensis CL.‘191')、苏柳483(Salix×jiangsuensis CL.‘483')和苏柳126(Salix×jiangsuensis CL.‘126')等4个乔木柳纸浆用材优良无性系,它们在长江滩地,4年生平均树高达11.30～13.78 m,平均胸径11.42～13.90 cm,平均单株树干材积0.057 8～0.104 5 m3,木材基本密度438～518 kg/m3,平均纤维长度0.835～0.910 mm,纤维长/宽比47.11～51.73,按2 m×2 m的密度造林,木材绝干产量达18.75～32.20 t/(hm2*a),淹水枯梢等级为1.8～3.0,对季节性淹水的适应能力强于苏柳172,适于在长江中下游及华北平原的江滩、湖滩造林,是营建造纸用材林的优良无性系.     

杉木纸浆材无性系选择研究

经过16a对杉木无性系材积、单株干物质、单株纤维量、纤维长、纤维宽、纤维长宽比、纤维含量、木材密度的变异规律和各性状间的相关关系进行了研究。结果表明：无性系间各性状存在极显著差异,纤维长、宽不受立地影响。材积、纤维含量、木材密度对单株纤维量贡献率分别为61．7％、22．6％、15．7％。各性状遗传力0．51～0．68。选出了长纤维型造纸材优良无性系12个、中纤维型造纸材优良无性系4个、适合立地条件较差的造纸材优良无性系4个。     

闽南杉木优良无性系选择

对闽南 14a生杉木无性系测定林调查分析表明 ,参试的各无性系、对照在生长性状上的差异都达到极显著的水平 ,杂交组合表现一般 ;无性系广义遗传力 (含杂交组合 )均较大 (0 5 4～ 0 90 )。以材积指标为主对杉木无性系进行评价 ,从参试的 16个无性系及杂交组合中筛选出表现最好的立 1- 16 5、新 6、立 1- 3、立 1- 8和立 1- 13等5个优良无性系 ,14a生时的平均值分别为 10 5 6m、13 9cm和 0 0 7931m3 ,平均遗传增益分别为 4 70 %、10 0 4 %和2 4 0 7% ,尤其是立 1- 16 5无性系 ,生长优势最为明显。这些优良无性系可在闽南推广应用     

不同林分密度对桉树幼林木材材性的影响

对两种桉树无性系(巨细桉DH201-2和尾巨桉DH32-29)在5种不同林分密度下(1250、1657、2500、5000和6667株.hm-2)的木材材性(包括木材基本密度和纤维形态特征)进行了测量和研究分析(纤维形态特征分两种不同材型分析:心材与边材)。结果表明:无性系DH201-2的林分密度3(2 500株.hm-2)木材基本密度最大,为452 kg.m-3,DH32-29以林分密度2(1657株.hm-2)的木材密度最大,为436 kg.m-3;相同无性系相同林分密度下,边材纤维长度比心材纤维长度长,边材长宽比一般比心材长宽比要大,纤维宽度则无显著差异;无性系DH201-2的林分密度3(2500株.hm-2)和林分密度5(6667株.hm-2)是符合林分蓄积量、木材基本密度和纤维长度最大值的组合。     

无性系杉木木材物理性质研究

对金洞林场杉木无性系19年生(不含苗龄)的木材物理性质研究,结果表明:杉木优良无性系木材的基本密度、径向干缩率、弦向干缩率、体积干缩率分别是0.279 g.cm-3、2.90%、5.10%和7.85%;整个无性系的基本密度、径向干缩率、弦向干缩率、体积干缩率分别是0.301 g.cm-3、3.28%、5.26%和8.27%;而对照CK的基本密度、径向干缩木材基率、弦向干缩率、体积干缩率分别是0.275 g.cm-3、2.80%、5.10%和8.00%.研究证明:杉木优良无性系不但木材产量高,而且木材质量也并不比当地实生苗差.选用杉木优良无性系造林,不但能增加木材产量,而且材质也不会因速生而变劣.     

毛白杨材性指标预测及选择

采用非破坏性测定木材材质的Pilodyn测定指标,研究毛白杨28个无性系间的材性遗传差异.室外测定毛白杨活立木胸径(DBH)和南向Pilodyn测定值(Ps),室内测定木芯木材基本密度(Ds)和木材外侧基本密度(Dso),对Pilodyn测定结果与木材密度作统计分析.研究结果表明:按照Ps、Dso及Ds分别将各个无性系的平均值进行排序,3个序列间存在极显著的相关关系(-0.749～0.651).毛白杨单株间Ps、Dso和Ds间存在极显著的相关关系(-0.506～0.706),毛白杨各个无性系Ps、Dso和Ds平均值间也存在极显著的相关关系(-0.840～0.808),使用Ps、Ds和Dso3个材质性状对毛白杨无性系进行方差分析,均得到各个无性系间存在极显著差异的结果.以这3个材性指标分别和胸径的平均值各自将28个无性系分为4类:A)高密度快生长;B)低密度快生长;C)高密度慢生长;D)低密度慢生长.经方差分析和多重比较结果证明,使用3个材性指标所分的4类各个类别间均差异显著.通过分类结果选择出11,12,346,191,337,24,384共7个生长快且木材密度高的毛白杨无性系.     

