Somatic Embryogenesis in Lily Bulb Scale Cultures

Abstract： Somatic embryogenesis from lily bulb scales has not been studied in details, although tissue culture methods have been applied to the propagation for decades. The effects of different kinds and concentration of auxins for oriental lily somatic embryogenesis were investigated （Lilium hybrida var. Sorbonne）. 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2, 4-D）, thidiazuron （TDZ） and α-naphthaleneacetic acid （NAA） media with benzyladenine（6-BA） and lactalbumin hydrolysate （LH） were used for embryogenic callus in the darkness. The best response on embryogenic callus formation was obtained on MS media supplemented 2, 4-D 2.0 mg·L^-1, 6-BA 0.5 mg·L^-1 and LH 300 mg·L^-1. Transfer embryogenic callus to the media with TDZ, 6-BA, kinetin （KT） supplemented 2, 4-D. The highest number of somatic embryos has been produced on medium with 0.5 mg·L^-1 2, 4-D and 0.3 mg·L^-1 KT. Germinated embryos with shoot axes were changed to MS media with 6-BA 0.5 mg·L^-1. The results suggest that in vitro culture of somatic embryogenesis from lily bulb scales can be used for plant regeneration.     

玉米骨干自交系幼胚再生体系的建立

以玉米骨干自交系‘87-1’、‘综3’、‘137’和‘K12’的幼胚为外植体,研究了影响玉米幼胚再生体系建立的相关因素.结果表明:87-1幼胚在附加500 mg.L-1L-Pro5、00 mg.L-1L-Asn和2.5 mg.L-12,4-D的N6B5基本培养基上愈伤组织诱导率最高,平均可高达98.1%;初级愈伤组织在附加500 mg.L-1L-Pro5、00 mg.L-1L-Asn和1.25 mg.L-12,4-D的N6B5继代培养基上胚性愈伤组织诱导率最高,平均可高达65.6%.在相同诱导、继代培养基和相同培养条件下,4个不同基因型玉米骨干自交系的愈伤组织诱导率无显著性差异,而其胚性愈伤组织诱导率具有显著性差异.继代培养次数对绿苗分化率也产生重要影响,具有显著性差异,其中,1次继代分化率最高;1/2MS培养基附加0.2 mg.L-1KT更有利于分化苗生根.     

结缕草成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导及再生体系的研究

以结缕草的成熟胚为外植体,通过胚性愈伤组织诱导进行植株再生。结果表明在MS+2,4-D(2.0mg/L)+VB1(4mg/L)的培养基中,成熟胚可较高频率的诱导产生愈伤组织,诱导率为43.20%,但愈伤组织质量较差。将其在降低2,4-D浓度和添加6-BA,ABA的继代培养基中继代培养,可明显改善愈伤组织质量,增加胚性愈伤。筛选继代的胚性愈伤组织置于分化培养基MS+6-BA(1.0mg/L)+KT(2.0mg/L)+NAA(0.1mg/L)中,分化率45.6%。本研究建立了一套有效的以成熟胚为外植体结缕草组织培养再生体系。     

The Comparison in Tissue Culture Ability of Mature Embryo in Different Cultivars of Rice

In order to study the regeneration technology of mature embryos in different rice varieties,nine japonica,nine indica and eleven hybrid rice varieties of two line or three line or superiority combinations were selected as explants to study the callus induction,differentiation and regeneration rates on different media.The higher callus induction （61.7-89.2%） was observed in japonica rice,when cytokinin was added at lower concentration （0.3 mg L-1 6-BA） in M8 basal medium,supplemented with 30 g L-1 sucrose,8 g L-1 agar and 2 mg L-1 2,4-D.Further,the addition of two cytokinins （2 mg L-1 6-BA,0.5 mg L-1 KT） and 1 mg L-1 NAA in the M8 basal supplemented medium resulted in 9.1-100% of the callus induction in indica rice.The percent callus induction in hybrid rice varieties was 40-86.3% when addition of 1 mg L-1 6-BA and 1 mg L-1 KT was added,and the cytokinins was required by the japonica and indica rice varieties in the M8 basal supplemented medium.It was observed that when the 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D and 1 mg L-1 6-BA were added in japonica rice,and 0.2 mg L-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L-1 6-BA were added in indica and hybrid rice in the MS different media,the regeneration rates were 9.2-59.5%,3.6-87.5% and 17.2-43.2% for japonica,indica and hybrid rice,respectively.Thus,the regeneration technology with higher output is established in the mature embryos of similar rice varieties.     

