干旱胁迫下云杉内源激素的响应及其气孔调节

为给抗旱性的深入研究提供理论依据,采用盆栽法比较了3年生红皮云杉和嫩江云杉苗木在不同水分条件下几种内源激素的变化.结果表明:随着土壤含水量的降低(40％～12％),2种云杉根、茎、叶中的ABA含量都有上升的趋势,可达到对照的2～5倍,且嫩江云杉的上升幅度大于红皮云杉.在轻度甚至中度干旱时,红皮云杉IAA的含量有所上升,...     

Water stress and seedling growth of two eucalypt species from contrasting habitats

Seedlings of Eucalyptus maculata Hook (mesic environment) and E. brockwayi C.A. Gardn. (arid environment) were supplied 100, 70 or 40% of their water requirements estimated from leaf area and the water used by well-watered seedlings. Restricting water supply caused large differences in growth rates, which were related to large differences in total leaf area. There was a fivefold range of variation in number of leaves per plant, and a reduction of up to 20% in average leaf size as a consequence of restricting water supply. Eucalyptus maculata seedlings produced more dry matter than E. brockwayi seedlings, but net assimilation rate was higher in E. brockwayi seedlings. Transpiration rates were also higher in E. brockwayi than in E. maculata. Leaf expansion was analyzed as a function of water stress integral (S(Psi)), which is the cumulative integral over time of predawn water potential below a datum. The leaf area achieved at any stress level was not uniquely dependent on total S(Psi), there was a secondary effect associated with reduced leaf growth caused by previous stress. At any value of S(Psi), reductions in leaf growth of water-stressed seedlings relative to leaf growth of well-watered control seedlings were greater in E. maculata seedlings than in E. brockwayi. Treatment differences in both species showed that, within the levels of stress applied, a moderate water stress over a long period of time was more detrimental to dry matter production than a severe stress for a short time.     

The role of cold storage and seed source in the germination of three Mediterranean shrub species with contrasting dormancy types

Context

The use of native species in ecological restoration is highly recommended but, in practice, it is often impaired by knowledge gaps in the germination ecology of suitable species.

Aims

This study aimed to assess the role of storage conditions and seed source on the germination of three Mediterranean shrub species with contrasting types of dormancy.

Methods

Ripe fruits were harvested at two or three distant locations in mainland Portugal. Seeds were subjected to three treatments consisting in different storage conditions: cold storage at low and high moisture conditions, plus a control. Five replicates of up to 30 seeds were placed under constant temperature conditions and germination was monitored weekly during 14 weeks.

Results

The effect of cold storage at high moisture on germination differed between the three species and seed source played a significant role in the germination of all three species. In the case of the species with dormancy, the observed differences in germination could reflect changes in the species’ dormancy degree or sensitivity to dormancy breaking factors across their geographical range. In the case of Pistacia lentiscus (no dormancy), the results suggested a possible adaptation of the northern seed source to high moisture conditions.

Conclusions

The observed differences between species agreed well with their dormancy types, and the seed source-related differences could be adaptive features, as they seemed related with local climate conditions.     

Seasonal effect on rooting behaviour of important bamboo species by culm cuttings

We investigated the influence of season on the rooting behaviour of eight important bamboo species viz., Bambusa balcooa, B.bambos, B. nutans, B. tulda, B. vulgaris, Dendrocalamus giganteus, D.hamiltonii and D. strictus. We collected 2 3 node culm cuttings in three growing seasons viz. spring (March), summer (June) and rainy (August)from superior candidate plus clumps (CPCs) centralized in the germ-plasm garden. Cuttings were placed horizontally in sand and were provided with intermittent misting at regular intervals. Bamboo species exhibited differential rhizogenesis behavior in different seasons. The study reveals significant variation in sprouting and rooting behaviour indifferent bamboo species. B. bambos had maximum rooting (78.89%),followed by B. vulgaris (74.44%). In general, the potential of different bamboo species for rooting was found to be in the order: B. bambos > B.vulgaris > B. balcooa > D. hamiltonii > B. tulda > D. strictus > D.giganteus >B. nutans. The maximum rooting was recorded in spring(56.67%), which was closely followed by summer (54.58%). In winter season, minimum rooting (36.67%) was observed. The interaction effect of species × season was also significant on sprouting and rooting parameters. In B. balcooa, B. nutans, B. vulgaris, D. hamiltonii and D.strictus, cuttings collected in summer season showed maximum sprouting and rooting, whereas, B. bambos, B. tulda and D. giganteus had maximum rooting in spring. The maximum number of roots developed per cutting was observed in B. tulda (43.8) during spring season.     

