常温贮藏条件下1-MCP处理对欧洲李子采后生理及品质的影响

以欧洲李子(Prunus domestica‘Hanita’and‘Elena’)为试材,研究了1-甲基环丙烯(1-methlcyclopropene)对欧洲李子果实采后生理和贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:在低温(3℃)下采用浓度为1.25μL/L的1-MCP对欧洲李子果实进行处理18h后,在常温贮藏过程中,‘Hanita’属于呼吸跃变型果实,而‘Elena’呼吸速率变化不大,属于非呼吸跃变型果实。1-MCP处理可以降低‘Hanita’果实呼吸高峰的峰值,有效地抑制乙烯释放量。但1-MCP处理对欧洲李子‘Hanita’和‘Elena’果实的可溶性固形物含量及可滴定酸含量的变化无影响。     

正常成熟与不成熟西瓜果实中ACS、ACO基因表达及乙烯产生的动态比较

<正>目的与意义:乙烯对非呼吸跃变型果实的成熟调控机制尚不明确。西瓜果实属于非呼吸跃变型果实,据报道称,外源乙烯处理会导致西瓜果实软化加速和水脱。以呼吸跃变型果实番茄为对照,拟测定西瓜果实乙烯的释放量和组织乙烯(CIE)含量,分析乙烯合成酶基因ACS和ACO基因在不同类型西瓜果实成熟过程中表达量变化,希望能解     

高浓度CO2处理对樱桃果实贮藏品质的影响

以"先锋"和"红灯"2个品种樱桃果实为试材,采用10％高浓度CO2处理果实并对贮藏期间品质指标进行测定,研究了高浓度CO2处理对不同品种樱桃品质的影响,以期为高浓度CO2处理在樱桃果实贮藏保鲜中的应用提供参考依据.结果 表明:10％高浓度CO2处理能有效减轻"先锋"和"红灯"樱桃贮藏期间果柄、果肉褐变及腐烂的发生,抑制丙二醛(MDA)含量和pH升高,减缓果实色泽变暗和可滴定酸含量的降低,提高果实中总酚含量,延缓花色苷含量升高,降低果实中多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性.高浓度CO2处理有效保持"红灯"樱桃果实的硬度,但对"先锋"樱桃无明显作用;有效减缓"先锋"樱桃果实可溶性固形物(SSC)含量的降低,但对"红灯"樱桃无明显作用;减缓"红灯"樱桃果实中维生素C含量的降低,但对"先锋"樱桃无明显作用.总体来说,10％高浓度CO2处理能较好的保持樱桃果实的品质及风味,延缓樱桃果实采后衰老,但对不同品质指标的影响随品种不同而不同.     

猕猴桃果实采后成熟衰老与植物生长调节物质的关系

猕猴桃含有丰富的营养价值和独特的保健功能,被誉为“水果之王”;属于呼吸跃变型果实,在采后贮藏过程中,容易成熟软化;植物生长调节物质在果实成熟衰老过程中起着非常重要的作用.现对植物生长调节物质与猕猴桃果实成熟衰老之间的关系进行了综述,以其为今后猕猴桃果实采后机理以及果实贮藏保鲜技术的研究提供参考.     

沙梨品种果实成熟后乙烯释放量研究

乙烯是参与果实成熟、软化和衰老的重要植物激素,果实成熟时的乙烯释放水平是决定货架期的关键因素。本研究以涵盖不同成熟期的28个沙梨品种为研究对象,通过测定成熟果实采后常温贮藏过程中乙烯释放量和硬度的变化,判断其呼吸跃变类型。结果显示,多数早熟沙梨品种成熟后乙烯释放量较高,并且于采后常温贮藏的第10~15d迅速上升抵达峰值,表现为呼吸跃变型果实;而多数中晚熟品种,乙烯释放量较低且采后释放量增加极为缓慢,显示为非呼吸跃变型特征。本实验还发掘出特异种质2份,即早熟非呼吸跃变型品种"鄂梨2号"和晚熟呼吸跃变型品种"金水1号"。本研究结果可为沙梨品种的生产和育种利用提供依据。     

