辽宁绒山羊杂交改良子午岭黑山羊效果分析

为了研究辽宁绒山羊对子午岭黑山羊绒用性能的杂交改良效果,以辽宁绒山羊、子午岭黑山羊和辽宁绒山羊×子午岭黑山羊的杂种绒山羊(简称F_1代杂种绒山羊)作为试验对象,系统测定3个群体的体尺、抓绒后体重、产绒量和绒品质等指标,比较3个群体间的生产性能差异,分析不同羊绒性状之间的表型相关性。结果表明:辽宁绒山羊的体高、体长、胸围、平均纤维直径、抓绒后体重和产绒量均高于F_1代杂种绒山羊和子午岭黑山羊,F_1代杂种绒山羊的体高、体长、胸围、平均纤维直径、抓绒后体重和产绒量分别比子午岭黑山羊高9.5 cm、9 cm、7.1 cm、1.7μm、15.97 kg和424 g。绒山羊抓绒后体重与产绒量(r=0.880)、平均纤维直径(r=0.773)和粗毛数(r=0.354),羊绒平均纤维直径与产绒量(r=0.775)、绒层高度(r=0.475)、粗毛数(r=0.600)和纤维直径标准差(r=0.557)等羊绒性状间呈正相关;平均纤维曲率与体高(r=-0.304)、抓绒后体重(r=-0.395)、产绒量(r=-0.418)、绒层高度(r=-0.547)和平均纤维直径(r=-0.584)等表型性状之间呈较强的负相关。由此表明,辽宁绒山羊杂交改良子午岭黑山羊效果明显,后代的产绒量和抓绒后体重明显提高,但羊绒纤维直径也略微变粗。     

性别和年龄因素对河西绒山羊绒毛生产性能的影响

为了研究河西绒山羊性别、年龄与绒毛生产性能间的关系,对1～4岁的198只河西绒山羊的产绒性能和绒纤维直径进行了研究,统计分析结果表明:不同性别、年龄间产绒量差异显著(P＜0.05);羯羊的产绒量显著高于母羊(P＜0.05);随年龄增长母羊和羯羊的产绒量均呈上升趋势,在2～4岁保持稳定(分别维持在359.09～392.33g和454.75～503.149),差异不显著(P＞0.05);绒纤维直径在不同性别间差异不显著(P＞0.05),不同年龄间差异显著(P＜0.05);母羊和羯羊的绒纤维直径在1岁时最细,显著低于其他年龄段(P＜0.05);随年龄增长绒纤维直径逐渐变粗,24岁变化差异不显著(P＞0.05),分别维持在15.17～15.54 μm和15.27～15.81 μm.由此可见,河西绒山羊产绒性能和绒毛品质在2～4岁处于最佳阶段.     

内蒙古白绒山羊与河西绒山羊杂交对产绒量和绒品质的影响

河西绒山羊和内蒙古白绒山羊生存环境相同,前者产绒量低,绒品质好,后者产绒量高,绒品质相对较差。本文旨在评价内蒙古白绒山羊与河西绒山羊杂交对后代产绒量和绒品质的影响。从河西绒山羊主产地平山湖测定11只河西绒山羊、10只内蒙古白绒山羊和10只杂种产绒量,采集颈部山羊绒测定细度、含绒率和长度。测定结果表明河西绒山羊与内蒙古白绒山羊杂交后,杂种后代平均产绒量比河西绒山羊提高了23.43%。杂种后代的山羊绒平均细度比河西绒山羊粗0.32μm,比内蒙古白绒山羊细1.64μm。杂种后代山羊绒长度比河西绒山羊增加5.85mm,比内蒙古白绒山羊增加2.90 mm。     

