河北省蛋鸡生产存在的问题及应对措施

河北省是蛋鸡大省，近几年蛋鸡业发展迅猛，广大农村涌现出了大量的小规模养鸡专业户，在此基础上发展起了养鸡专业村，并形成了少数规模化的蛋鸡生产基地。不但给农村的闲散人员带来了就业机会，而且给农民带来经济增收。但是，河北蛋鸡业在发展的同时也存在很多制约发展的问题。本文就河北省蛋鸡业存在的问题及应对措施做简要综述。     

看日本蛋鸡业 我们想到了什么？

日本是中国的近邻，气候与中国相似，人多地少，人口密度与我国的中东部地区相近，与河北省极其相似，国土面积相当于两个河北省，人口也约等于两个河北。用这样少的国土面积养活这样多的人口是个了不起的事情，尤其日本的蛋鸡业高度发达，是除了水稻外的唯一一个能自给自足的农产品，因此借鉴日本的蛋鸡业发展经验，推进我国蛋鸡业升级，进而实现蛋鸡业现代化具有现实意义。2007年11月华牧公司因筹建新的父母代蛋种鸡场和孵化场的缘故，一行七人赴日本考察访问，参观了日本基因源公司福崎孵化场和姬路种鸡场，与日本同行交流了两国的蛋鸡业发展情况，日本高度现代化的蛋鸡业给我们留下了深刻印象。[编者按]     

蛋鸡业的发展重在养殖模式的转变

<正>在2007年12月29日召开的河北省家禽业协会四届四次常务理事扩大会议上,来自全省各地的蛋鸡行业企业家们会聚一堂、畅所欲言,对2008年河北省蛋鸡行业的发展提出了许多很有见地的观点。大家一致认为:河北省的蛋鸡业要想在今后得到长足发     

2007年全国蛋鸡生产回顾与2008年展望

2007年中国蛋鸡业总体平稳发展，虽然在短时间内出现了大幅振荡现象，但是，家禽业生产仍呈上涨态势。由于禽流感疫情得到了有效控制，规模化饲养水平逐步提高，城乡居民消费信心得以恢复，使得禽蛋价格在很长时期内持续走高，蛋鸡养殖效益看好。由于养殖效益好，2007年蛋种鸡目外进口量和国内自育自繁量都比去年有所增加，全国各地新上的项目也较多，蛋鸡场数量增加，商品蛋鸡存栏量明显增多，这对2008年市场行情会产生一定的影响。此外，由于2007年饵料原料价格全面上涨；涨幅创历史新高，能源价格和人工成本也持续攀升，养殖成本居高不下，严重挤压了养殖户的获利空阎，使得蛋鸡饲养比较效益降低。在蛋鸡生产中，一些政策层面的因素也制约了行业发展，如贷款融资困难、用地审批难、环保要求高、税费征收多等。展望2008年，蛋鸡市场会在一定程度上出现产品过剩局面，企业要提高自身的风险意识，苦练内功，提高生产和管理水平，社会各界也要多关注蛋鸡行业，为蛋鸡业创造良性发展的外部环境。[编者按]     

河北省蛋鸡市场波动及预测

河北是我国近年来蛋鸡生产发展最快的省，他代表了城市向农村产业转移发展的典型。也是生产区域化、现代化的典型。我们重点分析河北蛋鸡业的特点和市场预测两大部分。现分述如下： 　　一河北省蛋鸡生产特点 　　应读者要求，现回答有关我国蛋鸡生产第二个大省—河北省蛋鸡发展的特点。 　　1.河北是我国十大蛋鸡生产省之一： 1998年全国鲜蛋产量是 2018.5万吨，比去年增加 6.5％。当然，鲜蛋产量第一的是山东，第二就是河北，年产 319.0万顿，占全国产量的 15.8％。出现河北人均占有 48.7公斤，全国第一的奇迹，成为我国蛋鸡商品的重要…     

2008中国蛋鸡业路在何方?——河北省蛋鸡业发展高峰会纪实

2007年是多年来我国家禽业难得的发展时期,无论大小养殖户还是蛋鸡肉鸡从业者,都在难得的市场机遇中攫取了丰厚的利润。然而,好景不常有,2007年10月以来,随着市场上后备鸡的陆续上市,鸡蛋、鸡肉价格都严重下滑,家禽饲料却持续高涨,使得养殖行情再次陷入低谷。值此时节,河北省家禽业协会又一次召开了河北蛋鸡业发展高峰会,2007年12月19日,在河北永年华裕集团,50多家蛋鸡种鸡、商品鸡饲养企业共同分析了2008年河北乃至中国蛋鸡业的发展态势。     

2007年全国蛋鸡生产回顾与2008年展望

2007年中国蛋鸡业总体平稳发展,虽然在短时间内出现了大幅振荡现象,但是,家禽业生产仍呈上涨态势.由于禽流感疫情得到了有效控制,规模化饲养水平逐步提高,城乡居民消费信心得以恢复,使得禽蛋价格在很长时期内持续走高,蛋鸡养殖效益看好.     

2003年北京市鸡蛋市场展望

生产：从全国来讲，一方面我国蛋鸡养殖基数已有较大规模，年存栏30亿只；另一方面随着农业产业结构调整和种植业机械化程度的提高，越来越多的劳动力从土地上解放出来，养殖业成为许多农民脱离土地后的首选，其中蛋鸡业在广大农村还是被当作投资少、见效快的致富产业之一。因此，未来几年，中辚蛋鸡业将平稳发展，鲜蛋产量也将保持稳定且小幅增长的态势。全国尤其是北京周边河北省蛋鸡业的稳定有序发展和流通市场的活跃，也有     

“河北省畜牧产业现状调查与发展对策探讨”系列报道之二 敢立潮头闯新路 打造产业新航母——沙河市蛋鸡产业龙型经济及标准化示范区建设巡礼

正引子:沙河市位于河北省南部,太行山东麓,面积960平方公里,是典型的蛋鸡养殖大县、河北省蛋鸡生产重点县。沙河市的蛋鸡业起步于上世纪80年代,发展于90年代,高峰时蛋鸡存栏量超过1000万只,成为沙河市畜牧业的重要支柱产业。在那个家家户户并不十分宽裕的年代,一批又一批勤劳智慧的沙河人正是靠着蛋鸡养殖摆脱了贫困,走上了致富之路。1998年沙河市被省政府命名为"省级蛋鸡     

2009河北家禽业的审视与自省

河北省历来是我国蛋鸡养殖大省，特别是种鸡生产，一度达到全国蛋种鸡生产的1／3，目前随着我国蛋鸡产业向南转移，河北省蛋鸡、鸡蛋总量有所下降，但这仍然无法动摇河北省作为全国蛋鸡大省的地位。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.