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对17个黑米品种、16个红米品种和30个白米品种进行了8种矿质元素、多酚以及直链淀粉含量的测定,结果发现,大量元素磷(P)的含量在有色稻米中的含量明显高于白米,其中在黑米中的含量最高;微量元素铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)的含量在有色大米中也明显高于白米。元素间的积累具有一定相关性,如钙(Ca)与钾(K),镁(Mg)与P,Fe与Mg、Ca、Cu、P,Mg与Mn、Ca,Mn与P都具有一定的相关性。有色米的多酚含量显著高于白米,且在红米中的含量最高。供试材料的直链淀粉含量都处于中低等水平,且白米和红米品种的平均直链淀粉含量均显著高于黑米。直链淀粉含量与多酚含量的相关性不显著。 相似文献
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为评价不同品种紫米淀粉、脂肪、花青素、多酚、氨基酸和矿质元素间的差异,探究不同营养成分之间的关系,选取云南墨江(MJ)、湖南新化(HN)、贵州黎平(GZ)和陕西汉中(SX)4个产地的紫米,并与红米(R)、黑米(B)进行比较。结果显示,不同产地紫米成分含量存在差异,具有不同营养特征。HN紫米的淀粉含量最低(68.13%),脂肪(2.38%)、矿质元素Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、P、Zn含量最高,其中Mn(80.37 mg/kg)、Na(10.75 mg/kg)元素显著高于其他产地;MJ和SX紫米花青素(533.03 mg/kg,412.54 mg/kg)、多酚(340.55 mg/100 g,387.91 mg/100 g)含量显著高于其他产地,而GZ紫米花青素(156.55 mg/kg)和多酚(239.23 mg/100 g)显著低于其他产地紫米。SX紫米氨基酸总量(74.37 g/kg)与必需氨基酸(total essential amino acids,ΣEAA,26.09 g/kg)含量最高,与其他紫米差异不显著。紫米成分间相关性分析显示,花青素与多酚呈极显著正相关(0.625),二者分别与Ca呈显著负相关(-0.571,-0.549)。Asp、Gly与Fe、Ca呈显著正相关,大部分元素间呈显著正相关。不同有色稻米间,红米淀粉(74.73%)含量最高,花青素(9.05 mg/kg)、氨基酸总量(55.94 g/kg)、ΣEAA(19.78 g/kg)、Fe(6.51 mg/kg)、Mg(609.41 mg/kg)、P(1746.72 mg/kg)元素含量最低,与紫米和黑米差异显著(P<0.05)。黑米花青素(533.03 mg/kg)、多酚(453.53 mg/100 g)含量显著高于(P<0.05)其他有色稻;黑米和紫米氨基酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于(P<0.05)红米。有色稻ΣEAA与非必需氨基酸总量(total non-essential amino acid,ΣNEA)比例在0.54左右。主成分分析将3种有色稻分为红米、紫黑米两组,前3个主成分可以解释总方差的91%。第一主成分(PC1)贡献率为67.5%,代表矿质元素,说明产地是有色稻米成分组成差异的主要原因。第二主成分(PC2)占总方差的18.2%,主要为总花青素含量、氨基酸等。 相似文献
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粳稻“龙锦1号/香软米1578” F3家系群糙米矿质元素含量变异及相关性分析 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
利用粳稻品种间杂交组合“龙锦1号/香软米1578”的196份F3家系,对糙米中Fe、Se、Zn、Cu、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na和P等10种矿质元素含量的变异及其相关性进行了分析。 10种矿质元素在F3家系间均有较大的变异,其中Na含量变异最大,Zn含量变异最小,变异系数分别为77.69%和12.04%。各矿质元素含量的变异系数大小顺序为Na>Se>Cu>Fe>Mg>Mn>Ca>P>K>Zn。不同矿质元素含量也有较大的差异,F3家系群各矿质元素含量平均值高低排序为P>K>Mg>Ca>Fe>Mn>Zn>Na>Cu>Se。糙米中10种矿质元素含量在F3家系群中均表现为正态分布,为由多基因控制的数量性状。Zn与Fe、Cu,Mn与Mg、Ca、K、P,Ca与Mg、K、Na、P,Mg与K、P,P与K、Na含量呈显著或极显著正相关,而Fe与Se、Mn与Na、Mg与Na含量呈显著或极显著负相关。Mn、Ca、Mg、K、P含量与其他矿质元素含量间的相关关系较Fe、Se、Cu、Zn含量与其他矿质元素含量间的相关关系更为密切。 相似文献
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以419份广西水稻地方品种核心种质的糙米为材料,分别于2014和2015年测定了Ca、Fe、Zn和Se 4种矿质元素含量,同时利用34个SSR标记对两年矿质元素含量进行Pearson相关分析。结果表明:4种矿质元素在两年间的鉴定结果存在极显著差异,呈显著正相关。籼稻的Ca、Se平均含量高于粳稻,Ca(2014)、Se(2014)在籼粳稻间呈显著性差异;粳稻的Fe、Zn平均含量高于籼稻,Fe(2015)、Zn(2014,2015)在籼粳间呈显著性差异。矿质元素含量与稻作区经纬度、海拔等因素相关,Fe平均含量在桂南稻作区最高,Zn平均含量在桂中稻作区最高;Ca、Fe、Zn平均含量在黑米中含量最高,Se在红米中含量最高;Ca和Zn平均含量在黑米与红米、黑米与白米之间存在显著差异,Fe无显著差异。4种矿质元素含量在2年间的相关系数范围为0.159~0.557,均呈极显著正相关。2014年4种元素含量间无显著性相关;2015年Se和Fe、Zn之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05),Zn和Fe之间显著正相关(P<0.01),Zn和Ca之间极显著正相关(P<0.001)。SSR标记共检测到167个等位基因,平均4.91个,遗传多样性指数为0.574,遗传信息量为0.522。经Pearson相关分析,4种矿质元素共关联到18个相关位点,其中8个位点与前人的研究结果不相同。 相似文献
