共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 468 毫秒
1.
通过现场采样及室内分析方法,研究了Cd、Pb严重污染的土壤中蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶和脱氢酶活性的变化及其与土壤Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量和土壤基本性质之间的关系。通径分析表明,影响蛋白酶活性主要直接因素为土壤有效Cd、土壤有效Zn、砂粒和黏粒,其中土壤有效Zn刺激了酶活性而土壤有效Cd抑制了酶活性;影响酸性磷酸酶活性主要直接因素为碱解氮、速效磷、pH值,土壤有效Cu、土壤有效Cd、土壤有效Pb、土壤有效Zn对酸性磷酸酶的直接影响较小;影响脱氢酶活性主要直接因素为土壤有效Cd、土壤有效Zn、土壤速效钾,其中土壤有效Cd抑制了酶活性而土壤有效Zn刺激了酶活性。总体而言,4种重金属有效态对酶活性毒性大小依次为:Cd〉Cu〉Pb〉Zn。综合简单相关分析结果可知,总体上Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn复合污染刺激了蛋白酶活性,抑制了脱氢酶活性,对酸性磷酸酶活性影响不大,脱氢酶可作为上述土壤重金属复合污染的指标。3种土壤酶活性变化是重金属与土壤理化性质综合作用的结果。 相似文献
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东南景天提取污染土壤中锌的潜力研究 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
通过盆栽实验研究了两种生态型东南景天提取污染土壤中锌的能力,结果表明,超积累生态型东南景天具有很强的忍耐土壤中高浓度锌、铅和镉的能力,并能从土壤中吸收和转移大量锌到地上部,超积累生态型东南景天地上部的Zn含量为7062~9558mg/kg,非超积累生态型为256~407mg/kg,超积累生态型东南景天地上部的Zn总积累是非超积累生态型的4l~62倍。矿山土壤添加稻草后,促进了超积累生态型东南景天的生长,地上部生物量显著提高,且锌含量也明显增加。种植超积累生态型东南景天后土壤乙酸铵提取态锌有上升趋势,和种植前比较,在矿山土壤和污染土壤上分别增加了4.3%和9.4%,种植超积累生态型东南景天后土壤交换态锌和有机结合态锌明显增加,残渣态锌减少,而对非生态型,种植前后土壤中锌的化学形态没有什么变化。添加菜籽饼和稻草对两种土壤中Zn的化学形态转化均没有显著性影响,其原因有待进一步研究。这些研究结果表明,超积累生态型东南景天具有较强的修复锌污染土壤的潜力。 相似文献
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重金属Cd、Zn、Cu和Pb复合污染对土壤生物活性的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过野外土样采集及室内培养试验(25℃),研究了云南东川铜矿区土壤酶和微生物特征,以及模拟重金属Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb复合污染对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响。结果表明,矿区土壤(距矿口0~800 m)重金属污染严重,Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu全量和有效含量是对照土壤(距矿口10 000 m)的3.7~141.0倍和2.2~773.2倍;距矿口越近,土壤有机质、有效氮、有效磷和速效钾含量及土壤pH亦越低,土壤酶活性和土壤微生物数量、微生物生物量碳和氮受到的抑制程度也显著增强。与对照土壤相比,距矿口0~800 m的土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活性分别降低25.5%~47.3%、22.6%~74.2%、30.9%~83.1%、16.7%~69.1%和34.6%~92.3%;细菌、放线菌和真菌数量分别较对照下降30.5%~80.1%、8.1%~49.9%和3.3%~8.3%。土壤酶中的酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶,土壤微生物中的细菌对重金属污染较为敏感。恒温(25℃)培养试验中,低量的Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb复合污染刺激了土壤酶活性和细菌、真菌、放线菌、微生物生物量碳和氮的数量,但高量的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd复合污染使土壤酶活性、细菌、真菌、放线菌、微生物生物量碳和氮均显著下降。重金属Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb之间存在着一定的协同或拮抗作用,Cd、Zn、Cu和Pb之间在微生物生物量碳和氮上表现出明显的协同效应,Pb与Cd、Zn、Cu对细菌数量的复合效应机制为拮抗效应,Cd、Zn、Cu和Pb对真菌数量和放线菌数量的复合效应机制表现为协同效应和拮抗效应并存。 相似文献
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通过盆栽实验研究了重金属Cu递进胁迫对白茅根际和非根际土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,随着Cu浓度的增加,根际和非根际土壤的pH值下降、土壤酸化,而电导率呈持续上升,但根际土壤的pH值持续高于非根际土壤且更接近于中性。在梯度浓度的重金属Cu胁迫下,根际和非根际蔗糖酶活性随Cu浓度增加均表现出先升后降的趋势,但根际土壤的蔗糖酶活性在Cu浓度为1000 mg kg-1时达到峰值,而非根际土壤则在Cu浓度为500 mg kg-1时已到达峰值。白茅根际和非根际土壤中磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性受Cu离子的影响均表现出持续下降的趋势,但各酶受抑制率各不相同。对梯度浓度Cu胁迫下的白茅根际和非根际土壤酶活性而言,四种酶在根际土壤中的活性普遍高于非根际土壤,且Cu2+对根际酶活性的抑制率也大于非根际土壤酶。对重金属单Cu污染敏感的土壤酶类依次为磷酸酶>蔗糖酶>脲酶>过氧化氢酶,其中磷酸酶可作为检测污染土壤的指示酶。 相似文献