宁夏枸杞采后呼吸强度和水分变化研究初报

为研究宁夏枸杞浆果采后贮藏保鲜技术,以4 a生的宁杞-1号品种的夏果为试材,研究了果实的呼吸强度和失水变化规律.结果表明:宁杞-1号枸杞是一种呼吸强度极高的浆果;绿色幼果的呼吸强度最高,达CO2407.05～420.34 mg·kg-1·h-1;随着果实发育成熟,呼吸强度逐渐降低;鲜红果的呼吸强度最低,达CO2139.99 mg·kg-1·h-1;初步证明宁杞-1号属于一种呼吸非跃变型的果实.在(5±1)℃的低温下,桔红色浆果极易失水,失水率和贮藏时间呈极显著的正相关关系,相关系数r=0.9996,第3天时失水率已达6.8%;保鲜膜包装能极显著抑制浆果失水,贮藏至22 d时失水率仅达3.74%.     

1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)对桃果实采后生理效应的影响

桃prunus persica(L.)Batsch.属于呼吸跃变型果实,对乙烯作用极为敏感。1-MCP是一种有效的乙烯作用抑制剂,它能抑制乙烯所诱导的与果实后熟相关的一系列生理生化反应,进而延缓采后果实的衰老进程,保持果实的贮藏品质。综述了1-MCP的作用机理及其对桃果实采后生理影响的研究现状,并对1-MCP应用前景进行了展望,以期为1-MCP在桃果实贮藏保鲜中的研究和应用提供参考。     

苹果自发气调贮藏技术

苹果是呼吸跃变型水果,气调贮藏(CA)效果极佳。我国目前仍以自发气调贮藏(MA)为主,即塑料小包装贮藏。在没有气调库的条件下,塑料小包装或大帐加冷库贮藏是最优方法,其贮藏效果优于单独的气调贮藏或冷藏。具体操作规程如下。1采收果实采收时间对耐藏性有很大影响。采收太早,果实外观色泽和风味不够好,且易发生生理病害;采收太迟,贮藏中衰老快,果肉发绵易褐变等。因此,短期贮藏的可延迟几天采收,长期贮藏的可提前几天采收。总的来说,应在果实充分成熟、果肉紧密而不软、果面有良好的蜡质时采收为宜。采收时一定要避免机械损伤。2药剂处理用…     

冬枣的呼吸特性研究

通过对冬枣呼吸特性的测定认为,冬枣属于呼吸跃变型果实。不同成熟度的果实及在不同贮藏温度下,冬枣果实的呼吸强度有较大变化,但半红期果实的呼吸强度明显高于白熟期果实。白熟期或１／３红时的果实已具有相当的食用品质,为延长保鲜期,可在１／３红时甚至白熟期采收。     

不同薄膜包装冷藏对扁桃主要成分变化的影响

将采后的"陕86-4"扁桃以不同厚度的PE薄膜包装后置于(0±0.5)℃温度下冷藏,定期测定扁桃的呼吸强度、含水量、粗脂肪、含糖量及蛋白质含量,测定结果表明:(1)"陕86-4"扁桃在(0±0.5)℃温度,RH 65%左右,0.03 mm PE薄膜条件贮藏效果要好于0.05 mm和0.08 mmPE薄膜,最有利于减缓生理代谢速度,延缓衰老,延长贮藏期,是较理想的贮藏方法;(2)"陕86-4"扁桃属于呼吸跃变型果实,几个处理的呼吸飘移中都有呼吸高峰的出现,0.03 mm 厚的PE薄膜能有效推迟"陕86-4"扁桃的呼吸高峰到来;(3)"陕86-4"扁桃的含水量、含糖量、粗脂肪及蛋白质含量在(0±0.5)℃温度,RH在65%左右,0.03 mm PE薄膜条件下贮藏变化较小;(4)薄膜厚度过厚会引起贮藏环境中气体成分(CO2和O2)比例不当,而导致"陕86-4"扁桃异常代谢,贮藏效果下降.     