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全反射X-射线荧光法分析茶叶中的矿质元素 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
用全反射X -射线荧光法 (TXRF)分析了江西婺绿和宁红茶的矿质元素含量。结果表明 ,所测茶叶中P、S、K、Ca的含量在 2 4 70~ 30 70 0 μg/g ;Mn、Fe在 2 0 6~ 10 70 μg/g ;Ti、Ni、Cu、Zn、Rb、Sr、Ba在 5 5~ 12 2 μg/g ;Pb含量均小于 4 0 μg/g (干基 )。宁红还表现出 ,品质越好 ,P、Ni、Zn含量越高 ,而K、Ca、Mn、Sr、Ba含量则相反。茶汤中K、Rb、Ni的浸出率为 30 5%~ 86 4% ;P、S、Mn、Cu、Zn、Sr为 11 6 %~ 4 2 4% ;Ca为 7 2 %~ 12 6 % ;Fe为 1 1% -2 6 %。茶汤中Ti、Ba、Pb的含量均低于TXRF法的检测限。宁红茶汤还表现出 ,品质越好 ,K、Ca、Mn、Zn、Rb、Sr的浸出率越高。但红茶汤中的K、Zn、Rb、Ni浸出率明显低于绿茶 相似文献
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云南稻核心种质矿质元素含量及其变种类型 总被引:29,自引:2,他引:29
用等离子体原子发射光谱法测定了在云南省新平县同时繁殖的653份云南稻种核心种质糙米中的P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu和Mn共8种矿质元素的含量,比较了云南稻种核心种质8种矿质元素含量与变种分类性状间的差异。结果表明高产多抗育种、多样性降低与矿质元素含量的变化密切相关;高产和多抗水稻品种的K、Ca、Mg、Mn含量明显增加,P、Fe、Zn、Cu含量则明显降低,这与水稻矿质营养的遗传和生理机制密切相关。云南稻种核心矿质元素含量存在地带性分布, P、Fe、Zn、Cu含量高低可能与多样性中心有一定联系。核心种质矿质元素高低及其多样性与籼粳关系不大,但在水陆、粘糯、光壳与否、米色、米味、软米与否之间差异明显。这些结果间接支持了“亚洲栽培稻种—籼粳亚种—生态群—生态变种群—品种类型”五级分类系统的生态变种群。 相似文献
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Maria Leja Iwona Kamińska Maike Kramer Anna Maksylewicz-Kaul Dietmar Kammerer Reinhold Carle Rafal Baranski 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2013,68(2):163-170
The contents of phenolic compounds and radical scavenging activities were assessed in a carrot collection comprising 35 cultivars, landraces and breeding populations. The accessions originated from various world regions and they represented Eastern and Western carrot gene pools. In two-year field trial carrot roots of orange, red, yellow, white and purple color were cultivated, freeze-dried and analyzed for phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu assay and UV/Vis assay. Radical scavenging activity in the extracts was determined with a stable DPPH radical. Carrots developing purple roots possessed on average 9 times more phenolics than roots of other colors. Furthermore, they were rich in anthocyanins that caused very high antiradical activity. Red carrots showed higher antioxidant activity than orange, yellow and white carrots and in the season of lower rainfall they accumulated higher amounts of phenolic compounds. Carrots of Asian origin belonging to Eastern gene pool were more often purple or red and richer in phenolics and had higher antiradical activity than those from the Western gene pool with mainly orange roots. 相似文献
