草坪建植研究

综述了建植时期、坪床和水分管理对草坪建植的影响.结果表明:最佳的建植时期、良好的坪床以及合理的水分管理对草坪建植至关重要,不同类型的草坪管理方式有所不同.该研究对草坪的建植具有重要意义.     

浅议草坪的建植与管理技术

草坪已成为城市绿化美化的重要组成部分,草坪建植与管理直接影响草坪的质量与效果。笔者通过多年的工作研究,提出草坪建植与管理的技术,供参考。草坪建植与管理是通过人工对适合与本地地理气候,土壤条件的牧草品种经过对坪床进行科学的规划、设计、平整等技术处理后,经播种、发芽、生长、喷灌、施肥、修剪等一系列的建植与管理程序，     

脲醛泡沫基质在高羊茅草坪建植中的应用研究

试验尝试将脲醛泡沫栽培基质引入草坪建植,通过对脲醛泡沫基质理化性质分析,选用3种脲醛泡沫基质(A、B、C),同时设覆土和不覆土处理,进行了草坪建植田间试验。结果表明:3种脲醛泡沫基质的含氮量分别为23.47%、24.50%和25.24%,且均属于低容重基质,其理化性状符合进行草坪种植要求。脲醛泡沫基质A和B,其覆土处理和不覆土处理及脲醛泡沫基质C覆土处理草坪的发芽率、评分、成坪时间差异不大。与常规土壤草坪建植相比,草坪质量建植初期无显著差异而后期显著提高,且草坪绿期、草屑量等考核指标均显著优于常规土壤草坪建植。从草坪总体质量及简化草坪建植过程和养护考虑,脲醛泡沫A和B采用直播的方式进行草坪建植是一种较为简单易行的草坪建植方式。     

高校足球运动场草坪的建植与管理初探

足球运动场草坪的建植与养护管理是一个细致而复杂的工作。结合实际工作经验,以北京电子科技学院足球运动场草坪种植工程为例,通过对足球运动场草坪建植的初步探讨,总结出排灌系统的设计、整地以及草坪草种的正确选择是运动场草坪建植非常重要的基础性工作,是影响草坪最终景观效果的关键性因素。另外,运动场草坪后期养护管理尤为重要,以期能为同行起到一定参考和借鉴的作用。     

草坪杂草的危害及其防除技术

了解草坪杂草的危害特点,对采取有效的控制措施具有重要的指导意义.掌握杂草的防除技术是决定草坪建植成败的关键,尤其是新建植的草坪,如不及时防除杂草,将会严重影响草坪的质量,甚至导致建植的失败,本文就草坪杂草的危害特点及其从建植到收获种子整个生育期的防除技术作以系统的介绍,以供生产和科研借鉴.     

城市园林绿化中草坪建植技术

随着人民生活水平的不断提高，人们对居住环境提出了更高的要求。在城市化背景下，越来越多的企业参与到园林绿化施工中。草坪建植是城市园林绿化的重要组成部分，近年来随着城市园林绿化范围的不断扩大，草坪建植技术迎来了巨大挑战，主要问题是从业人员素质不高、良莠不齐，导致出现一些工程质量问题，不得不返工重新铺植。本研究从场地准备、草坪建植方式两方面阐述了城市园林绿化中草坪建植技术，以期为城市绿化设计提供相关有益参考。     

草坪的合理建植

对北方常见草坪(冷季型草坪)的建植做了详细描述,阐明草坪的建植是草坪质量的基础。     

西宁地区草坪建植方法

草坪的建植工作对草坪的养护和管理至关重要。本文根据近几年的实践,简要地阐述了西宁地区草坪建坪过程中遇到的常见问题、建植技术和措施。     

播种草坪的杂草防治

随着人们环境意识的增强,近几年来,草坪在城乡的绿化中得到很大的发展,同时,播种法因其具有施工投资少、经济的优点,为大多数草坪建植者所采用.但播种法建植草坪也有一个最大的缺点,就是杂草容易侵人,而且一旦侵入,不易防除,轻者提高除杂费用,重者整片草坪荒废,不仅错过了最佳绿化时期也给建植者造成不必要的经济损失.所以,如何采取有效措施,将杂草的发生控制在最低水平是播种法建植草坪成功的重中之重.     

