免耕对水稻根系活力和产量性状的影响

对早稻进行了免耕与常耕栽培对比试验。研究结果表明：与常耕栽培水稻相比,免耕水稻,根系活力高7.4%~34.9%,各生育期的干物质占黄熟期干物质之比高。有效穗数、每穗实粒数、千粒重和实际产量分别高1.1%、5.1%、0.6%和10.0%。产量与根系活力和干物质积累的相关分别达到0.9和0.87以上。     

免少耕水稻的根系活力和叶片衰老研究

前文叙述免(少)耕水稻的干物质积累,光合产物运转效率及C/N比时,曾指出它们与根系活力等有密切关系(王永锐等,1992)。而关于免(少)耕水稻的根系活力和叶片衰老迟早问题,则未曾见过报道。本文的目的在于探讨免(少)耕水稻地下部根系活力和地上部叶片衰老状况,阐明免(少)耕稻比翻耕稻增产的生理基础。     

免耕和稻草还田对金优253立苗速度与根系生长及产量的影响

2004年晚季在大田条件下，对免耕抛秧、常耕抛秧、稻草还田免耕抛秧和稻草还田常耕抛秧的立苗速度与立苗期的根系生长及其产量进行了比较。结果表明，免耕抛秧比常耕抛秧增产7．64％．稻草还田免耕抛秧与稻草还田常耕抛秧产量差异不大，但分别比常耕抛秧高10．72％和8．22％。免耕抛栽秧苗前期立苗速度较慢，后期立苗速度较快，总的立苗时间较常耕抛栽秧苗多1d。免耕使立苗期根系及分枝数量、根系的总长度和根毛区长度及根系氧化能力下降。但是．稻草还田增加了立苗期根系及分枝数量和根系长度，提高了根系氧化能力，因而对抛栽水稻立苗有很好的促进作用．其促进作用在免耕条件下更明显．     

农村环境中内分泌干扰物的现状、危害及处理

农村环境中大量使用的化肥、农药、防腐剂、添加剂、洗涤剂、激素类药物等,很多属于内分泌干扰物,并且还是持久性污染物,其显著及潜在的危害很大。目前的研究还只是集中于浓度较高时,单种内分泌干扰物对环境和生态所造成的危害方面。而在农村环境中的这些内分泌干扰物（或称类激素物质）浓度却往往比较低、成分复杂、存在范围广,当前还研究较少。由于其中有些物质存在协同效应,在低剂量时既能够表现出毒理学效应,因此其危害不容忽视。笔者就其来源、存在状态、危害和处理措施等方面进行了较为深入地研究和总结,旨在引起对该领域研究和管理的重视。     

外源NO对UV-B胁迫下小麦幼苗生长、活性氧组分和光合特性的影响

为了研究外源NO对UV-B胁迫下小麦幼苗生长、活性氧组分以及光合特性的影响,以ML7113小麦为受试材料,以硝普钠(Sodium nitroprusside,SNP)作为外源NO的供体,预先用0.1 mmol/L的SNP浸种24 h,设置4个处理组：对照组(CK)、紫外线UV-B胁迫处理组(B)、UV-B胁迫和SNP复合处理组(B+SNP)、SNP单独处理组。待幼苗生长7天后取其叶片进行可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧阴离子(O₂^-)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)、气孔密度、光合色素及叶绿素荧光参数等指标的测定。结果表明,NO供体SNP能显著增加经UV-B胁迫后小麦幼苗的株高,并使其小麦幼苗可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量分别提高19.69%、15.25%、41.36%,同时使其小麦叶正面气孔密度增大10.34%。SNP单独处理使得光合色素（叶绿素和类胡萝卜素）的含量较CK分别提高12.43%和5.99%,叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm和Fv/F0较CK显著提高0.5%和5.16%。此外,SNP能使小麦幼苗丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)的含量较CK显著降低27.30%和74.92%,超氧阴离子(O₂^-)的产生速率较CK显著降低24.47%。通过体内相关生理指标物质含量的变化来响应UV-B胁迫对小麦幼苗造成的伤害,而适宜浓度的外源NO(0.1 mmol/L)可以缓解UV-B胁迫下对小麦幼苗的伤害作用,从而增强小麦幼苗对UV-B胁迫的适应能力。     

