番鸭细小病毒和鹅细小病毒二联弱毒细胞苗的研究

应用适应于番鸭胚成纤维细胞(MDEFC)上繁殖，并产生细胞病变的鹅细小病毒(GPV)弱毒疫苗株与番鸭细小病毒(MPV)弱毒疫苗，按适当比例混合，试制了MPV—GPV二联弱毒细胞苗，并测定了各项免疫指标。结果显示：试制出的二联苗对1日龄雏番鸭具有良好的安全性和遗传稳定性；免疫后5d和7d攻击GPV强毒，保护率分别为75％和100％，同时免疫后7d血清中MPV—胶乳凝集抑制(LPAI)抗体效价均大于2^1，21—28d抗体达高峰，有效免疫期超过60d。疫苗于-20℃保存期大于12个月。上述结果表明，二联弱毒细胞苗安全有效。     

鹅细小病毒免疫血清的制备及其应用

应用鹅细小病毒(GPV)弱毒疫苗及灭活疫苗免疫111只2月龄鹅群，制备了GPV免疫血清，第二次免疫后68 d采取血清，经检测ELISA抗体效价达1：8000以上，经保护试验后初步应用于鹅细小病毒感染的田间防治，收到了良好的疗效。     

番鸭细小病毒病和小鹅瘟二联活疫苗对雏番鸭的免疫效力研究

为评价番鸭细小病毒(MPV)和番鸭源鹅细小病毒(MDGPV)二联活疫苗(以下简称"二联苗")对1日龄胶乳凝集抑制(LPAI)抗体阴性的雏番鸭的免疫保护效力,本研究进行了血清学效力检验与靶动物免疫攻毒保护相关性的研究及免疫持续期试验。不同抗体水平的雏番鸭攻毒试验结果表明,当免疫鸭血清MPV-LPAI和GPV-LPAI抗体效价分别达1.0 Log2和2.0 Log2以上时,即可有效抵抗MPV和GPV强毒的攻击。免疫期试验结果表明,二联苗以0.2 m L的剂量免疫雏番鸭,接种后各实验组雏番鸭均产生较高的LPAI抗体,其免疫期能持续360 d。上述结果表明该二联苗能够诱导雏番鸭产生良好的免疫应答,可以有效预防番鸭细小病毒病和番鸭小鹅瘟病。     

猪细小病毒灭活苗与猪乙型脑炎弱毒苗间不同组合对母猪免疫效价的影响研究

选择180±10日龄后备母猪105头,将其随机分成7组（每组15头）进行对比试验,Ⅰ组在初配前60d和30d同时分点注射2ml细小灭活苗和1头份乙脑弱毒苗,Ⅱ组仅在初配前30d分点注射2ml细小灭活苗和1头份乙脑弱毒苗,Ⅲ组在初配前60d和30d注射2ml细小灭活苗,Ⅳ组在初配前30d注射2ml细小灭活苗,Ⅴ组在初配前60d和30d注射1头份乙脑弱毒苗,Ⅵ组在初配前30d注射1头份乙脑弱毒苗,Ⅶ空白对照组,在间隔最后一次免疫的20、40、60、90、120d以及初产后20d采集血清检测猪细小病毒、猪乙型脑炎抗体,研究抗体消长规律。结果表明：（1）同期分点注射细小灭活苗和乙脑弱毒苗并对疫苗的免疫效果产生干扰作用;（2）在初配前60与30d分别免疫注射2ml猪细小病毒灭活苗与1头份猪乙型脑炎弱毒苗后,能在最后免疫接种后迅速产生高水平抗体,抗体产生阳性率最高,有效免疫抗体能持续时间最长,因此母猪在初配前60与30d分别免疫注射2ml猪细小病毒灭活苗与1头份猪乙型脑炎弱毒苗为最近免疫方案。     