藏西北绒山羊产绒性能研究

对西藏那曲尼玛县、阿里日土县两个原种场的绒山羊绒纤维细度、自然长度、产绒量进行测定.结果表明:两地绒山羊绒产量、细度、长度差异均不显著,绒山羊不同性别绒品质(细度)的指标均优于我国其它绒山羊品种如河西绒山羊、辽宁绒山羊、内蒙古绒山羊.尼玛绒山羊成年公羊、母羊平均绒纤维细度分别为14.00 μm和13.33μm,分别比选育前的平均细度公15.32μm、母16.02μm细1.32μm 和2.69μm;选育后日土县成年绒山羊公、母羊细度分别为13.58μm和13.57μm,平均细度比选育前13.72μm细0.14μm;绒纤维主体细度14μm以下的分别占65.2%和76.19%;绒自然长度4 cm以上的分别占81.56 %和78.87 %;选育前后2县成年山羊平均产绒量分别为188.04 g、180.60 g和278.57 g、279.60 g,个体平均产绒量分别比选育前提高了48.14 %和54.82 %;纯白个体达到95%以上.     

陇东优质高产绒山羊选育的研究

通过对陇东绒山羊的选育和提高,组建了陇东优质高产绒山羊群,其成年公母羊产绒量分别为693.75±135.29 g和493.46±93.78 g,和陇东绒山羊新品系公母羊相比,产绒量显著提高（P〈0.05）;公母羊羊绒细度分别为15.03±0.85μm和14.56±0.76μm,和陇东绒山羊相比,差异不显著（P〉0.05）;公母羊羊绒的自然长度分别为5.89±0.63 cm和5.26±0.37cm,和陇东绒山羊相比,差异显著（P〈0.05）。因此,陇东优质高产绒山羊产绒量高,羊绒纤维细、长、延伸性好,属优质山羊绒,符合国际羊绒精纺要求并达到了同类纤维理想水平。     

陕北白绒山羊绒纤维细度分析

为进一步提高陕北白绒山羊产绒性能,笔者分析了不同年份陕北白绒山羊绒纤维细度差异和2022年度不同年龄、性别之间陕北白绒山羊的绒纤维细度统计数据。结果显示,榆林市地区2010-2016年陕北白绒山羊的绒纤维平均细度呈现逐年变粗的趋势（15.98～16.58μm）;而2016-2022年陕北白绒山羊的绒纤维平均细度逐年变细（16.58～16.02μm）。对2022年的5024份样品进行检测,结果1周岁羊绒纤维细度最细（公羊15.47±1.62μm、母羊15.47±1.26μm）,随着年龄的增加,羊绒细度逐渐变粗（公羊17.68±0.95μm、母羊16.68±1.08μm）。相比较而言,母羊羊绒细度受年龄限制低于公羊,公羊羊绒细度随着年龄的增加逐渐变粗的趋势更大。本研究详细说明榆林市地区近年羊绒细度变化趋势和不同年龄段、性别对绒纤维细度的影响,以期为进一步提高陕北白绒山羊产绒性能提供参考依据。     

牙山黑绒山羊产绒性能的研究

为研究牙山黑绒山羊不同年龄的产绒规律,选取240只1~8周岁牙山黑绒山羊母羊,测定放牧条件下绒山羊的产绒性能与绒毛品质。结果表明:在产绒量方面,相邻年龄间牙山黑绒山羊母羊产绒量、绒长度和绒细度均有极显著差异(P0.01);1周岁母羊产绒量最低(379.74 g),2~4周岁母羊产绒量呈逐年增长趋势(475.09~502.63 g),5周岁以后开始下降(466.95 g);在羊绒长度方面,1周岁母羊绒长度最短(5.78 cm),2~4周岁绒长度呈逐渐增长趋势(6.43~6.72 cm),4周岁母羊绒长度最长(6.72 cm),5周岁母羊绒长度开始下降(6.45 cm);在羊绒细度方面,1周岁母羊羊绒细度最小(14.43μm),2~5周岁母羊绒细度呈逐渐增长趋势(15.27~15.86μm),5周岁时达到最粗(15.86μm)。由此可见,牙山黑绒山羊母羊产绒性能和绒毛品质在2~4周岁时达到最佳阶段,5周岁以后产绒性能和绒毛品质开始下降。     