冷季型草坪建植与养护技术

通过近几年在铜仁栽培冷季型草坪的试验,对冷季型草坪建植与养护技术进行分析总结,探讨了冷季型草坪栽培的技术要点,以期对铜仁草坪建植管理提供参考。     

枇杷杂交新品种‘早钟6号’与亲本花粉形态观察比较

 对枇杷杂交新品种‘早钟6号’与父母本(‘森尾早生’和‘解放钟’) 的花粉形状、大小、萌发孔、表面纹饰进行显微观察, 应用扫描探针显微镜图像处理程序建立三维图象进行分析, 结果表明: 3个品种花粉都是长球形, 具3 孔沟; 父本、母本及子代花粉的极/ 赤( P/ E) 值分别为: 1. 346 、1. 268 、1. 193; 花粉平均轴径为20. 71 、24. 33 、23. 83 􀀁m; 花粉大小及表面纹饰有明显差异; 子代‘早钟6号’的花粉形态介于父本母本之间。从孢粉学角度阐述杂交种‘早钟6号’与父母本间的亲缘关系。     

Direct calorimetric analysis of turf grass sod for storage life assessment

Heating of stacked turfgrass sod post-harvest, causes rapid plant tissue deterioration and is a major factor for stacking arrangement, storage time and the geographic distance that sod can be shipped. Direct calorimeters were designed, built, and tested to measure heat production and heat transfer rates through material with known thermal properties. They were calibrated using electrical resistance heating and analyzed as steady-state systems. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) sod sections with moisture contents ranging from 6 to 30% were placed in calorimeters throughout the summer and fall of 2002 to determine the influence of moisture content on heat production. Energy production had a positive linear relationship with moisture content. Transient temperatures cycles were found to be small. The rate of increase was 0.0032 W kg⁻¹ dry weight for each percent sod moisture content between 6 and 30%. This suggests that lower moisture content is more desirable for generating less heat, but sod must be irrigated prior to harvest to provide adequate handling properties. Further research needs to be conducted to determine the minimum sod moisture content to reduce heating, while maintaining handling properties. Controlling sod heat production could expand the shipping area for sod producers.     

自然生草和间种绿肥对盆栽柑橘土壤养分、酶活性和微生物的影响

以盆栽2年生纽荷尔脐橙为试材,研究了清耕、自然生草和间种绿肥条件下土壤养分、微生物数量及酶活性的差异。结果表明,间种绿肥和自然生草处理能明显提高土壤中有机质、全氮、速效钾和速效磷的含量,但生草处理土壤速效氮含量低于清耕处理。间种绿肥和自然生草处理的土壤脲酶、蛋白酶和过氧化氢酶活性明显高于清耕处理。柑橘生育期内,土壤中微生物以细菌最多,占90%以上,其次是放线菌,真菌最少。间种绿肥使土壤中细菌和放线菌数量增多,生草则明显提高土壤中真菌数量。相关分析表明:土壤酶活性和微生物数量与土壤氮素和有机质含量之间显著正相关。     

地毯式草坪卷理想的基质厚度

用具有通透性的材料作为草坪卷的隔离层,在隔离层上面设1、2、3、4、5、6cm共6个不同基质厚度,通过对每个处理的成坪速度、起卷的难易度、起卷后的完整性、每1m2草坪卷的重量等方面进行观察、测定,并对不同基质厚度的草坪卷进行了移植适应性对比试验。结果表明:1cm基质厚度的处理成本最低,但起卷较困难,且起卷后草坪卷完整性很差,破碎成许多小块,几乎不能使用;2cm的草坪卷完整性稍好,但也有5～6个断裂点;3cm的完整性较好,只有1～2个断裂点,可以将1m2的草坪卷整块提起而不断裂。因此3cm的基质厚度从成本和起卷情况综合考虑是理想的基质厚度。     

草生栽培对(木奈)园温湿度和果实品质的影响

1999- 2 0 0 1年进行了草生栽培对园温湿度和果实品质影响的试验。结果表明 :草生栽培可以有效地改善果园生态环境 ,降低久旱暴雨后的裂果率 ,有利于提高果的商品质量和经济效益。     

莲属植物的花粉形态研究

利用扫描电镜对莲属植物的花粉形态进行观察研究。结果表明:所有测试材料的花粉形态极为相似,赤道面观均为长椭圆形,极面观均为三裂圆形,且都具有3条萌发沟。外壁纹饰基本为脑状纹,且外壁纹饰存在着深浅的变化。这些花粉的形态特征为莲的分类学和系统发育学研究提供了新的证据。     