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采矿活动对稻田土壤重金属累积与酶活性的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
湖南省矿产资源丰富,是著名的有色金属之乡。为了研究采矿活动对稻田重金属累积和生态环境的影响,对湘北某县H镇硫铁矿冶炼厂附近稻田和灌溉溪流进行监测分析,并以无矿业开发的T镇稻田作为对照。结果表明,受采矿废水排放影响,H镇溪水重金属污染严重,尤其Cu、Zn、Cd含量远超农田灌溉水质量限值。受污染溪流灌溉影响,H镇稻田土壤Zn、Cd、Fe、Ni、Pb等污染严重。而T镇灌溉水和稻田土壤无重金属污染现象。受重金属污染影响,H镇稻田土壤酶活性显著降低。尤其溪流北侧长期受污染溪流灌溉的重污染稻田,土壤脱氢酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、中性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶的活性,分别只有对照稻田土壤的14.3%、30.0%、22.8%、51.2%、73.2%。表明稻田土壤重金属污染已产生严重的生态毒害,其中土壤脱氢酶受重金属抑制最敏感,可作为反映土壤重金属污染的生态指标。 相似文献
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由于土壤酶活性可有效地反映土壤重金属的污染程度,因此,本文通过研究Cd、Pb单一及复合污染对土壤酶(脱氢酶、磷酸酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、淀粉酶和蔗糖酶)活性的影响,以期选取合适的土壤酶指标作为Cd、Pb污染的生物标记物,为建立Cd、Pb污染生态修复的基准提供科学依据。研究结果表明,不同的土壤酶活性对Cd、Pb的敏感性各不相同,并且酶活性随土壤重金属浓度增加表现为叠加效应或拮抗效应。Cd、Pb单一及复合污染对脲酶活性抑制作用显著,Cd、Pb复合污染对脲酶活性表现为叠加效应,因此,脲酶可作为土壤Cd、Pb污染的生物标记物。通过半数生态剂量模型研究发现:Cd、Pb污染下,50%脲酶活性受抑制的毒性阈值分别为2273和2703;Cd污染土壤的生态修复基准值为1.33mg·kg-1,Pb污染土壤的生态修复基准值为106mg·kg-1。 相似文献
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重金属Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb复合污染对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响 总被引:16,自引:4,他引:16
通过野外土样采集及室内测定,研究了云南东川铜矿区土壤酶和微生物特征,并采用盆栽试验研究了重金属Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb复合污染对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响。结果表明,距离矿口越近,土壤有机质、有效N、P、K的含量、土壤pH值亦越低,土壤酶活性和土壤微生物数量、微生物生物量C和N受到的抑制程度也增强,其中土壤酶中的酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶,土壤微生物中的细菌对重金属污染较为敏感。盆栽试验中,Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb复合污染使白菜(Brassica rapapekinensis)生物量明显下降,且随复合污染程度的增加,白菜生物量下降幅度增加。Cd与Zn、Cu、Pb,Zn与Cd、Cu、Pb,Cu与Cd、Zn、Pb的复合效应机制为协同效应,而Pb与Cd、Zn、Cu的复合效应机制为拮抗效应。重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd复合污染使土壤酶活性显著降低,但低量的Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb复合污染刺激了细菌、真菌、放线菌、微生物生物量C和N。重金属Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb对土壤酶活性和土壤微生物数量及微生物生物量C和N的复合效应机制表现出协同和拮抗效应。 相似文献
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土壤微生物对土壤重金属污染反应敏感,是探讨矿区土壤重金属污染生态效应的有效指标之一。通过野外调查与采样和室内分析,研究了藏中矿区重金属污染对土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、脱氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性、微生物生物量C(MBC)、N(MBN)和P(MBP)、土壤基础呼吸、代谢商(qCO2)及可矿化N的影响。研究表明,矿区土壤重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd全量和有效含量均高于对照土壤;随着矿区土壤重金属含量增加,土壤酶活性、微生物量C、N和P、可矿化N均逐渐降低,土壤基础呼吸和qCO2则逐渐升高;土壤重金属与土壤蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性、脱氢酶活性、酸性磷酸酶活性、MBC、MBN、土壤基础呼吸、qCO2及可矿化N具有显著的线性相关;脱氢酶活性对土壤重金属污染最为敏感,表明脱氢酶活性可作为藏中矿区土壤环境质量变化的有效指标。 相似文献