陕北白绒山羊年龄与绒毛生产性能的关系

为研究年龄对绒山羊产绒性能的影响,本试验对1～5岁的150只陕北白绒山羊的产绒量、绒长度及绒细度进行统计分析。结果表明：年龄与产绒量及绒毛品质密切相关;周岁羊绒细度最细（14．66±0．99μm）,随年龄的增加羊绒细度变粗,5岁时达到最粗（17．09±0．46μm）;绒长在3岁时较长（7．1±0．51cm）,之后小幅下降至4岁（6．06±1．27cm）后又有增加的趋势,5岁时达到8．75±1．32cm;周岁羊的产绒量最低（572．35±158．06g）,5岁羊绒产量最高（887．5±131．5g）;2～3岁羊的绒纤维直径较细、绒长度居中、产绒量较高。因此,陕北白绒山羊2～3岁时生产性能和绒毛品质处于最佳阶段,可适当增加2～3岁母羊在群体中所占的比例。     

内蒙古白绒山羊羊绒纤维平均直径现状与分析

为了解近年来内蒙古地区内蒙古白绒山羊绒纤维细度的变化情况,本文分别对内蒙古白绒山羊保种地区2015年370户牧户的13 485个(只)样品、2016年447户牧户的15 087个(只)样品进行绒纤维平均直径的测定,分析绒山羊的绒纤维平均直径的分布情况,并对2015年和2016年的纤维平均直径情况进行对比分析。结果表明:2016年成年公羊、成年母羊的羊绒平均直径分别为15.19、15.25μm,2015年内蒙古白绒山羊成年公羊、成年母羊的羊绒平均直径分别为15.33、15.19μm。从而,对个别旗县羊绒质量仍未得到明显改善、山羊绒收购没有真正实行优质优价等问题进行了总结,并提出了政策扶持、品种选育方向等建议。     

辽宁绒山羊年龄与绒毛生产性能的关系

为研究辽宁绒山羊年龄与绒毛生产性能的关系,对1～8岁辽宁绒山羊产绒性能与绒毛品质性状进行了研究.结果表明:①周岁羊绒细度最细(14.31 μm),随年龄增加羊绒细度变粗,6岁时达到最粗(18.02 μm),而后缓慢下降.②周岁羊绒产量最低(508.21g),5岁羊绒产量最高(790.30 g),5～8岁羊绒产量差异不显著.③1～8岁内在3岁和5岁时出现了两个绒长高峰,分别为7.62 cm和7.61 cm,3～6岁阶段羊绒长度变化差异不显著.④一般认为,细度和长度与绒纤维品质最为密切,1～2岁绒纤维直径虽小,但因其长度和产绒量均很低,不是产绒性能和绒毛品质的最佳阶段.2～4岁时绒细度适中、绒长较长、绒纤维品质较高,然而其产绒量很低同样降低了经济效益.6～8岁绒产量较高且绒长下降平缓,但其绒纤维直径较粗且降低幅度小,因而不可作为产绒性能和绒毛品质的最佳阶段.由上述可知,4～5岁年龄段的羊产绒性能和绒毛品质处于最佳阶段,可适当增加4～5岁羊在群体中的比例.     

日粮硫水平对辽宁绒山羊产绒性能及绒品质的影响

选用4只装有瘤胃和十二指肠近端瘘管的辽宁绒山羊羯羊(2周岁左右),按4×4拉丁方设计,系统研究了4种不同日粮硫水平(0.11%、0.17%、0.23%、0.29%)对辽宁绒山羊产绒性能的影响。研究结果表明:日粮硫水平对辽宁绒山羊的产绒性能及羊绒品质影响显著(P0.05);日粮添加硫可显著提高辽宁绒山羊绒生长速度、产绒量、绒长度(P0.05),但对绒的细度没有显著影响(P0.05);综合分析认为,日粮硫水平为0.23%(N:S为7.39:1)对提高辽宁绒山产绒性能较为适宜。     