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Anthocyanins are flavonoids, a subgroup of phenolic compounds in bran of purple rice that have shown health benefits in animal studies and human clinical trials. We studied the genetic diversity of the concentrations of total phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins, and, antiradical capacity in diverse purple rice brans. More than 13-, 12-, 25- and 8-fold variations were found for these respective traits. Cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside were the major anthocyanins identified. The color parameter b* of whole grain rice was correlated with anthocyanins and can be used as a non-destructive quick screening tool. Purple brans that accumulated both anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins had the highest total phenolics, total flavonoids, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity among all color brans. Purple brans had the widest genotypic diversity of these chemical traits, followed by red, brown, light brown, and white. In terms of antioxidant properties of total flavonoid compounds in the sample extracts, purple and red brans had similar reducing capacity per unit of total flavonoids; while purple bran had higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity per unit of total flavonoids. In conclusion, new rice cultivars with colored bran having specific amounts and types of phenolic compounds can be developed using traditional breeding. 相似文献
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Analysis on Mineral Element Contents in Associated with Varietal Type in Core Collection of Yunnan Rice 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
ZENGYa-wen LIUJia-fu WANGLu-xiang SHENShi-quan LIZi-chao WANGXiangkun WENGuo-song YANGZhong-yi 《水稻科学》2004,11(3):106-112
Eight-element contents of 653 unpolished rice samples harvested from Xingping experiment farm, Yunnan Province under thc same ecological conditions were analyzed by ICP-AES method. The mineral elements content were closely related to low diversity, high-yielding, and multi-resistance breeding; The K, Mg, Ca and Mn content in high-yielding and resistant varieties were high, and other nutrients such as P, Fe, Zn and Cu were low, which was connected with the heredity and physiological mechanism of mineral nutrients. There is zonal distribution of mineral elements content from Yunnan