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硫对超积累植物东南景天生长和镉累积的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过营养液培养试验研究了不同硫镉水平对超积累东南景天生长和镉累积的影响。结果表明,不同处理下东南景天根、茎和叶片的生物量、镉含量、镉累积量均以叶片>茎>根,且以Cd100>Cd10,显示出东南景天对镉的超积累特性。供硫1.5~2.25 mmol/L显著提高超积累东南景天根、茎和叶片的生物量、镉含量、镉累积量及整株镉累积总量。超积累东南景天地上部分(叶片 茎)镉累积量/地下部分(根)镉累积量的比值(S/R)远大于1,表明东南景天植株体内可能存在"增硫诱导镉需求"现象,而从植物修复角度来说,利用增硫手段提高超积累东南景天生长和地上部镉的积累能力具有重要的应用价值。超积累东南景天Cd的吸收速率和转运速率随营养液中硫(S)浓度的增加而增加,二者可分别用对数方程和直线方程来描述。 相似文献
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外源有机酸对两种生态型东南景天吸收和积累锌的影响 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15
通过溶液培养试验,比较研究了外源有机酸对两种生态型东南景天生长和锌吸收与积累的影响。结果表明,外加柠檬酸或草酸能明显增强非超积累生态型东南景天的耐锌毒能力,叶片、茎和根系的生物量均有增加;而对锌超积累生态型东南景天的生长没有显著性影响。外加柠檬酸、草酸或柠檬酸+草酸,锌超积累生态型根系Zn含量显著增加,但叶片和茎组织中Zn含量无明显变化;而非超积累生态型叶片、茎和根系Zn含量均显著增加,尤其是根系Zn含量,与单独Zn处理相比外源有机酸处理增加4~5倍。同样,外加柠檬酸、草酸或柠檬酸+草酸明显提高Zn在非超积累生态型根系和地上部的积累量,且对地上部Zn积累量的促进程度大于根部;柠檬酸的促进作用又比草酸及2种酸混合处理高1倍。然而,有机酸处理对Zn超积累生态型根系Zn积累量有所增加,但对叶片和茎中Zn积累量无影响。叶片和茎中水溶态Zn含量也受外源有机酸的影响,2种生态型叶片、茎中水溶态Zn含量均受有机酸处理而提高。Zn超积累生态型叶片和茎中水溶态Zn含量占总Zn含量比例也受有机酸处理而增大,但非超积累生态型则显著降低。上述结果表明,柠檬酸和草酸可能作为其Zn吸收的配基,促进根系对Zn吸收与积累,叶片和茎中的Zn可能与可溶性有机化合物或无机盐结合。 相似文献
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Wenhao Yang Taoxiang Zhang Siliang Li Wuzhong Ni 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(8):1385-1396
Purpose
Effects of phytoextraction by Sedum alfredii H., a native cadmium hyperaccumulator, on metal removal from and microbial property improvement of a multiple heavy metals contaminated soil were studied under greenhouse conditions.Materials and methods
A rhizobox experiment with an ancient silver-mining ecotype of S. alfredii natively growing in Zhejiang Province, China, was conducted for remediation of a multiple heavy metals contaminated soil. The rhizobox was designed combining the root-shaking method for the separation of rhizospheric vs near-rhizospheric soils and prestratifying method for separation of sublayers rhizospheric soils (0–10 mm from the root) and bulk soil (>10 mm from the root). Soil and plant samplings were carried out after 3 and 6 months of plant growth.Results and discussion
Cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) concentrations in shoots were 440.6, 11,893, and 91.2 mg kg?1 after 6 months growth, and Cd, Zn, and Pb removed in the shoots were 0.862, 25.20, and 0.117 mg/plant. Microbial biomass C, basal respiration, urease, acid phosphatase, and invertase activities of the rhizospheric soils were significantly higher than that of unplanted soils after 6 months growth. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) of 0–2 mm and basal respiration (BR) rate of 0–8 mm sublayer rhizospheric soils were significantly higher than that of bulk soil after 6 months growth. So were the three enzyme activities of 0–4 mm sublayer rhizospheric soils. BR rate and urease were significantly negatively correlated with soluble Cd, so were MBC, acid phosphatase, and intervase activities with soluble Zn, MBC, BR rate, and three enzyme activities with soluble Pb.Conclusions