等氮条件下不同施肥措施对花椰菜产量及品质的影响

化肥过量施用是导致蔬菜品质下降及生态环境问题的重要原因。在等量氮肥的前提下（纯氮600 kg/hm2）,以全部施用无机肥为对照,在崇明现代农业园区研究了不同施肥处理（化肥配施商品有机肥、化肥配施猪粪堆肥和化肥配施芦笋秸秆堆肥）对花椰菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与只施用无机化肥相比,化肥结合施用商品有机肥、猪粪堆肥和芦笋秸秆堆肥均能提高花菜的产量和品质,产量分别提高了7.60%、22.83%和30.48%;Vc含量分别提高10.70%、12.66%和10.34%;可溶性糖含量分别提高18.18%、26.70%和39.58%,蛋白质含量分别提高26.39%、27.58%和17.06%,而硝酸盐(NO3-N)含量分别降低53.21%、51.01%和17.84%。总之,在等氮量施肥条件下,有机无机配施可以有效提高花椰菜的产量和品质。     

栽培技术优化对冬小麦根系垂直分布及活性的调控

为探索优化小麦根系构建,促进小麦根系功能发挥,以达到小麦高产高效的栽培技术,于2012—2013和2013—2014年度小麦生产季,通过大田试验,比较研究了鲁原502在旋耕-基肥撒施(RT-SF),深翻-基肥撒施(PT-SF)和苗带旋耕-间隔深松-分层深施肥(SRT-SS-DT)3种栽培技术下产量及其构成,研究麦田0~90 cm内不同土层根系形态分布及生理特性的差异。与RT-SF和PT-SF处理相比,SRT-SS-DT处理显著提高了小麦的千粒重及单位面积穗数,使最终产量提高了3.96%~13.29%。SRT-SS-DT处理促进了小麦根系生长发育,拔节后15~60 cm土层内的根长密度和根干重密度、30~75 cm土层内根系总吸收表面积和活跃吸收面积较其他处理显著提高,尤其是在施肥层(15~30 cm土层)。开花后20 d,15~30 cm土层SRT-SS-DT的根系总吸收表面积和活跃吸收面积较RT-SF提高了66.3%和56.5%,较PT-SF提高了75.9%和59.8%。SRT-SS-DT增强了15~90 cm土层的根系活力,同时减缓了生育后期根系活力的下降,开花期至花后20 d,15~30 cm土层根系活力下降值在SRT-SS-DT处理下较RT-SF和PT-SF降低了28.5%和14.9%。此外,在花后20 d,SRT-SS-DT处理小麦15~90 cm土层根系表现较低MDA含量和较高SOD活性,尤其是15~30 cm土层,根系SOD活性分别比PT-SF和RT-SF处理高20.6%和10.9%。15~90 cm土层根系活力和根干重占比与小麦产量呈显著正相关。结果表明,通过对苗带旋耕、间隔深松和分层深施肥等栽培技术的集成和优化,可以有效扩展深层土壤根系的分布,提高深层土壤根系的活性,尤其是施肥层,有助于小麦产量提高。     

影响籼稻品种产量水平的主要根系性状

2001和2002年，在群体水培条件下分别以国内外不同年代育成的籼稻代表品种（品系）88个和122个为供试材料，抽穗期测定12个有关根系形态性状和根系活力，成熟期测定产量、冠根比等，采用组内最小平方和的动态聚类方法对供试籼稻品种的产量进行聚类，研究不同产量类型籼稻品种根系有关性状的差异以及影响籼稻品种产量水平的主     

根结线虫对不同砧木黄瓜嫁接苗根系生理生化指标的影响

对感染南方根结线虫的嫁接和自根黄瓜植株根系的各项生理生化指标进行了测定。试验结果表明,根结线虫侵染后,嫁接苗根系活力、保护酶(超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化物酶POD、过氧化氢酶CAT、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶APX)活性均高于自根苗,而电解质渗漏率和丙二醛(MDA)含量低于自根苗。不同砧木嫁接苗的抗线虫能力也不同,6种砧木嫁接苗的抗线虫能力依次为DTT-RS-39改良火凤凰崛京隆火凤凰优清台木黑籽南瓜。     

活化水对小麦生长及根系活力的影响

为探究活化水对小麦生长及根系活力的影响,以小偃22号为供试品种,采用室内水培和大田试验相结合的方式,分析地下水经去电子、磁化、先去电子后磁化、先磁化后去电子等活化处理后对小麦种子发芽率、株高、叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、地上与地下部干物质量、根系活力、根系构型及籽粒产量的影响.结果表明,大田条件下,同一灌溉量水平(1...     

Implementation of PID Algorithm Based on MATLAB in Cascade Control System

This paper presents the character of cascade control system and the design of the main loop and subloop. A cascade PID control system based on MATLAB is designed, which is controlled by MATLAB control program based on incremental PID control algorithm and PID parameter tuning method based on computer control. The results show that the control system has good performance.     

The Analysis of Abnormal State for Power Distribution Network Based on MATLAB

Along with the extensive use of power cable lines in power distribution system, the probability of fundamental frequency resonance has greatly increased. It may endanger the security operation and power supply reliability of the power system. On the basis of theoretical analysis and numerical calculations using MATLAB language combined with a real instance, it is indicated that the improper electrical parameter coordination caused by the abundance of power cable lines result in fundamental frequency current resonance, in addition, the countermeasures based on SVC to solve the problem are put forward. Further more, digital simulations have been carried out in detail based on the dynamic simulation model developed by the application of MATLAB/Simulink and its power system simulation software. Simulation results proves the effectiveness and practicability of the scheme presented.     

基于MATLAB图像处理的大豆颗粒检测方法研究

为解决大豆单株考种过程中人力计数准确率低和数粒仪等光电方法耗时长等问题,采用计算机视觉系统及MATLAB软件开发平台代替人工大豆单株考种进行自动检测的方法。该算法采用对大豆颗粒图像进行空间滤波去除噪声及“Otsu”方法对图像进行最佳全局阈值分割处理,在对图像处理的基础上完成对大豆颗粒个数、颗粒大小两项指标的测定。以六个大豆品种周黑豆、周青豆、周豆11、周豆18、周豆22和周豆23的籽粒为试验对象,探究大豆颗粒计数、大豆颗粒大小分级两项指标的确定。实验结果表明：该算法及程序准确有效,能准确计算大豆单株颗粒个数;该算法及程序判断出的各品种大豆颗粒平均面积大小与百粒重成正相关,且决定系数为0.9141,即可得该算法及程序可准确有效的判断大豆颗粒大小。总之,基于MTALAB图像处理大豆单株颗粒检测方法的研究可相对减轻人力劳动强度及人类视觉的不足,在提高工作效率和准确度等方面有重要意义。     

Application of Mixed Programming by MATLAB and VC in System Simulation

After discussing the interface between MATLAB and VC++,the method of connecting MATCOM with the m-files,the usage and skills of MATCOM are introduced.Taking single-freedom vibration system as the object,through analyzing the vibration model with damping,the simulation algorithm is programmed.The simulation results show that the system simulation efficiency has been improved.     

