食用百合种质资源离体保存技术研究

为建立食用百合种质资源离体保存体系,将试管苗接种到6种不同培养基中,分别在不同温度、光照下保存6个月,观察不同浓度的脱落酸和甘露醇对试管苗生长的影响。结果表明:2℃和5℃,培养基中加入甘露醇和脱落酸均可有效抑制试管苗生长,保存6个月后均正常生长;10℃和25℃不同浓度的甘露醇和脱落酸对百合试管苗存活率、株高及鳞茎形成均有影响。甘露醇浓度低对生长抑制效果差,浓度高对生长势影响严重,浓度20 g/L时保存6个月存活率仍达94.6%,且利于鳞茎形成,对百合试管苗保存效果最好;脱落酸较甘露醇更能抑制试管苗生长,但随保存时间延长存活率减低,叶尖枯死,浓度越高越严重,不利于鳞茎的形成。     

植物生长调节剂在种质离体保存中的研究进展

植物种质资源的保存研究对于生物多样性的保护和植物生物技术的研究均具有十分重要的意义.对几种植物生长调节剂在植物种质资源离体保存方面的研究概况进行了综述.     

猕猴桃种质的离体保存研究

ＭＳ培养基中附加多效唑，室温条件下能减少继代次数，延长猕猴桃种质试管苗的保存时间。     

植物种质资源缓慢生长离体保存研究进展

综述了缓慢生长离体保存技术在植物种质资源保存方面的研究进展,并列述了植物种质资源离体保存过程中的遗传变异概括。     

姜种质资源离体保存技术研究

采用正交实验设计,研究了生长调节素、渗透压、温度等因素对姜种质资源离体保存的影响,以期建立姜种质资源离体保存技术体系,并通过生长恢复与遗传稳定性考察对保存材料进行初步评价.结果表明:生长调节剂、渗透压、温度等因素对姜种质资源的离体保存均有显著影响,最终确定姜离体保存的最佳保存方法为:MS+蔗糖60 g/L+琼脂4.0 g/L+甘露醇10 g/L+矮壮素(CCC)2.0 mg/L+多效唑(PP333)2.0 mg/L+脱落酸(ABA)2.0 mg/L,培养条件为光照时间14～16 h/d,光照强度1 500 lx,温度20℃,在此条件下保存300 d,存活率在50％以上,保存材料生长恢复情况良好,染色体保持稳定.     

柑桔种质资源对柑桔立枯病的抗病性鉴定

对参试的２３个材料，以发病率主依据，通过自然感染和人工接种的方法进行抗病性鉴定。结果表明，在田间自然感病下，未发现高抗和抗病材料，只有７个中抗材料，即意大利酸橙、小红橙、枳、摩洛哥酸橙、蚌柑、２５８８宜昌橙；在室内人工接种保持高温度湿条件下，１２个参试品种中１个感病，１１个为重感。     

柑桔种质资源对柑桔根线虫病抗性鉴定

采用带有柑桔根线虫ＴｙｌｅｎｃｈｎｌｕｓｓｅｎｉｐｅｎｅｔｒａｎｓＣｏｂｂ。的病根，病土，接种２年生柑桔实生苗，对参试的４３个材料，以雌成虫寄生密度为依据进行抗病性鉴定，其结果：酒饼筋，皱皮枳，枳橙等８个材料为高度抗病，盘谷文旦，朱桔，宜昌橙，真橙等１３个材料重度感病；其余２２个材料为中间类型。     

枇杷野生种的种质资源离体保存初探

以枇杷属(Eriobotrya Lindl)植物的若干个野生种为试材,进行种质资源离体保存方法(花粉超低温保存、种子(成熟胚)常温限制生长法和超低温保存、茎尖培养和叶片培养)的初步研究.主要结果如下:①不同枇杷野生种类间的花粉生活力存在差异;液氮冷冻后花粉生活力与对照相比无明显降低;经干燥的花粉生活力高于未干燥的,含水量低处理的花粉生活力强.②添加或不添加生长调节剂的mMS培养基均较有利野生枇杷种子(胚)的萌发和芽苗生长;不添加生长调节剂的B5培养基有利野生枇杷种子(胚)的胚根萌发,而胚芽和芽苗生长均慢,适合作为限制生长的种质离体保存的培养基.③经过液氮处理的普通枇杷野生种子(成熟胚)均未能成活.④台湾枇杷茎尖培养启动较容易,启动率为72%;怒江枇杷茎尖极易褐变,培养成活率极低;台湾枇杷叶片可在含2,4-D的MS培养基上诱导出米黄色愈伤组织,适宜的2,4-D浓度为0.2 mg·L-1.     

猕猴桃种质的离体保存研究

MS培养基中附加多效唑,室温(3—34℃,平均19℃)条件下能减少继代次数,延长猕猴桃种质试管苗的保存时间.浓度为0.5mg·1~(-1)效果最好,保存11个月的存活率为90%.对多效唑与猕猴桃试管苗衰老的关系研究表明,低浓度多效唑能延缓猕猴桃试管苗衰老,高浓度多效唑则促进猕猴桃试管苗衰老.     