番鸭细小病毒生物学特性的研究进展

番鸭细小病毒病是由番鸭细小病毒( Muscovy duck parvovrius,MPV)引起 3周龄内雏番鸭以喘气、腹泻及胰脏坏死和出血为主要特征的传染病 (俗称番鸭三周病 ) ,发病率和死亡率可达 40 %～ 5 0 %以上 ,是目前番鸭饲养业中危害最严重的传染病之一。我国是发现和研究番鸭细小病毒病最早的国家 ,据林世棠等报道 ,1980年在福建省菁田县就发现该病。 1985年后 ,在我国番鸭饲养较多的福建、广东、广西、湖南、浙江等省流行。由于 MPV与鹅细小病毒 ( GPV)非常相似 ,最初认为病原是 GPV,后经病原分离鉴定 ,于 1988年在国内外首次明确了 MPV非GPV…     

新型鹅细小病毒研究进展

鸭细小病毒病是由鹅细小病毒(Goose parvovirus,GPV)或番鸭细小病毒(Muscovy duck parvovirus,MDPV)引起的一种传染病。经典MDPV和GPV毒株引起的病鸭主要症状为腹泻、脚软、渗出性肠炎,三周龄内雏鸭感染发病率和死亡率都很高。但是2008年下半年以来,福建省、浙江省、安徽省及江苏省等地的雏半番鸭和樱桃谷鸭陆续出现一种新型细小病毒病,该病发病率10%~30%,病死率低于3%,临床症状主要为软脚、短嘴和生长障碍。通过对该病病原进行全基因组测序及系统发育树分析,结果发现该病原与鹅细小病毒亲缘性很近。本文通过比较新型鹅细小病毒(Novel goose parvovirus,N-GPV)与经典的MDPV和GPV在基因组、感染宿主范围和致病性的区别,为新型鹅细小病毒病的防控提供理论依据。     

间接ELISA检测番鸭细小病毒抗体

鸭细小病毒病是由鸭细小病毒（Duck parvovirus,DPV）引起的一种急性病毒性传染病,以雏鸭易感,临床主要表现为气喘、脚软和渗出性肠炎,死亡率约50%～80%,在世界各养鸭地区都有分布,其预防和控制已直接关系到水禽养殖业的持续稳定发展[1]。临床和实验室试验证实番鸭细小弱毒疫苗是预防控制该病最有效措施,而对细小病毒特异性抗体的监测是评价疫苗免疫效果及鸭群合理制定免疫程序的关键[2]。目前国内已经报道[3]的检测番鸭细小病毒抗体的方法有血清微量中和试验、微量点凝试验、胶乳凝集反应、琼脂扩散试验,     

番鸭细小病毒琼扩抗原研制及初步应用

应用番鸭细小病毒鹅胚适应毒Ｍ９１毒株接种易感鹅胚,收获鹅胚尿囊液毒经浓缩后制成琼扩抗原。此抗原与抗番鸭细小病毒免疫血清和鹅细小病毒免疫血清有共同交叉反应并成功应用于番鸭细小病毒疫苗的免疫检测。     

国产犬细小病毒弱毒疫苗免疫试验及田间应用效果观察

1986年,解放军兽医大学研究所等单位选用犬科动物细小病毒自然弱毒CR86/06株)为种毒,初步研制出一种细小病毒弱毒疫苗。经实验研究及田间临床初步应用试验,证明本疫苗安全性好,免疫效果确实。1987年7月至1989年11月,我们应用该疫苗在本基地进行了安全性试验,免疫后CPV HI抗体滴度消长规律观察,免疫效果试验,     

番鸭细小病毒病的防控措施

番鸭细小病毒病主要侵害5～20日龄的雏鸭,发病时间集中在2～4周龄,发病率和死亡率均可达40％～50％,严重危害雏鸭饲养业的发展.因此,一定要做好番鸭细小病毒病的预防工作,控制和消灭传染源,严禁到疫区引进番鸭苗、种鸭和种蛋,做好种鸭免疫接种,为易感雏番鸭提供母源抗体保护.对孵化场、孵化箱、孵化室和孵化用具进行严格消毒.在雏鸭出壳后48 h内皮下接种番鸭细小病毒弱毒疫苗,加强育雏期的饲养管理与清洁消毒,以防止该病的发生.一旦发生该病,对发病番鸭可立即注射雏番鸭细小病毒活疫苗、高免血清或卵黄抗体紧急防控,同时,可适当使用一些抗生素控制某些细菌的合并感染或继发感染.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein