纳洛酮对小型猪特异性麻醉剂麻醉大鼠大脑皮质C-jun mRNA表达的影响

研究纳洛酮对小型猪特异性麻醉剂(XFM)麻醉下大鼠大脑皮质C-jun mRNA表达的影响,探讨纳洛酮催醒XFM麻醉大鼠与大脑皮质C-jun基因的关系。将78只SD纯种大鼠随机分为空白对照组、XFM对照组、XFM+纳洛酮组、XFM+生理盐水组,采用实时定量PCR技术检测大脑皮质内C-jun mRNA表达量。结果表明,腹腔注射XFM后引起大鼠大脑皮质C-jun mR-NA高效表达,各时期C-jun mRNA表达与空白对照组比较差异极显著(P<0.01);纳洛酮注射后引起XFM麻醉大鼠大脑皮质C-jun mRNA表达量减少,与XFM对照组比较差异极显著(P<0.01);结果提示,大脑皮质C-jun基因参与了纳洛酮颉颃XFM麻醉作用,纳洛酮抑制XFM诱导大鼠大脑皮质C-jun基因表达,可能是纳洛酮催醒XFM麻醉大鼠的重要机理之一。     

阿替美唑对小型猪特异性麻醉剂诱导大鼠大脑皮质c-jun蛋白表达的影响

研究阿替美唑对小型猪特异性麻醉剂(XFM)麻醉下大鼠大脑皮质c-jun蛋白表达的影响,探讨阿替美唑颉颃XFM催醒大鼠与脑皮质c-jun基因的关系.将78只SD纯种大鼠随机分为XFM对照组、XFM+阿替美唑组、XFM+生理盐水组.采用蛋白质印迹法检测大脑皮质内c-jun蛋白表达量.结果表明,XFM麻醉大鼠大脑皮质内c-jun蛋白表达量逐渐增加,与给药前0 min比较差异显著(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);XFM麻醉大鼠腹腔注射生理盐水,各时间点c-jun蛋白表达与对照组间比较无显著差异(P＞0.05);阿替美唑注射后引起XFM麻醉大鼠大脑皮质c-jun蛋白表达减少,与XFM对照组比较差异显著(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结果提示,大脑皮质c-jun基因参与了阿替美唑颉颃XFM麻醉作用.阿替关唑抑制XFM诱导大鼠大脑皮质c-jun蛋白表达,可能是阿替美唑催醒XFM麻醉大鼠的重要机理之一.     

阿替美唑对小型猪特异性麻醉剂诱导大鼠大脑皮质内Fos蛋白表达的影响

研究阿替美唑对小型猪特异性麻醉剂(XFM)麻醉下大鼠大脑皮质Fos蛋白表达的影响,探讨阿替美唑颉颃XFM催醒大鼠与大脑皮质c-fos基因的关系。将72只SD纯种大鼠随机分为XFM对照组、XFM+阿替美唑组、XFM+生理盐水组,每组又按采脑时间点分成4个亚组。采用蛋白质印迹法检测大脑皮质内Fos蛋白表达量。结果表明:XFM麻醉大鼠大脑皮质内Fos蛋白表达量逐渐增加,与给药后10min比较差异显著(P<0.01或P<0.05);XFM麻醉大鼠腹腔注射生理盐水,各时间点Fos蛋白表达量与对照组间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);阿替美唑注射后引起XFM麻醉大鼠大脑皮质Fos蛋白表达量减少,与XFM对照组比较差异显著(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结果提示,大脑皮质c-fos基因参与了阿替美唑颉颃XFM麻醉作用。阿替美唑抑制XFM诱导大鼠大脑皮质Fos蛋白表达,可能是阿替美唑催醒XFM麻醉大鼠的重要机理之一。     

小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂对XFM麻醉下大鼠海马c-jun基因mRNA转录的影响

本试验旨在研究小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂对小型猪特异性麻醉剂(XFM)麻醉下大鼠海马脑区c-jun基因mRNA转录的影响,藉以探究其催醒机制.90只成年SD大鼠被随机分成XFM麻醉组、XFM麻醉+生理盐水组、XFM麻醉+小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂组,每组分为5个不同采样时间点的亚组.采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测样品中c-jun基因mRNA转录量.结果显示,XFM麻醉诱导大鼠海马脑区c-jun基因mRNA转录,各时间点海马脑区c-jun基因mRNA转录与0 min比较显著升高(P＜0.01),XFM麻醉大鼠腹腔注射生理盐水后各时间点海马脑区c-jun基因mRNA转录与XFM对照组间无显著差异(P＞0.05),注射小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂后抑制了XFM诱导大鼠海马c-jun基因mRNA的转录,与XFM对照组比较差异显著(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结果表明,小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂抑制了XFM麻醉诱导大鼠海马脑区c-jun基因mRNA的转录,这可能与小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂催醒机制相关.     

小型猪复合麻醉剂对大鼠中枢神经系统p-p38MAPK蛋白表达的影响

为研究小型猪复合麻醉剂(XFM)对大鼠中枢神经系统p-p38蛋白表达的影响,将30只大鼠分为对照组(C组)和麻醉剂组(M组),M组又分为4个亚组:M1组(注射XFM后大鼠翻正反射消失即刻)、M2组(注射XFM后大鼠翻正反射消失后1h)、M3组(注射XFM后大鼠翻正反射恢复即刻)和M4组(注射XFM后大鼠翻正反射恢复后1h),各组大鼠到达预定的时间点后分别采取脑组织,应用RT-PCR法检测脑内p38 mRNA转录量,应用Western blot方法检测中枢神经系统中p-p38蛋白的表达量。大鼠注射XFM后,与对照组比较,试验组大鼠大脑皮层和丘脑p38mRNA转录量显著降低(P0.05),在苏醒过程中有所恢复,但仍显著低于对照组(P0.05);大脑皮层和丘脑内p-p38蛋白的相对表达量,在M1、M2组的时间点显著低于对照组(P0.05或P0.01);大鼠注射XFM后,与对照组比较,试验组大鼠小脑、海马、脑干内p38mRNA转录量显著升高(P0.05),在苏醒过程中仍显著高于对照组(P0.05);小脑、海马、脑干内p-p38蛋白的表达量,在M1组、M2组、M3组显著升高,与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05或P0.01),在M4组表达量下降,与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05)。结果表明,XFM诱导大鼠大脑皮层、丘脑内p38 mRNA及p-p38蛋白表达下调,p38 mRNA及磷酸化蛋白的改变可能是XFM作用的机制之一。     

小型猪复合麻醉剂对大鼠不同脑区LKB1基因mRNA转录和p-LKB1蛋白表达的影响

旨在研究小型猪复合麻醉剂(XFM)对大鼠不同脑区LKB1基因mRNA转录和p-LKB1蛋白表达的影响。将30只SD大鼠随机分成XFM组(M组)和生理盐水对照组(C组),M组又按照时间点的不同分为4个亚组。各组大鼠到达试验设计时间点后分别采取脑组织并分离各脑区,采用PCR和Western blot技术,分别检测各试验组中大鼠不同脑区LKB1基因mRNA的相对表达量和p-LKB1蛋白表达量。结果显示:在试验的麻醉早期阶段(即M1和M2),各脑区LKB1基因mRNA转录与对照组相比均未出现显著变化(P0.05);大脑皮层、海马及小脑p-LKB1蛋白表达与对照组比较并无显著变化(P0.05),而丘脑与脑干p-LKB1蛋白表达与对照组比较则明显升高,且丘脑差异显著(P0.05),脑干差异极显著(P0.01)。而在麻醉后期阶段(即M3和M4)各脑区LKB1基因mRNA转录表达明显上升,尤以M4突出,差异极显著(P0.01),其中丘脑和脑干变化最为明显;大脑皮层、海马及小脑p-LKB1蛋白表达与对照组比较均无明显变化(P0.05),但丘脑和脑干p-LKB1蛋白表达呈现显著升高(P0.05)。研究表明,XFM麻醉作用可能影响大鼠中枢神经系统中LKB1基因mRNA的转录和p-LKB1蛋白的表达。     