Physiological and morphological responses to water stress in two Acacia species from contrasting habitats

Container-grown seedlings of Acacia tortilis Forsk. Hayne and A. xanthophloea Benth. were watered either every other day (well watered) or every 7 days (water-stressed) for 1 year in a greenhouse. Total plant dry mass (T(dm)), carbon allocation and water relations were measured monthly. Differences in leaf area (LA) accounted for differences in T(dm) between the species, and between well-watered and water-stressed plants. Reduction in LA as a result of water stress was attributed to reduced leaf initiation, leaf growth rate and leaf size. When subjected to prolonged water stress, Acacia xanthophloea wilted more rapidly than A. tortilis and, unlike A. tortilis, lost both leaves and branches. These differences between species were attributed to differences in the allocation of carbon between leaves and roots and in the ability to adjust osmotically. Rapid recovery in A. xanthophloea following the prolonged water-stress treatment was attributed to high cell wall elasticity. Previous exposure to water stress contributed to water-stress resistance and improved recovery after stress.     

邯郸市竹类植物种类及景观应用调查

通过对邯郸市竹类植物种类及应用方式调查,摸清了邯郸市竹类植物种类,总结竹类植物在邯郸市的景观应用形式以及与其他造园要素配置应用,最后对邯郸市竹类植物应用中存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策与建议。     

The effect of weed control and fertilization on survival and growth of four pine species in the Virginia Piedmont

The growth response of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.), Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana Mill.), and white pine (Pinus strobus L.) to weed control and fertilization in the Piedmont of Virginia was assessed. Four different silvicultural treatments were evaluated: (1) check (no treatment); (2) weed control; (3) fertilization; (4) weed control plus fertilization. The weed control treatment included a series of herbicide and mechanical treatments to eliminate competing hardwoods. The fertilizer treatments added N, P, K, and S. Survival and growth was measured annually through age 5. There were significant differences in survival and growth among species. Survival was greatest for loblolly pine, lower in shortleaf and Virginia pine, and lowest in white pine. Fertilization without controlling the competing hardwoods decreased survival in all planted pines due to the increased hardwood competition. Loblolly pine was tallest through the 5-year period, shortleaf and Virginia pine were shorter and white pine was shortest. Silvicultural treatments had no impact on tree height but significantly affected DBH. Weed control increased DBH while fertilization did not. When applied in combination with weed control, there was no additional increase in growth of the pines due to fertilization beyond that from weed control only. Fertilization stimulated the growth of the competing hardwoods which were significantly taller in the fertilized plots.     

南京地区园林绿化竹种生态适应性评价

针对南京地区城市绿化竹种要求,选择生长和抗性指标,用集对分析方法,分析和评价南京林业大学竹种园55个竹种的生态适应性。结果表明:丛生竹种中,金丝慈竹在南京地区生态适应较好;凤尾竹生态适应性差,小琴丝竹、孝顺竹竹种适应性中等。而散混生竹种中粽粑竹、四季竹、毛壳花哺鸡竹、衢县苦竹、宜兴苦竹、长叶苦竹、大明竹、矢竹、秋竹、翠竹、菲白竹、鹅毛竹等竹种生态适应性较好。黄皮绿筋竹、斑竹、白纹阴阳竹、平竹等竹种适应性较差,其他竹种适应性中等。     

淹水胁迫对落羽杉等4个树种苗木生长的影响

采用人工控制模拟大田淹水,研究了淹水胁迫下乌桕、落羽杉、山核桃、水松4个树种在生长和形态特征上的响应。结果表明:(1)水松、落羽杉表现出较适应淹水的典型反应,在淹水茎部产生皮孔的膨大和不定根,试验结束时水松、落羽杉受淹的根系表现正常;乌桕、山核桃则表现出淹水胁迫下受到明显的伤害,叶片变小、叶片数量减少,叶片萎蔫、失绿、坏死、脱落;乌桕受淹根系部分腐烂,而山核桃受淹根系大部分腐烂,腐烂程度较乌桕严重。(2)涝处理不同程度地抑制了树种的苗高、地径、生物量、根干质量的积累,涝害指数、叶面积指数能够在一定程度上反映树种的耐涝性。(3)4个供试树种耐涝性可分为3个等级,抗涝型为水松、落羽杉,中等抗涝型为乌桕,不抗涝型为山核桃。     

Genome-wide identification and cold stress-induced expression analysis of the CBF gene family in Liriodendron chinense

Cold-resistance pathways that operate in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa have been studied extensively.It has been found that CBF gen...     

