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苹果腐烂病是苹果生产中的主要病害,本文主要依据2018年气候及苹果生产情况,提出苹果腐烂病的发病条件、发病规律及防治办法。 相似文献
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苹果腐烂病是陇东苹果生产上的重要病害之一,它具有发病普遍、潜伏期长、危害严重、防治困难等特点.多年来,该区果农采用多种方法防治腐烂病,取得一定效果,但是防治腐烂病的药剂多以福美砷为主要成分,用这些药剂防治苹果腐烂病不但伤疤愈合效果差,复发率较高,达10%~15%,而且造成了环境污染,影响了无公害苹果新技术的推广普及. 相似文献
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张家口市苹果主要病虫害发生与防治现状调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2010~2011年对张家口市苹果主要病虫害的发生与防治现状进行了调查。结果表明:张家口市苹果主要病害是腐烂病,其次是褐斑病、褐腐病和雹灾,再次是斑点病、蝇粪黑点病、根腐病和冻害;主要虫害是朝鲜球坚蚧和山楂叶螨,其次是桃小食心虫、金纹细蛾和顶梢卷叶蛾。腐烂病主要是刮治后涂药防治,叶部病害和大多数虫害主要是化学药剂喷雾防治,其它病虫害一般不防治,能够对大多数病虫危害的枝皮果叶等进行处理。重点对腐烂病的发生与防治进行了探讨。 相似文献
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陕西苹果主产区果实农药残留水平及其评价 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
2003~2005年连续3年对陕西20个苹果基地县的农药残留状况采用GC和HPLC方法进行了监测,并以国家规定的苹果农药最大残留限量进行了评价。结果表明,陕西苹果的农药检出率为48.6%,样品农药检出率为93.6%。检出率2%以上的农药依次为多菌灵(89.5%)、甲氰菊酯(18.7%)、六六六(16.7%)、氯氰菊酯(15.7%)、氰戊菊酯(13.4%)、乐果(11.5%)、溴氰菊酯(11.2%)、滴滴涕(9.0%)、三氟氯氰菊酯(6.7%)、百菌清(5.8%)、异菌脲(5.3%)、毒死蜱(3.8%)、敌敌畏(2.3%)、氟氯氰菊酯(2.2%)和克菌丹(2.1%)。超标的农药有多菌灵(9.50%)、敌敌畏(1.54%)、辛硫磷(0.77%)和氰戊菊酯(0.75%);经单项农药污染指数、污染指数≥0.5的样品比率、检出率、超标率的综合评价发现,陕西苹果主要污染农药为杀菌剂中的多菌灵,拟除虫菊酯类的甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯和有机磷农药中的敌敌畏。 相似文献
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武汉市农业面源污染现状及治理对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从化肥施用、农药使用、农膜使用现状3个方面阐述了武汉市农业面源污染现状和为害性,分析了武汉市农业面源污染产生的原因,提出了建立政府主导的农业面源污染治理机制、应用化肥减量化技术、应用农药减量化和残留控制技术、推广可降解地膜等治理面源污染的对策。 相似文献
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黄瓜花叶病毒病防治策略研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对黄瓜花叶病毒病防治现状,分析不同防治策略的优缺点,指出药剂防治、生物制剂、疫苗等由于污染环境、防效不明显等原因,在防治CMV上的应用受到越来越多的限制;常规育种由于缺少抗源及育种周期长,在抗CMV育种上成效较低.转基因技术由于基因资源丰富、育种周期短、抗性稳定、不污染环境等优点,在抗CMV研究上有较广泛的应用价值,获得了一批对CMV有较好抗性的转基因植株.运用植物细胞工程技术结合理化诱变因子诱变筛选抗CMV突变体,为创造抗CMV突变系提供了有益的尝试. 相似文献
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施用农药福美胂对苹果果园砷污染的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
重金属元素砷是果品质量安全的重要控制对象之一。为了解苹果生产过程中砷元素的残留污染情况,为其污染控制提供依据,对连续使用福美胂农药5年的苹果园的果实、叶片、枝干、根系及土壤中的砷含量进行了调查。结果表明,果树喷施或主干涂抹福美胂均不同程度提高了树体各部位和果园土壤中的砷元素含量,其中叶片、主枝皮部、主干皮部和浅层主根(0~40 cm)中的砷含量较高,果实中砷含量也有所增加。喷施处理显著提高了叶片和主枝中的砷含量,使表层土壤(0~20 cm)砷含量也明显提高;涂抹处理显著提高了主干和主枝皮部的砷含量,果实中的砷含量也明显高于对照。涂抹处理的树体砷总累积量高于喷施处理,且地上部分砷总累积量均高于地下部分;各器官中,浅层主根是砷残留累积的主要部位。使用福美胂对苹果园的砷污染表现出持效期长、范围广的特点。 相似文献
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M. E. Poulsen A. Naef S. Gasser D. Christen P. H. Rasmussen 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):58-61
SummarySeven pesticide application strategies were investigated to control apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) and, at the same time, fulfil the new quality standards implemented by some German retailers. These demand that pesticide residues should be below 80% of European Maximum Residue Levels (EU MRL) and that the number of residues present at levels above 0.01 mg kg?1 should be limited to a maximum of four. The strategies fulfilled the requirement to use combinations of different active substances in order to prevent the emergence of resistance to pesticides. The trials were conducted at two sites in Switzerland, in 2007, and all strategies and applications were in accordance with actual practice. Four replicates of apple samples from each strategy were then analysed for pesticide residues. The incidence of infection with apple scab and powdery mildew were monitored during the season in order to evaluate the efficacy of the different strategies. The efficacies of the different strategies against apple scab and powdery mildew were between 84% and 100% successful. In general, the level of pesticide residues found correlated with application rate and time, and no measured residue level exceeded the EU–MRL. The numbers of residues present at > 0.01 mg kg?1 were between two and five. 相似文献
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苹果连作障碍研究进展 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
苹果连作障碍是制约苹果产业可持续发展的重要因素。苹果连作障碍的起因多而复杂,一些可能的因素在不同地区甚至同一地区不同果园也会不同,给苹果连作障碍的防控带来较大困难。概述了引起苹果连作障碍的主要原因,以及防治苹果连作障碍的主要方法,结合本课题组近10年来的相关研究,主要从连作苹果园土壤微生物群落结构变化、化感自毒作用(酚酸类物质)、土壤理化性质劣变等方面介绍了苹果连作障碍机制的研究进展;并从合理轮作、间套作和混作、深翻客土、施用有机物料等农艺措施,化学熏蒸、物理消毒等土壤消毒措施,抗性砧木选育等抗性育种措施,颉颃细菌、颉颃真菌、颉颃植物等生物防控措施方面介绍了苹果连作障碍防控的研究进展。对今后苹果连作障碍机理的进一步研究及防控技术的发展方向提出了展望。 相似文献
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Characterisation of apple replant disease under South African conditions and potential biological management strategies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A possible biological origin of apple replant disease (ARD) in South Africa was investigated. Elements responsible for stunted growth and root discolouration could not be reduced to a level having no negative effect on apple seedlings by dilution of the original ARD field soils, with increased proportions of fumigated soil, from 100% to 25%. Pythium, Fusarium and Cylindrocarpon spp. were consistently isolated from all replant soils forming part of this study and Rhizoctonia spp. to a lesser degree, indicating that these fungi may play a role in ARD etiology in South Africa. Further research is needed, since identifications were not made to species level and no pathogenicity tests were performed. Nematodes implicated in ARD were inconsistently associated with the ARD soils tested, indicating only a secondary role. Furthermore, studies were conducted to investigate more environmentally friendly disease control alternatives to replace methyl bromide in ARD management. Applications of compost and compost extracts were identified as promising, practical tools for managing ARD, especially under the marginal production conditions of South African apple producing regions. In pot trials, the application of compost, as well as sterilised and unsterilised compost extracts, significantly increased growth of apple seedlings in ARD soils. Although results varied with addition of a slow release fertiliser, compost and compost extracts still significantly increased seedling growth parameters for several of the ARD soils tested, suggesting that they can ameliorate the effects of ARD, in addition to supplying nutrients. Three field trials were conducted in commercial orchards to verify pot trial results and to compare the impact of organic amendments on ARD severity with the standard fumigation control methods. Compost and mulch consistently increased shoot growth to the same or greater extent as the standard chemical treatments, for the 2-year trial period. 相似文献
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化肥有机肥配施对苹果叶片养分、品质及产量的影响 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
通过连续5 年(2005—2009)田间定位试验,比较只施磷钾化肥(PK)、只施NPK 化肥(NPK)、
施等量氮磷钾养分有机肥(M)、NPK 化肥和有机肥配合施用(化肥有机肥氮各占一半,NPKM)对苹果
树叶片养分含量、果实产量及品质的影响。结果表明:萌芽期NPK 处理叶片N、P、K 养分含量高于NPKM
和M 处理,而果实膨大期至成熟期,NPKM 及M 处理的叶片N、P、K 含量显著高于NPK 和PK 处理。
连续5 年不同施肥处理使苹果平均产量提高34.6% ~ 42.3%,年均产量顺序为NPKM > NPK ≥
M > PK。NPKM 处理5 年平均产量高达36.88 t · hm-2。2009 年NPKM 处理果径大于80 mm 的优质商品
果数所占比例达71.34%,NPKM 处理的果实糖酸比最高(39.3)。维生素C、可溶性固形物含量及硬度均
为NPKM 处理最高。NPKM 和M 处理的土壤有机质含量提高幅度较大,较对照(PK)处理分别提高了
69.6%和58.5%。化肥有机肥配施提高了苹果产量和品质,果园土壤肥力增强,是果园简单易行的环保型
施肥技术。 相似文献