阿替美唑对舒泰/噻啦嗪诱导大鼠丘脑和大脑皮质c-fos基因表达的影响

24只SD大鼠被随机分成对照组、麻醉组和催醒组,对照组注射二甲基亚砜,麻醉组注射舒泰(13.81mg/kg)和噻啦嗪(5.21mg/kg),催醒组在给予麻醉剂10min后注射阿替美唑(0.522mg/kg),试验组大鼠分别于给药1h(即麻醉期)即刻,断头处死,冰面上分离丘脑和大脑皮质,利用免疫印记技术测定Fos蛋白表达量。结果显示,舒泰联合噻啦嗪注射后引起麻醉期大鼠丘脑和大脑皮质脑区Fos蛋白表达量显著高于对照组(P<0.01),阿替美唑注射后显著地抑制了舒泰联合噻啦嗪诱导大鼠丘脑和大脑皮质脑区Fos蛋白表达(P<0.01)。结果表明,阿替美唑可抑制舒泰联合噻啦嗪麻醉引起大鼠中枢脑区Fos蛋白的表达,对神经损伤起到一定的保护作用。     

鹿复合麻醉剂麻醉与大脑皮质部分ATP酶相关性研究

为了探究鹿复合麻醉剂麻醉与脑区突触体ATP酶相关性,试验选取纯种SD大鼠32只,随机分为对照组、诱导组、麻醉组和催醒组,利用比色法测定样本中ATP酶活性。结果表明:药物作用后大鼠麻醉全程大脑皮质突触体Na~+-K~+-ATP和Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活性诱导组显著降低(P0.05),麻醉组和催醒组极显著降低(P0.01)。说明大脑皮质突触体Na~+-K~+-ATP和Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活性的抑制与鹿复合麻醉剂引起麻醉作用具有一定相关性。     

强痛宁对大鼠中枢脑区Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性的影响

为了探讨强痛宁麻醉镇痛作用与中枢脑区Na~+-K~+-ATP酶的相关性,试验选取24只纯种SD大鼠随机分成对照组、诱导组、麻醉组和催醒组,于各时间点冰上采集大鼠各脑区,采用比色法测定Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性。结果表明:药物作用后诱导期及麻醉期大鼠大脑皮质、小脑内Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性显著低于对照组(P0.01),海马、丘脑及脑干区Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性与对照组比较极显著降低(P0.01),催醒期各脑区Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性恢复到麻醉前水平。说明强痛宁可引起大鼠各脑区Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性降低,阻碍神经细胞对痛觉刺激信息的传导,产生了麻醉镇痛作用。     

XFM及其颉颃剂交互作用对大鼠不同脑区4EBP1基因mRNA转录的影响

为了研究小型猪复合麻醉剂(XFM)及其特异性颉颃剂对大鼠不同脑区4EBP1基因mRNA转录的影响及其交互作用机制,试验采用30只SD大鼠随机分成XFM与特异性颉颃剂交互组(MJ组)和生理盐水对照组(C组),MJ组又按照时间点的不同分为4个亚组,各组大鼠到达试验设计时间点后分别采取脑组织并分离各脑区,取样后采用RT-PCR技术检测大鼠不同脑区4EBP1基因相对转录量。结果表明:在试验的早期交互阶段,MJ1组和MJ2组大脑皮层、海马、丘脑以及延髓与对照组相比均出现显著变化,与对照组相比MJ1组4EBP1的mRNA表达显著上升,差异极显著(P0.001)。MJ2组大脑、海马、延髓表达有所下降,与对照组没有显著差异,恢复到正常值,但MJ2组丘脑表达与对照组相比呈上升趋势,且差异显著(P0.01)。小脑早期交互与对照组没有显著差异。在试验晚期交互阶段,MJ3组和MJ4组大脑、丘脑、延髓与对照组相比没有显著差异,与对照组相比MJ4组海马显著性降低(P0.01)。小脑在后期交互阶段表达显著升高,差异极显著(P0.001)。说明XFM及其特异性颉颃剂交互作用能够影响大鼠中枢神经系统中4EBP1基因mRNA的转录。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。