病死动物无害化处理的经验和做法

病害动物无害化处理,是指用物理、化学或生物学等方法处理带有或疑似带有病原体的动物尸体、动物产品或其他物品,达到消灭传染源,切断传播途径,阻止病原扩散的目的.此外,病害动物无害化处理还具有保障公共卫生安全,促进养殖业持续健康发展等重要意义.     

试谈对无害化处理的认识

1无害化处理的概念无害化处理就是用物理、化学或生物学等方法处理带有或疑似带有病原体的动物和动物尸体、动物产品或其他相关物品及场地环境等,达到消灭传染源,切断传播途径,阻止病原扩散的目的。2无害化处理的法规依据《动物防疫法》第38条:经检疫不合格的动物、动物产品,由货主在动物检疫员监督下作防疫消毒和其他无害化处理;无法作无害化处理的予以销毁。我国《畜禽病害肉尸及其产品无害化处理规程》(GB16548—1996)对高温、化制处理的方式、对象、技术要求都有特定的规定。发生高致病性禽流感时的处理标准是《高致病性禽流感无害化处…     

健全养殖户病死动物无害化处理的措施

病死动物无害化处理,是指用物理、化学或生物学等方法处理带有或疑似带有病原体的动物尸体、动物产品或其他物品,达到消灭传染源,切断传播途径,阻止病原扩散的目的。此外,病死动物无害化处理还具有保障公共卫生安全,促进养殖业持续健康发展等重要意义。     

病害动物无害化处理设施建设规模探讨

病害动物无害化处理,是指用物理、化学或生物学等方法处理带有或疑似带有病原体的动物尸体、动物产品或其他物品,达到消灭传染源,切断传播途径,阻止病原扩散的目的[1].此外,病害动物无害化处理还具有保障公共卫生安全,促进养殖业持续健康发展和提高我国动物产品国际市场竞争力等重要意义[2].近年来,在防控重大动物疫情中,我国动物防疫体系暴露出病害动物无害化处理设施明显不足的问题.     

病害动物及产品无害化处理技术的研究与开发

病害动物及产品 (包括淘汰动物、变质产品和屠宰下脚料等 )无害化处理的技术研究与开发 ,是一项动检工作的配套工作 ,也是一项“功在政府 ,利在社会”的系统工程。1　实施该项目的宗旨和目的一是彻底消灭病原微生物 ,达到预防控制和扑灭动物疫病的目的 ;二是改变随意丢弃 ,挖坑深埋的粗放处理方式 ,防止病原微生物和有害物污染空气、水源、土壤和场所等 ;三是进一步提高肉类卫生安全质量 ,保障人体健康 ;四是提高废物利用率 ,把染疫动物、病害动物产品经过无害化处理 ,加工成饲料、工业油、肥料或其它制品等 ;五是我国加入 WTO后 ,动物、…     

浅谈几种病死动物无害化处理方法的优缺点

病死动物无害化处理是防止动物疫病扩散、有效控制和扑灭动物疫情、防止病原污染环境的重要举措。病死动物无害化处理,是指用物理、化学等方法处理病死动物以及相关动物产品,消灭其所携带的病原体,消除病死动物危害的过程。现在的无害化处理办法有很多种,笔者简单介绍几种常见的处理方法及其优缺点。     

如何做好病害动物及其产品的无害化处理工作

动物卫生监督工作中最关键的部分就是怎样做好病害动物以及产品的无害化处理工作。只有做好病害动物及其产品的无害化处理才能彻底消灭所有病原,有效地防止染疫动物传播疾病,保障畜牧业健康发展和人民群众身体健康。本文就动物防疫监督相关方面的内容进行了一些相关的分析和探讨,以供参考。     

地震后动物尸体及其污染物无害化处理方法

5.12大地震期间造成了动物特别是饲养畜禽的大量死伤、动物抵抗力下降和死亡动物尸体腐败等问题.加之夏季来临,在高温高湿的环境下,病原微生物容易大量滋生和扩散,如不及时进行无害化处理,极易导致猪链球菌病、炭疽等多种重大动物疫病和人畜共患病的暴发流行.     

浅谈病死畜禽无害化处理建议

病死畜禽一般都带有病毒、细菌或寄生虫等病原,不经过无害化处理或处理不当容易传播动物疫病引发产业风险,造成环境污染、危害公共卫生安全,若被非法加工流入餐桌后更是对人体造成极大危害.病死畜禽无害化处理是养殖业发展中不可回避的环节,目前病死畜禽无害化处理还存在诸多问题,笔者结合基层动物疫病防疫实际,提出了采取加强制度建设、保障经费投入、加快动物焚烧厂建设、堵住病死畜禽流通渠道等一系列措施,确保病死畜禽无害化处理落到实处.     

爱牧：动物无害化处理技术研发

一．无害化处理有关认识 （一）无害化处理厂建设需要考虑的技术因素（控制措施） 1．生物安全控制。包含无害化处理厂、传染源停留场所、有效杀灭病原微生物、不造成二次污染、防止病原扩散。（1）对动物尸体的灭菌条件：温度、时间、压力等。（2）对污染区的控制措施：①上卸料区：消毒，尸体袋处理；②冷库消毒；③运输动物的车辆：路线规划，消毒，清洗。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.