Proteome analysis of cashmere

As an analysis of the cashmere proteins by Type IV 2‐DE, ten kinds of components, including three components with molecular mass 42–50 kDa whose expression level increased in the winter, were separated. In analyzing nine components of these ten using a mass spectrometer, the three components of molecular mass 70–120 kDa and pI 5.3 were identified as keratin type II microfibrillar (accession no. KRSHL2 ), keratin 48 k type I microfibrillar component 8c‐1 (accession no. KRSHL1 ) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (accession no. O77793 ), respectively. The three components whose expression level increased in the winter, were identified as keratin type I microfibrillar 48 kDa component 8C‐1 (accession no. P02534 ) and keratin type I microfibrillar 47.6 kDa (accession no. P25690 ) (pI 5.2/42 kDa), keratin type II microfibrillar component 7C (accession no. P15241 ) and keratin typeII‐sheep (accession no. S34165 ) (pI 5.5/45 kDa), and the keratin type II microfibrillar component 5 (accession no. P25691 ) (pI 5.8–6.0/45 kDa), respectively. The three components of less than 17 kDa were identified as hair keratin type II intermediate filament (accession no. CAA51836 ) (pI 5.2) and keratin high‐sulfur matrix protein IIIB2 (accession no. P02447 ) with a different isoelectric point (pI 5.4 and 5.9), respectively.     

浅谈环境因子对绒山羊产绒性能的影响

文章综述了主要环境因子光照、环境温度、气候、营养等对绒山羊产绒性能的影响,为改善绒山羊生产的环境条件,研究新的绒山羊饲养工艺提供理论基础和现实方法。     

陇东白绒山羊品种类群羊绒物理性状分析报告

采样分析新培育的陇东白绒山羊品种类群成年公、母羊羊绒主要物理性状。结果,羊绒细度、伸直长度、强度、伸度、被毛含绒率的平均值分别为14.83μm、77.76mm、3.85g、35.91%、36.52%。表明该类群的羊绒品质优良,羊绒细度符合国际羊绒精纺要求,羊绒长度达到等优绒,羊绒强度、伸度和被毛含绒率达到同类羊理想水平。     

浅谈如何收购山羊绒

随着社会的进步和发展,羊绒制品普遍受到人们的青睐,生产企业对山羊绒品质要求也越来越高,收购山羊绒成为保证羊绒制品质量的重要环节.影响山羊绒质量的因素很多,如山羊的品种、性别、年龄、饲养管理、营养状况,地理环境、气候条件,抓绒时间、抓绒方法等,也有人为掺杂造假等因素.所以,收购人员要对各类山羊绒的特点有所了解,在实际工作中才能做好山羊绒的收购.     

HMBi对生绒期辽宁绒山羊氮、硫代谢的影响

试验研究不同水平HMBi对生绒期辽宁绒山羊氮、硫代谢的影响。采用4×4拉丁方设计,选择4只辽宁绒山羊羯羊为试验动物,配制HMBi水平为0%(对照日粮)、0.85%(试验日粮A)、1.27%(试验日粮B)、1.70%(试验日粮C)的4种日粮,试验分4个时期进行。试验期每日收集粪、尿,测定其中的氮、硫。试验结果显示,生绒期辽宁绒山羊日粮中添加HMBi能显著减少粪氮和尿氮,增加沉积氮和可消化氮(P<0.05);添加HMBi粪硫和尿硫显著增加,但可消化硫、沉积硫亦显著增加(P<0.05);添加HMBi能显著提高氮、硫的表观消化率、总利用率及生物学价值(P<0.05)。综合分析认为,生绒期辽宁绒山羊日粮中HMBi的适宜添加量为1.27%。     

Effects of melatonin implantation on cashmere yield,fibre characteristics,duration of cashmere growth as well as growth and reproductive performance of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats

Background

Exogenous melatonin could induce cashmere growth. However, induced growth of cashmere fleece by melatonin implants cannot be combined with the typical growth, resulting in earlier shedding followed by another cycle of cashmere growth. To address this issue, we examine the effects on the cashmere yield, fibre characteristics, and the growth and reproductive performance of cashmere goats of planned administration of melatonin.