江苏常见的3种蛀笋夜蛾比较及防治

对江苏3种常见的危害竹笋的夜蛾从形态、生物学和生态学特性、寄主范围和地理分布等方面进行比较研究，并对蛀笋夜蛾的防治方法进行了阐述。     

冷等离子体和2D树脂基防护剂对毛竹材的防护效果

采用滑动弧冷等离子体对竹条和圆竹筒进行处理,并将处理后的样品进行复合型防护药剂加压浸渍处理.采用质量增加率、平衡含水率、湿胀率以及竹条和竹筒的抗压强度等指标来考察防护药剂处理后对竹材性能的影响,并观察竹条和圆竹筒防护处理后的发霉情况.实验结果表明,竹条和圆竹筒表面在加压条件下对二羟甲基二羟乙基乙烯脲(2D树脂)+戊唑醇...     

丽水地区优良经济竹种资源的开发及利用

竹笋是“一种全能型营养蔬菜” ,它营养成分比一般蔬菜高出一倍以上 ,竹笋味鲜可口 ,宋代诗人杨万里曾作过“顿顿食笋莫食肉”的诗句 ,认为竹笋是“蔬菜中第一品”的佳肴。它既可作佐餐 ,又能治病 ,营养也十分丰富 ,高蛋白 ,低淀粉 ,低脂肪 ,还含有糖类及钙、磷、铁、胡萝卜素、维生素Ｂ１、Ｂ２、Ｃ等多种营养物质 ,其中人体所需的氨基酸特别丰富 ,竹笋的特异鲜味能使不少菜肴增添美味 ,有利食品摄入 ,起到特殊的营养作用。因此 ,很受国内外广大消费者的青睐 ,在市场上十分畅销。我区位于北纬２７°４２′～２８°５７′,东经１１８°２６…     

The effect of contrasting management types on two distinct taxonomic groups in a large-scaled windthrow

Improving ways of managing disturbed areas is in urgent need of further research. We assessed the effect of two contrasting management types—salvage logging and set aside for natural regeneration—applied to a large-scale windthrow in NE Poland on two distinct taxonomic groups of animals: scuttle flies and birds. In total, 5,368 individual scuttle flies were trapped and 1,649 individual birds were recorded. In both taxonomic groups, we recorded the “winners and losers” of the effects of salvage logging. The responses of particular species in both groups were independent of their body size. Species diversity, assessed by rarefaction, increased as a result of the logging in birds and declined in scuttle flies. The species richness, corrected for unseen species of scuttle flies and birds, was higher on the managed windthrow when compared to the natural one. Comparison of the results obtained with published data from the intact stands of Białowieża Primeval Forest suggests that salvage logging reduced the similarity of the fly and bird community to those reported from undisturbed, natural forest areas. Our results concern mostly the common species. We conclude that salvage logging has considerable influence on assemblages of common species in the post-disturbance forests. Birds and flies did not respond similarly to salvage logging in term of species diversity, although both groups included species that were attracted to either managed or unmanaged windthrow sites.     

蓖麻叶片内源激素变化对主花序开花结实的影响

为了探明蓖麻叶片中的内源激素对其主花序开花结实的影响情况,以蓖麻良种湘蓖1号为试验材料,测定了蓖麻主花序不同发育时期叶片中内源激素IAA、ABA、GA_3、ZR的含量,分析了主花序不同发育时期叶片中内源激素的变化规律及其对主花序开花结实的影响情况。结果表明:IAA含量与雌花序长、雌花序比之间均呈显著负相关;ABA含量与雌花序长、果穗长之间均呈显著正相关,而与含油率间呈显著负相关;GA_3含量与果穗长呈正相关,ABA/IAA与雌花序长呈显著正相关,而ABA/(IAA+GA_3+ZR)与千粒质量和含油率之间均呈显著负相关。这一分析结果说明,内源激素ABA和IAA的含量及ABA/IAA的平衡状态对主花序花性分化均起重要作用,GA_3和ABA的含量及ABA/(IAA+GA_3+ZR)的平衡状态主要影响主花序的结实,文中建议,在蓖麻生产过程中应当对其进行合理的调控。     

Fuel properties and combustion characteristics of some promising bamboo species in India