思茅松成熟胚的胚性愈伤组织诱导与增殖1）

以思茅松（Pinus kesiya var．langbianensis）成熟合子胚为外植体,1／2MSG培养基为基本成分,采用正交试验设计研究2,4－D、6－BA和TRIA 3种植物生长调节剂对其胚性愈伤组织诱导的影响并获得最优诱导培养基,通过改变生长调节剂种类和降低其质量浓度的方式研究胚性愈伤组织增殖效果,筛选适宜的增殖培养基。结果表明：1／2MSG＋2,4－D 5．000 mg· L－1＋6－BA 4．000 mg· L－1＋TRIA 0．005 mg· L－1为最佳诱导培养基;2,4－D对思茅松成熟胚诱导胚性愈伤组织的影响最大,其次是TRIA,6－BA的影响最小;最佳的增殖培养基为P6＋NAA 2．0 mg· L－1＋6－BA 0．6 mg· L－1。     

小麦成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生体系的研究

以小麦的成熟胚为外植体,通过胚性愈伤组织诱导进行植株再生.研究结果表明,在MS+2,4-D(3.0 mg/L)+VB1(1.0 mg/L)的培养基中,成熟胚可较高频率的诱导产生愈伤组织,诱导率为72.3%,但愈伤组织质量较差;在低浓度2,4-D和添加了ABA的继代培养基中,愈伤组织质量明显改善,胚性愈伤组织增加.筛选继代的胚性愈伤组织置于分化培养基MS+6-BA(1.0mg/L)+KT(4.0 mg/L)+NAA(0.3 mg/L)中,分化率达73.18%.该研究建立了一套有效的以成熟胚为外植体的小麦组织培养再生体系.     

不同激素对甘薯胚性细胞悬浮系植株再生的影响

以甘薯品种济薯21和徐薯18的茎尖为材料,采用不同激素配比,对甘薯胚性愈伤组织的诱导及高效植株再生进行了研究。结果表明,济薯21和徐薯18较适宜的茎尖胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基分别为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+2.2 g/L KC l+2.0 mg/L 2,4-D和MS+2.0 mg/L 2,4-D;济薯21胚性细胞团在MS+1.0 mg/L ABA+1.0 mg/L GA3培养基上植株再生率最高,达到96%,徐薯18胚性细胞团在MS+1.0 mg/LABA培养基上的植株再生率最高,达到91%。     

桃遗传转化再生体系的建立与优化

以桃不同胚龄胚为外植体,建立桃遗传转化再生体系.结果表明:花后50 d的胚均能诱导出愈伤组织,并可分化出不定芽.胚愈伤组织诱导培养基以MS+6-BA0.25 mg/L+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L的效果最好,平均诱导率可达99.8%.将胚愈伤组织接种在培养基MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L上,愈伤组织转变为致密型,不定芽分化率为37.5%.将不定芽用100 mg/LIBA浸蘸其基部转移到不含激素的1/2 MS培养基中诱导生根,生根率为82.0%.花后75d的成熟胚不定芽的直接诱导率达到96.1%.     

白羊草真叶愈伤组织诱导和植株再生

在已建立白羊草无菌苗体系基础上,采用7日龄真叶为外植体,进行组织培养,目的在于建立更多受体材料,完善白羊草植株再生体系。结果表明,在愈伤诱导阶段KT的作用明显,其与2,4-D的交互作用优于ABA与2,4-D,也高于单独使用2,4-D,在2,4-D 1.0 mg.L-1+KT 0.5 mg.L-1时诱导率最大,达到93.45%;分化阶段6-BA 0.1mg.L-1与NAA0.04-0.06 mg.L-1的激素组合中分化率差异不明显;12 d左右产生丛生芽,以先长芽,后长根的方式开始发育,3~4周形成绿色分化植株,即可炼苗后移栽,植株生长良好。     

不同基因型玉米幼胚愈伤诱导及植株再生研究

本研究通过对不同基因型的玉米幼胚进行愈伤组织诱导实验,从49份玉米自交系材料中筛选出了5个胚性愈伤组织诱导率较高的自交系,其中,K6-64,K6-39,DL283-1诱导出的Ⅱ型胚性愈伤,具有很强的长期继代能力和再生能力,适宜作为转化受体材料进行遗传转化研究。对玉米幼胚在离体培养过程中影响因素进行了研究,1.5～2.0 mg/L 2,4-D能够较好的诱导玉米幼胚产生胚性愈伤组织。一定浓度的6-BA和KT都能够较好的促进玉米愈伤组织分化。     

玉米自交系幼胚再生体系建立的研究(英文)