Methods

Eighteen half-sib, female goats were assigned to two treatments (n = 9) including a control and a treatment where melatonin (2 mg/kg BW) was implanted at the end of April and end of June. Cashmere growth and shedding were observed for approximately 1 year following implantation. Fibre samples were collected monthly to determine cumulative cashmere length. Initiation and cessation dates for cashmere growth as well as the rate of cashmere growth were calculated. Cashmere yield, weight gain of dam, kidding date, litter size, and birth weight were also recorded.

Results

Melatonin implantation increased cashmere yield by 34.5 % (control 553.7 g vs. melatonin 745.0 g; P < 0.01), cashmere length by 21.3 % (control 95.2 mm vs. melatonin 115.4 mm; P < 0.01), and decreased fibre diameter by 4.4 % (control 14.6 μm vs. melatonin 14.0 μm; P < 0.03). In melatonin-treated goats, the average initiation date was earlier than in control goats (May 18, 2013 vs. July 2, 2013; P < 0.01) but there was a similar cessation date (March 22, 2014 vs. March 27, 2014). Consequently, the duration of cashmere growth was longer in melatonin-treated goats than in control goats (307 vs.270 days; P < 0.01). The final BW, average daily gain, kidding date, litter size, and birth weight were not influenced by melatonin implantation.

Conclusions

These data indicate that melatonin implantation (2 mg/kg BW) on two occasions (late April and June) increased cashmere yield by combining the induced growth of cashmere fleece with the typical growth and decreased the fibre diameter without changing dam growth rate or reproductive performance.     

柴达木绒山羊屠宰试验报告

对29只柴达木绒山羊的产肉性能进行了测定。结果：胴体重以成年羯羊最高（17．33kg），成年母羊（12．69kg）和2．5岁羯羊（11．75kg）次之；屠宰率以1．5岁和2．5岁羯羊最高（48．28％和48．97％）。     

辽宁绒山羊生殖器官解剖学参数的研究

通过对辽宁绒山羊生殖器官的解剖学和组织学形态观察方法,得到了辽宁绒山羊成年公羊、育成公羊、成年母羊、育成母羊各主要生殖器官的解剖学参数,并且成年羊与育成羊间的参数及其发育速度存在着差异。     

Effects of melatonin implantation on cashmere yield,fibre characteristics,duration of cashmere growth as well as growth and reproductive performance of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats

Background:Exogenous melatonin could induce cashmere growth.However,induced growth of cashmere fleece by melatonin implants cannot be combined with the typical growth,resulting in earlier shedding followed by another cycle of cashmere growth.To address this issue,we examine the effects on the cashmere yield,fibre characteristics,and the growth and reproductive performance of cashmere goats of planned administration of melatonin.Methods:Eighteen half-sib,female goats were assigned to two treatments(n = 9) including a control and a treatment where melatonin(2 mg/kg BW) was implanted at the end of April and end of June.Cashmere growth and shedding were observed for approximately 1 year following implantation.Fibre samples were collected monthly to determine cumulative cashmere length.Initiation and cessation dates for cashmere growth as well as the rate of cashmere growth were calculated.Cashmere yield,weight gain of dam,kidding date,litter size,and birth weight were also recorded.Results:Melatonin implantation increased cashmere yield by 34.5%(control 553.7 g vs.melatonin 745.0 g;P 0.01),cashmere length by 21.3%(control 95.2 mm vs.melatonin 115.4 mm;P 0.01),and decreased fibre diameter by 4.4%(control 14.6 μm vs.melatonin 14.0 μm;P 0.03).In melatonin-treated goats,the average initiation date was earlier than in control goats(May 18,2013 vs.July 2,2013;P 0.01) but there was a similar cessation date(March 22,2014 vs.March 27,2014).Consequently,the duration of cashmere growth was longer in melatonin-treated goats than in control goats(307 vs.270 days;P 0.01).The final BW,average daily gain,kidding date,litter size,and birth weight were not influenced by melatonin implantation.Conclusions:These data indicate that melatonin implantation(2 mg/kg BW) on two occasions(late April and June)increased cashmere yield by combining the induced growth of cashmere fleece with the typical growth and decreased the fibre diameter without changing dam growth rate or reproductive performance.