MATLAB和VB在温室环境模型构建中的混合编程研究

旨在找到一种MATLAB和VB混合编程的方法,实现日光温室热环境模拟模型软件的可视化编写。采用基于组件对象模型COM（component object module）的方法,研究了MATLAB和VB在模型构建中的混合编程。采用MATLAB软件编写M.源函数文件,实现理论模型中的工程计算和图像图形处理功能,M.源函数文件编译成功后,通过COM方法转换为可被独立调用的组件;采用VB软件编写主程序文件,实现良好的人机交互功能。在主程序中完成模型各项参数的赋值后,再调用COM组件进行理论模型的计算与绘图。COM组件方法可以实现MATLAB和VB的混合编程。以此构建的日光温室热环境模拟模型软件,可在主程序输入各项参数：室外气象条件,温室结构、热性能等,模拟室内热环境的变化。     

The Research Based on the System of Turning Micro-robot

The robot techniques development is making over in an astonished velocity. Today ,all kinds of robots have different shape and function appear in everywhere. The robot that used the turning theory of human being and the motion theory of cankerworm is introduced. Micro-robot is an important offset of robot technique. This paper has solved three problems of this kind of micro-robot. One is the mechanical structure design, and the second is controlling circuit design, the third is measurement system design. Two new pattern micro-robots have been made which not only can move on the smooth armor plate, but also can turn its body quickly and freely. This new pattern micro-robot has strongly driving power, which also can be refitted another walking-type robot. At the same time, it also succeeded in controlling the robot through the microprocessor AT89C52 and the other new type controlling circuit. Taking the chip of LG9110 as the positive and negative driver, and the chip of SN75451B as the driver of the other parts, not only the design of circuits become easily, but also circuit board become simply. It provides some diagrams of program. In short, through the experiment, it gains some important data of making this kind of robot on the other hand, the experiment proves that the project not only can control the robot freely, but also offers a new idea for the studying of this kind of micro-robot.     

Research on Fuzzy Control Based Two-level Handstand Pendulum System

The two-level handstand pendulum system based on fuzzy control is designed. It is impossible to adopt classical control theory, for the mathematical modeling of the system is nonlinear, the fuzzy control is proposed to improve the former linear control algorithms. For the key to fuzzy control is control rule, it becomes most important to design suitable fuzzy rules. Two methods, one based on experience and the other based on system simulation, are presented to set u Pan effective rule base. The practice proves that the control result is of well stability. A control example for two-level handstand pendulum system shows that the control law is efficient and more robust than the classical state feedback optimal control law with respect to errors produced by the external disturbances.     

基于WebGIS的农业生产管理专家系统研究与设计

该文以WebGIS作为应用与开发平台，采用Client/Server分布式计算模式，运用MapXtreme控件技术开发了一套应用于农业生产管理的软件系统，该系统使用权限分为省级、市级、县级和普通用户四个等级，并将其有机的联系在一起，实现了农业生产的信息查询、信息发布、咨询决策、地图发布等功能,有效的解决了原有专家系统只有作物栽培的微观管理而没有中观和宏观有关农业资源高效利用前瞻管理不足问题。该文阐述了其设计思想和实现方法，最后以应用实例说明其可行性。     

基于MATLAB分析油菜若干性状之间的关系

基于MATLAB分析了油菜若干性状之间的关系,从产量性状入手,性状重要性的大小顺序是：主茎总叶数＞根茎粗＞株高＞单株产量＞主茎绿叶数＞一次有效分枝数＞二次分枝数＞单株有效角果数＞每角果粒数＞千粒重,这10个性状除每果粒数与千粒重外,前8个性状与产量均达到显著正相关,通过以上分析以期为油菜栽培管理提供理论与实践指导。     

Research of CAD System for Space -grid Structures Based on ObjectARX

This paper first presented the architecture of the CAD system for space - grid structures based on ObjectARX, then some key technologies were studied to realize the system, such as interface control method on MFC, graphic database and parametric drive. A CAD system for space -grid structures based on ObjectARX was develooed with AutoCAD API and the Object- oriented technique.