以玉米自交系幼胚为外植体,研究了不同2,4-D浓度对愈伤组织诱导、BA浓度对苗分化和IBA对试管苗生根的影响。结果表明:2,4-D对胚性率诱导有明显影响,其诱导最佳培养基为N6+2,4-D2mg/L+水解酪蛋白(CH)500mg/L+脯氨酸(Pro)500mg/L+AgNO310mg/L;苗分化适宜的培养基是N6+BA0.5mg/L+水解酪蛋白500mg/L;试管苗生根的最佳培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.5mg/L。     

Effect of 6-BA and 2, 4-D on Soybean Transformation

Regeneration from cotyledonary nodes and embryonic tips of soybean "Peking" was studied. The disinfectant ways of the mercuric chloride and chlorine gas were used and the concentrations of 6-BA and 2, 4-D were studied in the culture medium. The results showed that the sterilization effect of chlorine gas was better than that of mercuric chloride. The best concentration of 6-BA was 1.0 mg · L-1 and the best concentration of 2, 4-D was 2.0 mg · L-1 in the germinating medium. The number of buds of each explant was 3.56 and 2.98, respectively. The best concentrations of 6-BA and 2, 4-D were 3.0 mg·L-1 and 3.5 mg·L-1 in regeneration of embryonic tips. The best inducing time was 16-20 h and the mean shoots per explant was 2.69 and 2.78, respectively.     

玉米自交系幼胚再生体系建立的研究

[目的]探索出玉米高频诱导具有胚性的愈伤组织和植株再生的条件。[方法]以玉米自交系幼胚为外植体,研究了不同2,4-D浓度对愈伤组织诱导、6-BA浓度对试管苗分化以及IBA浓度对试管苗生根的影响。[结果]2,4-D对玉米胚性率诱导有明显影响,其最佳诱导培养基为N6＋2,4-D 2 mg/L＋水解酪蛋白（CH）500 mg/L＋脯氨酸（pro）500 mg/L＋AgNO310 mg/L;试管苗分化适宜的培养基是N6＋6-BA 0.5 mg/L＋水解酪蛋白500 mg/L;试管苗生根的最佳培养基为1/2 MS＋IBA 0.5 mg/L。[结论]该研究可为玉米抗病基因的遗传转化和优良抗病玉米品种的培育奠定基础。     

贵州10种玉米基因型组织培养再生体系的建立

以贵州10种玉米基因型的幼胚为外植体,研究2,4-D浓度和基因型对玉米胚性愈伤组织诱导的影响,并进行再生体系研究。结果表明:不同基因型玉米幼胚诱导胚性愈伤组织的最适2,4-D浓度不同:黔单19、黔单20、黔单23、09H313、大青233、益玉6号母本、益玉6号父本的最适2,4-D浓度为1.0 mg/L,遵玉母本为2.0mg/L,黔单21为3.0 mg/L。另外,不同基因型胚性愈伤组织的诱导能力及分化再生能力差异明显。其中,胚性愈伤组织诱导率较高的是遵玉母本和大青233,分别为81.87%和71.39%,而绿芽分化率较高的是黔单23和黔单21,分别为89.80%和80.00%。贵州10种玉米基因型中黔单23、黔单21和益玉6号父本表现出较好的再生频率,可为农杆菌介导遗传转化提供备选受体。     

玉米自交系幼胚高效再生系统的建立

以22份玉米自交系为试验材料,以幼胚为外植体,研究基因型、诱导（分化）培养基、继代次数、Ag-NO3浓度对玉米幼胚胚性愈伤组织的诱导、保持和植株分化的影响。结果表明,玉米幼胚培养能力受基因型、培养基及二者互作效应的影响,基因型是主要的影响因子。3 mg/L的2,4-D对胚性愈伤组织诱导和保持起关键作用;0.5 mg/L 6-BA抑制胚性愈伤组织的发生;8-12 mg/L AgNO3明显改善部分基因型愈伤组织质量,提高胚性愈伤组织诱导率。分化培养基中添加1 mg/L的KT和0.5 mg/L的IBA促进绿苗的分化和根系的生长。胚性愈伤组织继代3-5次后调整到最佳状态。确定了玉米幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为N6＋3 mg/L 2,4-D＋8-12 mg/L AgNO3＋0.2 mg/L IAA,最佳分化培养基为N6＋1 mg/L KT＋0.5 mg/L IBA。     