36个美洲黑杨无性系基本材性遗传变异的研究*

山东省长清县３６个８年生美洲黑杨无性的木材基本密度、纤维长度，树高和胸径在无性系间的变异达极显著水平，用选优法选出５个密度较高，纤维较生，生长较快的优良无性系，它们的引种号分别是１３号，３号，３４号，２２号和８号，除２２号起源于加拿大外，其余均起源于美国，木材基本密度，纤维长度，树高和胸径的广义遗传力分别为０．３２、０．４０、０．４３和０．７１，材性和生长性受中等或较强遗传控制。树木生长速度分别与     

杨树无性系生长和材性的遗传变异及多性状选择

以７年生２５个杨树无性系为材料研究了生长和材质性状的遗传变异及性状之间的相关．６个性状纤维长、纤维宽、长宽比、木材密度、树高、胸径在无性系间均存在极显著的差异。生长和材质性状受中等更强度的遗传控制．６个性状的重复力分别为８１．９％，７３．３％，７０．５２％。６４．３％．６８．８％，７０．５４％．胸径和树高之间、纤维长度与纤维长宽比、胸径之间、木材密度与胸径之间都呈现出较高的遗传正相关．宜接选择效果优于间接选择，指数选择优于直接选择。由４性状树高、胸径、纤维长度与基本密度配合的选择指数对本实验群体比较合适。利用选择指数评选出４个生长和材质兼优的优良无性系。     

Influence on pulping yield and pulp properties of wood density of Acacia melanoxylon

Wood density and pulp yield are key parameters in the evaluation of tree productivity and quality for pulping and their relationships are of high practical importance. The influence of wood density on pulp yield and other pulp quality parameters was investigated using Acacia melanoxylon and its natural variability as a case study. Twenty trees were harvested (five trees in each of four sites in Portugal), and wood discs taken at different height levels, from the base to the top of the tree, providing 100 wood samples, covering the natural variability of wood density ranging from 449?kg?m^?3 to 649?kg?m^?3. Under the same experimental conditions of kraft pulping, screened pulp yield ranged 47.0?C58.2?%, Kappa number 10.9?C18.4, ISO brightness 14.9?C45.6, fibre length 0.660?C0.940?mm and fibre width 16.2?C22.9???m. The pulp yield and Kappa number were not correlated with wood density. Higher pulp yields were associated with lower Kappa numbers and alkali consumption, suggesting the important role of chemical composition of wood on kraft cooking. The results confirm the high pulping potential of Acacia melanoxylon trees grown in Portugal and suggest the possibility of tree selection using both wood density and pulp yield.     

Effect of silvicultural practices on fibre properties of Eucalyptus wood from short-rotation plantations

The effect of nitrogen addition and weed management on fibre properties of wood from 6.5-year-old Eucalyptus grandis and E. tereticornis from intensively managed short-rotation plantations were investigated. Trees for analyses were sampled from plots with zero nitrogen input (n = 4), plots with high level (187 kg N ha^?1) nitrogen input (n = 4), plots from which weed growth was not removed throughout the rotation (n = 4) and plots from which weeds were removed periodically (n = 4). Fibre characteristics were evaluated on wood samples collected from base, breast height, 50, 75 and 100 % of merchantable bole height of trees. Though N input and weed management improved tree growth significantly irrespective of species, the treatment effects did not cause any significant change in fibre characteristics such as fibre length, fibre diameter, lumen width and wall thickness. Longest and widest fibres were observed at the outer most radial portion of wood in all cases. In general, within tree fibre length varied significantly along the radial direction of wood. Fibre diameter, lumen width and wall thickness lacked any specific pattern between species and treatments. Runkel ratio and felting and flexibility coefficients values showed high pulping quality of wood irrespective of species and treatments. The study concluded that the fibre properties that influence pulpwood quality of Eucalyptus have not been affected by silvicultural practices, like fertilizer input and weed management, aimed at improving productivity of short-rotation eucalypt plantations.     