Harvesting shoots of S. alfredii could remove remarkable amounts of Cd, Zn, Pb, and lower water-soluble Cd, Zn, and Pb concentrations in the rhizospheric soils. MBC, BR rate, and enzyme activities of the metal polluted soil, especially the rhizospheric soils increased with phytoextraction process, which is attributed to the stimulation of soil microbes by planting as well as the decrease in soil-soluble metal concentration. 相似文献15.
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《Applied soil ecology》2010,46(3):144-151
Soil microbial activity plays a crucial role in soil microbiological processes, which can be used as a useful indicator to determine the ecological effects of heavy metal pollution on soils. The objective was to determine the effects of heavy metal pollution on mining soils at the Lawu mine of central Tibet, China on soil enzyme activities (sucrase, urease and acid phosphatase), microbial biomass C, N and P (MBC, MBN, and MBP), basal respiration, metabolic quotients, and N mineralization. Sixteen soil samples around the mine were sampled, and one soil sample, 2 km from the mine center, was taken as the control. Compared to the control, mining soils were polluted by heavy metals, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd, resulting in decreases of sucrase activities, urease activities, acid phosphatase activities, MBC, MBN, MBP, and N mineralization, and increases of basal respiration and qCO2. Multivariate analysis (cluster analysis [CA], principle component analysis [PCA] and canonical correlation analysis [CCA]) indicated nine microbial variables were only reduced to one principal component explaining 72% of the original variances, and MBC (R2 = 0.93) had the highest positive loadings on the principal component. Mining soils polluted by heavy metals were perfectly clustered into four groups, which were highly distinguished by MBC. There were significant canonical correlations between soil heavy metals and microbial indexes on two canonical variates (R1 = 0.99, p < 0.001; R2 = 0.97, p < 0.01), which further demonstrated significant correlations between soil heavy metal contents and microbial characteristics. Hence, our results suggested that MBC may be used a sensitive indicator for assessing changes in soil environmental quality in metal mine of central Tibet. 相似文献