甜玉米和糯玉米幼胚离体培养试验

以N1、N28、T5、1＇6等4个玉米（Zea mays L．）自交系为材料,进行幼胚离体培养．通过愈伤组织的诱导、继代、分化和植株再生等试验,对影响玉米幼胚愈伤组织诱导率和胚性率的因素进行了分析．结果表明,甜、糯玉米幼胚诱导出愈伤组织的能力较为普遍,但诱导率及胚性率因基因型不同、所选用培养基不同而不同,基因型是影响玉米幼胚愈伤组织诱导和幼苗再生的一个重要因素;选择大小为1～2mm的幼胚作为外植体有利于诱导出理想的胚性愈伤组织;2,4-D是愈伤组织诱导和继代不可缺少的植物激素,在愈伤组织诱导及继代过程中2,4-D含量以2．0mg／L为宜;AgNO3有利于胚性愈伤组织的诱导和生长,最佳含量为10mg／L,比对照高27．15％．     

外源激素在玉米离体培养中的作用研究

以玉米自交系黄早4、综31的幼胚为材料,对外源激素在玉米离体培养中的作用进行了研究。结果表明,2.0 mg/L的2,4-D可以诱导出高频率的胚性愈伤组织,而添加高浓度的6-BA不利于胚性愈伤的诱导;6-BA(0.5 mg/L)+KT(1.0 mg/L)+NAA(0.2 mg/L)的激素组合对于胚性愈伤组织的分化明显优于其他的激素组合;单独使用1.0 mg/L的NAA有利于根的生长和发育,虽然NAA1.0 mg/L+多效唑2.0 mg/L的激素组合中,根的平均数量和平均长度不如单独使用1.0 mg/L的NAA,但是幼苗的移栽成活率二者无显著差异。     

马齿苋的组织培养和植株再生

用马齿苋的幼嫩叶片和茎段建立了马齿苋组织培养及植株再生系统。最适愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS 6-BA 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L或2,4-D 1.0 mg/L,愈伤组织诱导率均可达100%。将生长良好的愈伤组织块转入分化培养基中以诱导不定芽的分化,其最适分化培养基为MS 6-BA 4.0 mg/L NAA 0.2 mg/L,分化率达到87.5%。再生苗在1/2MS IBA 2.0 mg/L的培养基上诱导生根,经过15d培养,100%生根成苗。     

芝麻菜愈伤组织诱导及植株再生*

 以芝麻菜(Eruca sativa Mill)无菌苗的下胚轴、子叶和子叶柄作为外植体,研究了不同的激素浓度和组合对其愈伤组织诱导和植株再生的影响。结果表明,分别以MS+0.8mg／L 2,4-D,MS+0.8mg／L 2,4-D+0.1mg／L 6-BA,MS+0.8mg／L 2,4-D+0.2mg／L 6-BA为下胚轴、子叶柄和子叶的愈伤组织诱导培养基时,效果较好,出愈率依次为86.3%,78.2%,97.6%;将下胚轴、子叶柄和子叶的愈伤组织分别转移到分化培养基MS+3.0mg／L 6-BA+0.1mg／L　NAA,MS+3.0 mg／L 6-BA+0.2mg／L NAA上再生不定芽,效果最佳,不定芽再生频率分别为72.7%,63.6%,69.2%。将不定芽切下转移至1／2 MS+0.5mg／L IBA培养基上诱导生根,生根率达81％以上。     

EFFICIENT CALLUS INDUCTION AND PLANT REGENERATION FROM IMMATURE EMBRYO CULTURE OF TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. - THINOPYRUM INTERMEDIUM ALLEN DISOMIC ADDITION LINES

An efficient plant regeneration system was developed from the immature embryos of Triticum aestivum L. Thinopyrum intermedium alien disomic addition lines, which resistant to powdery mildew. The protocol was based on a series of experiments involving the callus induction and differentiation. The experiment studied the effects ofmature embryos. We found that the embryembryo size on callus induction and differentiation of the immature embryos. We found that the embryo size is critical for the establishment of embryogenic callus. Immature embryos (0.8 ~ 1.5 ram) showed high ability to produce embryogenie callus capable of regenerating green plants. The medium Murashige and Skoog‘ s (MS) added with 2mg/L 2, 4-diehlo-rophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) gave the best embryogenic callus induction, maintenance and regeneration. The embryogenic callus maintained high regeneration during six subcultures in the callus induction medium. Suitable time ofpartialdesiccation could effectively improve the regeneration capacity of the callus cultured for 3-4 month. Bud green spot and root green spot were observed during the differentiation of callus and the difference between them was described. Regenerated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Plants were successfully transferred to soil and grew well. This efficient plant regeneration system provides a foundation for the study of somaclonal variation of Triticum aestivum L.- Thinopyrum intermedium alien disomic addition lines.