An archaeological and historical exploration of the origins of green roofs

The origin of green roof could be interpreted as old wine in new bottle and traced to antiquity. Archaeological and historical records and contemporary geographical-ecological assessments provide ample evidence to interpret the birth and progressive evolution of the cultural heritage. Studies in different places find early shelters using different natural materials. Humans living in harsh climates need particularly effective weather-proof enclosures to survive. The Arctic region with natural resource deprivation furnished the cradle for green roof initiation and refinement. The versatile and rather ubiquitous earth, widely used since Neolithic times to build dwellings, offered learning opportunities regarding properties and applications. The primitive flimsy conical shelters were sealed by earth daubing, permitting nature’s seed rain to establish a vegetative cover to form the spontaneous meadow roof as green roof precursor. Subsequent progression to the house form, separating walls from roofs, required innovations to enhance weather-proofing and durability. Cutting from natural meadows mat-like sods with soil bound by dense fibrous roots into portable strips for roofing was better than plastering. Tantamount to transferring the sod ecosystem en masse from nature to roof, it permitted instant vegetation establishment and bypassed the erosion-vulnerable bare-earth stage. The invention denoted birth of the intentional sod roof. The materials and construction methods of the traditional multiple-layered sod roof are explained with the help of preserved technology. Employing research findings, eighteen hypothesized ecosystem services of sod roofs are identified and explained vis-à-vis modern counterparts.     

Sod establishment and turfgrass growth as affected by urea–formaldehyde resin foam soil amendment

Urea–formaldehyde resin foam (UFRF) has recently been introduced as a soil amendment for turfgrass culture. A field study was performed to evaluate the impact of UFRF on soil physical and chemical properties, sod establishment and turfgrass shoot and root growth. Treatments included a non-amended, sandy loam soil and the same soil amended with UFRF at a rate of 20% (v/v) incorporated into the upper 0.1 m of the substrate. Physical and chemical analyses of the two substrates involved the determination of bulk density, total porosity, air-filled porosity at 0.4 m, moisture release curve, pH and electrical conductivity. Turfgrass growth was determined through several measurements that included shoot growth rate, root growth rate and monitoring of three root architecture parameters namely, total root length, total root area and mean root diameter. Turfgrass establishment was evaluated by measuring the vertical force applied to detach the sod from the substrate.UFRF amendment did not influence pH and EC and provided minimal alterations (non-significant) in soil physical properties by slightly increasing total porosity, easily available water and air-filled porosity, and by reducing bulk density. The impact of UFRF amendment improved cumulative clipping yield in five sampling dates but root growth and sod establishment rate were better than the control only on one sampling date. There appears to be limited benefit in amending soil with UFRF.     

Gewurztraminer Grapevines Respond to Length of Water Stress Duration

Abstract

Gewurztraminer grapevines planted in 1989 were subjected to one of three durations of water stress (deficits imposed at postbloom, lag phase, veraison) in combination with three vineyard floor management strategies (clean cultivated, total herbicide, permanent sod). Data were gathered on vine performance, fruit composition, and water relations from 1991-96. Yield per vine, cluster weight, and berry weight were reduced linearly with duration of water deficit. Transpiration, stomatal conductance, and leaf water potential were likewise reduced with increased duration of water stress. Titratable acidity decreased and pH increased with duration of water stress, but °Brix was unaffected. Decreasing duration of water stress increased free volatile terpenes (FVT) at harvest, as well as increased potentially volatile terpenes (PVT) at both veraison and harvest. Maintaining a permanent sod tended to reduce all yield components, especially berry weight, but basic fruit composition was unaffected. FVT were highest at both veraison and harvest in berries from clean cultivated plots; however, PVT concentration was highest in berries from permanently sodded plots. Permanent sod treatments displayed lowest transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. Monitoring physiological response (particularly stomatal conductance) of the plant to reduced soil moisture provides a reliable indication of when to relieve irrigation deficits, as opposed to relying on soil moisture monitoring and/or visual assessment of water stress.     

石湾微塑

石湾微塑,佛山民间称作"山公",是石湾陶塑中的一个重要组成部分,其工艺是佛山市国家级非遗项目——石湾陶塑技艺中的一朵奇葩。"山公"分为立、走、坐、蹲、卧等姿势,神态各异;诗、酒、琴、棋、渔、樵、耕、读等内容,丰富多彩。"山公"虽小,但神态逼真,尤其是能把人物的喜、怒、哀、乐刻画得淋漓尽致,可谓匠心独具,惟妙惟肖,达到了型、神、意的高度统一。捏、贴、捺等胎骨法是其主要工艺技法。