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Phytoextraction of Metal-Contaminated Soil by Sedum alfredii H: Effects of Chelator and Co-planting 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Phytoextraction is a promising technology that uses hyperaccumulating plants to remove inorganic contaminants, primarily heavy metals, from soils and waters. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate impacts of a mixture of chelators (MC) upon the growth and phytoextraction of heavy metals by the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance in a co-planting system in a paddy soil that was historically irrigated with Pb and Zn contaminated mining wastewaters. The co-planting system used in this study was comprised of a Zn- and Cd-hyperaccumulator (S. alfredii) and a low-accumulating crop (Zea mays). Results showed that yields of S. alfredii were significantly increased with the addition of the MC and by co-planting with Z. mays. Our study further revealed that concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cd in the corn grains of Z. mays conform to the Chinese hygiene standards for animal feeds and in the other parts of Z. mays conform to the Chinese organic fertilizer standards. The uptake of Zn, Cd, and Pb by S. alfredii was significantly increased with the addition of MC. The uptake of Zn by S. alfredii was also significantly enhanced by co-planting with Z. mays, but the interaction between MC and co-planting was not significant, meaning the effects of the two types of treatments should be additive. When the MC was applied to the co-planting system in the soil contaminated with Zn, Cd, and Pb, the highest phytoextraction rates were observed. This study suggested that the use of the hyperaccumulator S. alfredii and the low-accumulating crop Z. mays in the co-planting system with the addition of the MC was a more promising approach than the use of a single hyperaccumulator with the assistance of EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). This approach not only enhances the phytoextraction rates of the heavy metals but also simultaneously allows agricultural practices with safe feed products in the metal-contaminated soils. 相似文献
18.
复合污染土壤中水稻根际元素特性及效应研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
【目的】以广东大宝山重金属复合污染农田为生长介质,通过研究水稻不同部位生长量、 金属含量、 对金属的富集系数,及其与根际、 非根际土金属含量、 形态变化的相关关系,探讨根际效应可能对水稻体内金属积累转运以及生物量的影响。【方法】选取了广东大宝山稻田重金属复合污染(As、 Pb、 Fe、 Cu、 Zn)土壤及当地常见的20个水稻品种进行根际袋试验,即将根际袋内的土视为根际土,根际袋外的土视为非根际土,将供试水稻品种种植于根际袋土壤中60天后收获,测定水稻各部位的生长量、 不同金属的含量,根际土和非根际土中各金属有效态的含量。【结果】Fe、 Cu、 Pb、 Zn、 As在根部的富集系数均大于其在茎叶的富集系数,各金属在茎叶和根部的富集能力排序分别为Zn Cu As ≈ Pb ≈ Fe和Fe Zn As Cu Pb。根际土和非根际土中各种金属有效态含量均为Fe Cu Pb Zn As。研究还发现,有效态Fe、 Cu和Zn浓度对整株干重的影响显著,作用强弱顺序为Cu Zn Fe,对水稻生长影响作用显著的三种有效态金属Fe、 Cu和Zn均为植物生长所必需的元素。供试土壤中有效态Cu浓度对水稻的生长所起的作用最强。根际土有效态Fe浓度对根系Fe的积累作用效果显著,有效态As浓度显著抑制了根系Fe的积累,且有效态As浓度的作用强于有效态Fe。【结论】根际土中有效态Fe对株高、 根干重、 茎叶干重和整株干重均起着抑制作用,有效态Cu对水稻生长起到了促进作用。根际土有效态As和非根际土有效态Zn对根部Fe的积累起到了抑制作用,根际土有效态Fe和非根际土有效态Cu则起到了促进作用。非根际土有效态Fe和有效态Zn对水稻根长的增加均起到了促进作用。 相似文献