rice, especially for P, Fe, Zn and Cu co-related with the diversity center, paddy versus upland, glutinous and non-glutinous, glumc-hair versus nuda, rice color, rice flavor, soft rice versus non-soft rice, but it did not find any association with indica-japonica types. The results supported the ecological variety group view of 5-grade taxonomic system “species-subspecies-ccological groups-ecological variety groups - varietal types“ . 相似文献
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以6个不同花色的小苍兰品种为实验材料,在量化小苍兰花色表型和初步确定花瓣色素类型的基础上,利用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术鉴定花瓣中的花黄色素组成并比较分析各组分含量。结果表明:在小苍兰花瓣中鉴定到13种黄酮及黄酮醇物质,分别为槲皮素、山萘酚、异鼠李素、柚皮素、黄芩素及其糖苷;槲皮素及其糖苷是小苍兰花瓣中重要的黄酮醇物质;随着小苍兰的花朵开放,花黄色素含量多呈下降趋势;在不同小苍兰品种中,花黄色素含量存在明显差异,其中,红、紫色系品种含量显著高于黄、白色系品种,尤其是‘上农红台阁’‘Red Passion’和‘Castor’,其含量在各发育阶段均表现为较高水平的积累。此外,花色表型为复色的‘Red Passion’和‘Castor’中上部与基部花瓣的花黄色素含量存在显著差异。相关分析表明,各花黄色素组分的积累与小苍兰花色明度均呈极显著负相关;槲皮素、异鼠李素及其糖苷含量与花色红度呈极显著正相关,柚皮素、山萘酚及其糖苷与花色红度呈显著正相关;山萘酚及其糖苷含量与花色鲜艳程度呈显著正相关。可见,花黄色素影响小苍兰的花色呈现。 相似文献
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为了评价不同颜色糙米品种的营养品质,以3个红米品种、8个黑米品种和8个普通糙米品种为材料,对其5项基本营养成分、13种矿质元素含量和9项活性物质含量等27项营养品质指标进行比较分析,并采用主成分分析和聚类分析对不同水稻品种进行营养品质评价。结果表明,不同品种稻米的总淀粉、膳食纤维和脂肪含量在较小范围内波动;有色米品种的矿质元素含量变化范围较大,普通糙米品种的变化范围较小;总酚、总黄酮、ABTS和DPPH抗氧化活性间存在极显著的相关性,其在有色米品种中的含量显著高于普通糙米品种,且大多数黑米品种的含量显著高于红米品种;总花色苷、矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、芍药素-3-O-葡萄糖苷在黑米品种中含量比较高。对稻米基本营养成分和矿物质元素等指标进行主成分分析,提取了6个主成分,其累积方差贡献率达80%左右,可以较好反映稻米的营养品质。对19个水稻品种稻米的所有营养品质参数进行聚类分析,可以将水稻品种分为有色米类和普通糙米类;将所有品质指标分为五类,其两类主要是矿质元素,一类主要是活性物质,两类主要是基本营养成分。该研究结果可为稻米营养品质的评价提供科学依据,也可为生产功能性稻米新产品提供新思路... 相似文献
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Bjørn O. Eggum Enrique P. Alabata Dr. Bienvenido O. Juliano 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1981,31(2):175-179
The protein of pigmented brown rices had similar lysine content as that of nonpigmented brown rices, but it was less digestible in rats. Because of higher biological value, only the purple rice, but not red rice, had lower net protein utilization than two nonpigmented rices. Milling, which removed bran-polish and reduced pigment and phenolic content, improved the digestibility of the pigmented rices. 相似文献
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研究了不同颜色色板对假眼小绿叶蝉诱集效果和对天敌缨小蜂的引诱作用,结果表明黄色板诱集的小绿叶蝉数量最多为68.33头·板-1,紫色板最低5.28头·板-1,黄色板诱集数量极显著高于其他色板(F=10.50,P<0.01),不同色板的诱集效果为黄色>绿色>黑色>灰色>红色>蓝色>白色>紫色。不同色板诱集缨小蜂的数量差异极显著(F=16.82,P<0.01),黄色板诱集缨小蜂数量最多19.00头·板-1,色板引诱缨小蜂的数量为黄色>绿色>蓝色>白色>红色>紫色>灰色>黑色。黄色板对寄生蜂的引诱力最强,平均每板30.89头,不同色板诱集的缨小蜂与假眼小绿叶蝉的益害比差异不显著(F=1.20, P>0.05)。 相似文献