几个黑杨杂交无性系的材质测定及其评价

杨树是我国重要的速生树种,也是作为造纸等工业原料的重要树种。生长量是杨树的重要性状指标,但除此之外,容积密度和纤维长等在材性上表现较佳的优良品种的培育也越来越受到社会的关注。中国的杨树材质研究过去大多都只一味地注重和研究与材性有关的性状,此次我们利用多个性状求出了选择指数,然后初步选择了生长量较好,且容积密度等材性性状也表现良好的无性系。调查对象为湖北省石首市原种场内栽植的13a生中天1号、中天4号、中潜1号、中监1号等13个无性系。调查项目为胸径及容积密度、纤维长、弹性模量等材性性状.参试株数为每个无性系16株(1个小区4株,重复4次)共208株。采用“日本林木育种中心”开发的方差分析软件Lsab02和Lsab21求出了最小二乘推定值,对无性系进行了评估,并利用胸径、容积密度、纤维长等性状求出了选择指数,初步选择出了生长和材质上均表现较佳的优良无性系。     

毛白杨优良无性系(新品种)材性测定研究

按生长性状预选出毛白杨１３年生１０个无性系用于材质测定。试材取自北方大兴县测定林,每无性系在３个重复中各抽样１株,伐倒取样,分析表明,毛白杨无性系间纤维长度,宽度和长宽比差异极显著,重复率依次为０．７７７,０．５３７和０．６７６;木材全年密度,早材密度和晚材密度差异极显著,重复率依次为０．５３６,０．５１４和０．４２９。     

Influence of initial planting spacing and genotype on microfibril angle,wood density,fibre properties and modulus of elasticity in Pinus radiata D. Don corewood

Pinus radiata D. Don trees from six clones, grown at initial spacings of 2500 stems ha⁻¹ and 833 stems ha⁻¹ were destructively harvested. For these trees wood properties were measured on radial slices sampled at a height of 1.4 m above the ground. Relative to wide spacing, close initial stand spacing significantly reduced microfibril angle (MFA) and ring width and significantly increased dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE), fibre length, latewood percentage and cell wall thickness. Density and fibre width were not significantly different between spacing treatments. Examination of the influence of genetic population on wood properties indicated that genotype significantly influenced MFA, MOE and ring width. The key wood properties MFA, MOE and fibre length were regressed against tree diameter, height and stem slenderness. All three wood properties were most strongly correlated with stem slenderness. Multiple regression models developed for MFA, MOE and ring width accounted for respectively 62%, 81% and 58% of the variation in these variables. The following changes occurred in sampled properties with increasing ring number: MFA and ring width declined markedly; MOE and fibre length increased markedly; latewood percentage and cell wall thickness increased slightly; and density and fibre width did not show any radial trend.     

马尾松造纸材种源选择

在南、中、北亚热带地区三片九年生马尾松种源试验林中(广西南宁、江西安福、浙江鄞县),采集9个代表性种源试样,测试28项包括木材构造、物理和化学的性状,进行种源间比较选择,结果是:①经试验点内及多点方差分析,各性状种源间差异远大于种源内个体间差异,且种源与试验点间存在互作。②主要造纸经济性状(管胞宽、长宽比、双壁厚、腔径和壁腔比等)遗传力估值均大于0.6,受强度的遗传控制。③材性与生长性状间相关分析表明,在马尾松速生地区作高、径性状的正向选择会导致种源或个体的管胞长宽比、晚材率和壁腔比下降,管胞宽度及腔径增大,这为间接选择提供依据。④取与造纸性能关系紧密的11项木材性状,综合选择出高州、宁明、吉安和德江等优良种源。     

杨树新无性系木材性质的变异研究

The wood basic density, cellulose content and fiber form were investigated for all sample trees at breast height (1.3m) in seven poplar clones, and at 0 (butt), 5.6, 9.6, 13.6, 17.6, 19.6 and 21.6 m for clone Nanlin-95 and Nanlin-895, respectively,for providing information on variation patterns of wood density, fiber characteristics and holocellulose content within trees and among clones. The results showed that significant variations about wood density, cellulose content, fiber diameter and the ratio of fiber length to diameter existed among poplar clones examined. Variance analysis indicated that there were significant differences in wood basic density, fiber length, fiber diameter and cellulose content among the growth rings, which had an increasing tendency along the direction from pith to bark. The significant differences also existed in wood basic density, fiber length and fiber diameter at different tree height. The mean wood basic density had a general increase trend with increasing height of trees and the lowest was found at the base, while fiber length and fiber diameter had a general decline pattern with increasing height of trees and the biggest value was observed at the height of 5.6 m. Regression analysis indicated that the relationship between examined wood properties and growth ring number (cambial age), and the relationship between examined wood properties and tree height can be described by polynomial functions.