樱桃种质资源试管苗保存方法

 采用组织培养方法, 以樱桃7个品种试管苗为试材, 研究了樱桃离体保存方法。结果表明, 在室温光培养条件下, 培养基中添加甘露醇10 g·L^-1 , 试管苗可保存6个月; 在低温暗培养条件下, 试管苗生长明显受到抑制, 保存期可延长到14个月; 低温暗培养结合培养基添加甘露醇10 g·L ^-1 , 能使保存期延长至16个月, 继代后成活率达52%～98%。部分品种可延长至20个月, ‘对樱’和‘Gisela 5’继代后成活率分别为45%和58%。     

五种落叶果树的氯离子分布与耐盐性研究

在盆栽条件下，生长在滨海脱盐土上的猕猴桃出现明显盐害反应；当土壤含盐量（ＮａＣｌ）达０．２％时，毛桃和葡萄植株生长受到明显抑制；达０．３％－０．４％时，银杏和石榴生长控制。银杏、石榴根系木质部氯含量较韧皮部低，而根颈附近地上部木质问 氯含量也比地下部低。桃树正好相反。银杏体内氯含量根比约为２，而葡萄几乎于１，石榴则随土壤盐量增加氯含量根冠比增加。脱落的银杏叶片的氯含量分别为葡萄和桃的３．５－５．６     

桂晚柑花粉及其育性研究

采用扫描电镜、琼脂培养和柱头整体压片荧光法,对桂晚柑花粉形态、亲缘关系和育性进行了研究。结果表明,桂晚柑花粉体积小,表面具网状纹饰、网眼小、网脊宽,其亲缘关系与桔、橙较近,与柚次之。桂晚柑花粉可育,但４８小时后丧夫生活力。     

根癌农杆菌介导的CG1-400-RNase基因转化创制锦橙转基因再生植株

【目的】为了快速有效地利用基因工程的方法获得柑橘无核新种质,【方法】以我国特色多核柑橘优良品种锦橙实生苗上胚轴切段为外植体,采用根癌农杆菌介导法进行能导致种子败育基因CG1-400-RNase的转化;为快速有效地筛选出转化子,在实生苗上胚轴切段转化再生过程中,根据不同发育阶段的组织或器官对抗生素的敏感程度不同采用不同的选择压。【结果】结果表明,在抗性芽再生过程中卡那霉素质量浓度设定为50 mg.L-1,获得的362个抗性芽转入卡那霉素质量浓度为100 mg.L-1的伸长培养基中进行伸长培养后,进行早期PCR检测,获得28个阳性芽;经过不定芽诱导生根或试管嫁接,获得22株完整植株。【结论】再生植株经PCR和Southern杂交检测,获得2株目的基因以单拷贝的形式插入锦橙基因组的转基因植株,为最终获得具有无核性状且可稳定遗传的柑橘新种质奠定了基础。     

Clonal propagation of mulberry (Morus indica L. cultivar M-5) through in vitro culture of nodal explants

A high frequency of sprouting (80.0%) and shoot differentiation was observed in the primary cultures of nodal explants of Morus indica L. cultivar M-5 on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (0.3 mg/l). In vitro proliferated shoots were multiplied rapidly by culture of shoot tips on MS medium with BAP (0.5 and 1.0 mg/l) which produced the greatest multiple shoot formation. Multiplication was also achieved by culture of shoot tips on MS medium with BAP (4.0 mg/l) and GA₃ (0.05 mg/l) which facilitated the elongation of shoots followed by sprouting of axillary buds of in vitro grown shoots. A high frequency of rooting (86.7%) with development of healthy roots was observed from shoots cultured on medium with 2,4-D (1.0 mg/l). Plants with well developed roots were transferred to soil with a survival frequency of 80%.     

Induction of lateral branches in tree fruit nursery stock with propyl 3-t-butylphenoxy acetate (MB 25, 105) and Promalin (GA4+7 + 6-benzyladenine)

Sprays with 250–2000 mg l^?1 propyl 3-t-butylphenoxy acetate (MB 25,105) and 250 and 500 mg l^?1 GA₄₊₇ + 6-benzyladenine (Promalin) were applied to scion growth of first nursery trees of ‘Bartlett’ pear (Pyrus communis L.), ‘Bing’ cherry (Prunus avium L.) and ‘Oregon Spur II Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) to stimulate lateral branching in the nursery. Most treatments significantly increased branching compared to untreated controls. Combination sprays of the two chemicals were usually better than either used alone. Chemical treatment usually produced greater branching and wider branch angles than mechanical heading. Both chemical and mechanical treatments reduced tree height and caliper, but the decrease was not always statistically significant.     

The role of ethylene in abscission of sweet orange promoted by exogenous application of the abscission agent 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (CMNP)

Mature ‘Valencia’ fruit were treated with 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (CMNP), and the ethylene inhibitors aminoethoxy vinyl glycine (AVG) and silver thiosulfate (STS), to assess involvement of ethylene in abscission via CMNP. Fruit detachment force (FDF) and ethylene evolution were measured over time. Accumulation of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) in peel upon CMNP application was assessed and impact of application of ACC on FDF was estimated when applied 1 cm away from the abscission zone (AZ), to determine its potential as a signaling molecule in promoting fruit loosening. CMNP when applied alone reduced FDF by 50%. AVG and STS inhibited fruit loosening considerably at 500 µM and 10 mM, respectively, when applied with 2 mM CMNP. ACC accumulation in peel was highest 2 days after CMNP application, which preceded the maximum decline in FDF which occurred a day later, indicating that ACC serves as a potential signaling molecule that triggers abscission in the AZ. The results of the study support the hypothesis that abscission via CMNP application is at least partly ethylene dependent. However, the decline in FDF by ACC was less than 50% of control which suggested involvement of another pathway in abscission via CMNP in sweet orange.