We investigated the fuel characteristics of five important bamboo species viz., Dendrocalamus strictus, D. brandisii, D. stocksii, Bambusa bambos and B. balcooa. The selected species cover more than 85% of the total growing stock of bamboo in India. Basic density varied from 0.48 to 0.78 g?cm-3 among the bamboo species studied. Ash content, volatile matter content and fixed carbon content ranged between 1.4%-3.0%, 77.2%-80.8% and 17.6%-21.1%, respectively. Variation in calorific value(18.7-19.6 MJ?kg-1) was marginal. Fuel value index varied widely(586-2120) among bamboo species. The highest calorific value(19.6 MJ?kg-1) and fuel value index(2120) were found in B. balcooa. Ash elemental analysis revealed that silica and potassium are the major ash forming minerals in bamboo biomass. Silica content ranged from 8.7% to 49.0%, while potassium ranged from 20.6% to 69.8%. We studied combustion characteristics under oxidizing atmosphere. Burning profiles of the samples were derived by applying the derivative thermogravimetric technique which is discussed in detail. The five bamboo species were different in their combustion behaviour, mainly due to differences in physical and chemical properties. We compare fuel properties, ash elemental analysis and combustion characteristics of bamboo biomass with wood biomass of Eucalyptus hybrid(Eucalyptus tereticornis × Eucalyptus camaldulensis).     

印度东北部食用竹种的营养价值和传统利用

着重介绍了生长在印度东北部的食用竹种、营养成分和利用其竹笋烹制的传统食物。在本地,大约有50种本地竹种或多或少地用于食物。利用竹笋烹制的大量传统菜肴显示出用于竹笋防腐和发酵的本土技术的独特性。此外,由于鲜竹笋中含有葡萄糖氰化物,因此带有一种苦味。本文也注意到减少苦味的传统方法。在22个竹种中,发现砍伐14天后竹笋及其食用部分的物理特性,如长度,干围和重量有很大的变化。干笋的营养成分如下:粗蛋白含量为15.1%~36.1%,脂肪0.64%~3.62%,碳水化合物31.6%~50.6%,粗纤维13.4~29.8%,热量为2.21~3.70 cal/g。矿物质含量如下:钙0.21%~1.97%,磷0.42%~1.34%,镁0.42~0.61%。微量元素含量分别为:锰4.0~17.6 ppm,铁5.0~24.5ppm,锌0.6~3.5 ppm,铜为0.2 ppm和钴含量为0~0.5 ppm。     

杉木体胚再生植株低温胁迫的响应机制

为研究低温冻害对杉木的影响、探索杉木对低温胁迫的响应机制,以杉木优良无性系的组培苗为材料,在4℃条件下进行低温处理,研究过氧化物酶（POD）活性、游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量等与低温响应相关的生理生化指标的动态变化。结果表明：低温胁迫导致 POD 活性和可溶性糖含量均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,游离脯氨酸和丙二醛（MDA）随着胁迫的进行其含量一直升高。说明了高活性的 POD 和高浓度的可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸有助于杉木体胚再生植株抵抗低温环境,但低温会破坏细胞膜结构,因此产生大量膜脂过氧化产物-MDA。     

铅胁迫对4种行道树生长的影响

在湖南省林业科学院林场苗圃内选择香樟、深山含笑、栾树、鹅掌揪等4个树种的1年生幼苗为试材,对其进行Pb2+胁迫试验,设定Pb2+浓度为0 mg/L(对照)、50 mg/L、400 mg/L、800 ng/L、1 600 mg/L 5个水平,每1个处理重复3次,研究不同pb2+浓度对4种行道树生长的影响.结果表明:低浓度...     

Growth and phenology of seedlings of four contrasting slash pine families in ten nitrogen regimes

Seedlings of two fast- and two slow-growing families of slash pine, Pinus elliottii Englm. var. elliottii, were grown in a greenhouse for one growing season in one of 10 nitrogen (N) regimes. Increasing the N concentration in the nutrient solution resulted in both increased growth rates during the exponential growth phase and extended duration of the growing season. The two components of total height, free growth (epicotyl length to the first bud) and summer growth (height growth after the first bud), both increased significantly with increasing N concentrations up to 40-60 mg l(-1) but decreased at N concentrations above 180 mg l(-1). Compared to seedlings grown in the presence of an optimum N concentration, seedlings grown in the presence of trace amounts of N were smaller and had less summer growth as a percentage of total growth, earlier cessation of height growth, fewer flushes, lower shoot/root ratio, higher root fibrosity, and lower N concentrations in all seedling tissues. Compared to slow-growing families, fast-growing families had more summer height growth, more flushes and later growth cessation, higher shoot/root ratios and higher root fibrosity at all N concentrations. In the presence of an optimum or higher concentration of N, the fast-growing families also had higher needle and total N concentrations than the slow-growing families. Strong family by N-treatment interactions occurred for height, phenology and biomass traits because of the extra responsiveness of one family to increasing N concentration. Several seedling traits were identified that appear promising for predicting field performance in slash pine. The results indicated that the nutrient environment greatly influences genetic expression (e.g., family patterns of summer growth were most closely related to field rankings for seedlings in the trace-N treatment).