温度对采后番荔枝耐藏性的影响

 番荔枝果实采后在自然室温(26～33 ℃) 条件下贮藏寿命仅为3 d。随着贮藏温度下降, 果实呼吸和乙烯释放高峰推迟, 果肉质膜透性和果胶甲酯酶活性明显下降, 贮藏寿命延至15 d 左右。10 ℃是番荔枝果实后熟的临界温度, 低于10 ℃则后熟不充分, 甚至发生冷害。采后番荔枝果实后熟过程中, 果肉PPO、POD、SOD 和CAT活性极低, 并且在果实尚未软化时急剧下降。     

采后处理对青梅果实的生理和品质的影响

测定了青梅采后室温贮藏下生理和品质的变化 ,研究了采后处理对梅果室温和冷藏后转入常温的贮藏效果。结果表明 ,采后果肉急速软化 ,可滴定酸迅速下降。各处理对青梅果实的保鲜效果以乙烯吸收剂处理效果最好 ,其次是GA3处理。CaCl2 处理浓度以 2 %为宜 ,热空气处理的时间不能超过 2d     

贮藏过程中冬枣的生理变化

以冬枣白熟果和半红果为试材,研究在不同贮藏温度下枣果的相关生理变化.结果表明,在常温和低温下贮藏,枣果硬度下降均表现为前期缓慢,后期加快;低温能显著降低果实失水率;低温下果实呼吸速率和乙烯释放量均维持在较低水平,在整个贮藏期未见明显呼吸跃变高峰.初步认为,冬枣属非呼吸跃变型果实.     

Involvement of 1-methylcyclopropene in ripening of harvested mei (Prunus mume) fruit

Summary

Harvested mei (Prunus mume) fruit were stored at 20°C after exposure to 500 nl l^–1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 8 h. Firmness, peel colour, chlorophyll content, chlorophyllase activity, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), respiration and ethylene production, and cell wall hydrolysis enzyme activities were monitored to determine the efficacy of 1-MCP treatment in delaying mei fruit ripening compared to untreated control fruit. Results showed that control ‘daqinghe’ mei fruit displayed typical climacteric patterns of respiration and ethylene production. Peak CO₂ production and ethylene production were observed after 6 d. Fruit softening was accompanied by a progressive decrease in colour parameters expressed as hue angle (h°), chlorophyll content, SSC, TA and increases in chlorophyllase, pectin methylesterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG) activities. 1-MCP treatment prior to the climacteric increase significantly delayed the onset of the climacteric peaks of CO₂ and ethylene production. These delays were associated with reductions in fruit softening, consistent with delaying the activities of PME and PG. Fruit treated with 1-MCP exhibited less peel colour change from green-to-yellow because of their lower levels of chlorophyllase activity and less chlorophyll breakdown. Moreover, 1-MCP treatment also significantly retarded reductions in SSC and TA compared with control fruit. The shelf-life of mei fruit ripening was increased by 4 d following 1-MCP treatment. Thus, 1-MCP treatment can markedly extend the post-harvest life of ‘daqinghe’ mei fruit.     

1-甲基环丙烯处理对不同成熟度薄皮甜瓜贮藏特性的影响

以京蜜薄皮甜瓜为试材,采用体积浓度2μL·L-1的1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)分别处理八成熟和九成熟薄皮甜瓜,随后置于15℃冷库中贮藏,贮藏期间每3d测定相关生理和品质指标变化。结果表明:成熟度对薄皮甜瓜贮藏特性有显著影响,八成熟比九成熟薄皮甜瓜耐贮;1-MCP处理可以显著抑制不同成熟度薄皮甜瓜呼吸强度、乙烯释放速率,从而减少其贮藏期间质量损失,延缓果实表皮颜色转黄和后熟过程,降低贮藏期间腐烂率,保持其食用品质和口感,延长薄皮甜瓜货架期;八成熟的1-MCP处理组贮藏效果最好。     

草酸钾处理对‘华特’毛花猕猴桃果实后熟软化的影响

 毛花猕猴桃‘华特’（Actinidia eriantha Benth‘Walter’）果实采后经50和75 mmol · L^-1草酸钾处理后在常温下贮藏,果实腐烂率显著低于对照,贮藏15 d比对照分别降低6.7%和10%,贮藏中后期果实硬度和维生素C含量显著高于对照;草酸钾处理降低了果实在贮藏前期的呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率,推迟了呼吸跃变,抑制了多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）、木聚糖酶（Xyl）和β–半乳糖苷酶（β-Gal）的活性,这些生理效应与草酸钾处理有效延缓果实后熟软化进程密切相关。     

湿包类型菠萝蜜采后呼吸跃变和主要成分的变化

以湿包类型菠萝蜜‘301’株系为试材,对常温贮藏条件下果实的呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率、淀粉、纤维素、果胶和可溶性总糖含量进行了研究。结果表明：湿包菠萝蜜‘301’属于典型的呼吸跃变型果实,分别于采后2 d和3 d出现乙烯高峰和呼吸高峰。果肉中的淀粉、纤维素和原果胶含量在采后前2 d迅速下降,可溶性果胶和可溶性总糖的含量分别于采后2 d和3 d达到最大值后下降。果腱中淀粉、纤维素、果胶和可溶性总糖含量变化与果肉相同,只是趋势比较平缓。在整个贮藏期间,果肉中的淀粉、可溶性总糖（除采后2 d外）含量极显著或显著高于果腱,而纤维素和可溶性果胶含量则极显著低于果腱,果肉中的原果胶和总果胶含量在采后前2 d极显著高于果腱,随后总果胶极显著低于果腱。     

Effect of low temperatures on pulp browning and endogenous abscisic acid and ethylene concentrations in peach (Prunus persica L.) fruit during post-harvest storage

Summary

Changes in the severity of pulp browning, endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene concentrations, and related gene expression in peach (Prunus persica L. ‘Bayuecui’) fruit stored at the biological freezing-point temperature (BFT; 1ºC), at 4ºC, or at room temperature (20ºC; as a control) were investigated.The results showed that fruit stored at room temperature showed climacteric changes in ethylene and ABA concentrations and in levels of expression of the corresponding ethylene synthetase genes (PpACS1, PpACO1) and the gene for a key enzyme of ABA synthesis (PpNCED), concomitant with a significant decrease in fruit firmness and an increase in juice yield. Meanwhile, two sucrose synthase genes (PpSUS1 and PpSUS2) were expressed at relatively low levels. However, fruit firmness decreased slightly and chilling injury (CI) increased significantly 40 d after storage (DAS) at 4ºC, with a significant accumulation of proline [from 8.33 µg g^–1 (at t = 0 d) to 9.125 µg g^–1 (at t = 40 d)]. In contrast, fruit firmness decreased slowly and pulp browning increased slightly 80 DAS at the BFT ( 1ºC), with a lower accumulation of proline than in fruit stored at 4ºC. The concentrations of soluble sugars and titratable acidity decreased during storage at 1ºC, 4ºC, or 20ºC, but there was a peak of soluble sugars at a late stage of storage at the BFT ( 1ºC). The fruit browning index was significantly and positively correlated (R ² = 0.967) with ABA concentration. The decrease in ABA concentration in cold-stored fruit (at both 1ºC and 4ºC) inhibited ethylene production. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between CI in fruit and ethylene production. In conclusion, the decrease in ABA concentration reduced ethylene concentrations and inhibited the development of pulp browning, which resulted in an improved taste, but crisper fruit, when fruit were stored at the BFT (–1ºC).     

贮藏环境对甜樱桃拮抗酵母菌生长和链格孢菌生物防治的影响(英文)

拮抗酵母菌(Rhodotorulaglutinis)在20～25℃的室温下生长较快,即使20%CO2亦不能抑制其生长,但菌落直径扩展速度与CO2浓度(0～20%)呈显著负相关(r=-0.8999～-0.9383)。R.glutinis在低温(1℃)条件下,对CO2较敏感,15%CO2浓度可以抑制该拮抗菌在低温下生长,但将其移到常温下培养2d后即可生长。另外,5%或15%CO2单独使用不能抑制Alternariaalternata(1×104个孢子/mL,15μL)在红灯樱桃果实上萌发,但可极显著地抑制其病斑在樱桃果实上的扩展速度。R.glutinis悬浮液(108cfu/mL)与5%或15%CO2结合使用则可完全抑制A.alternata在樱桃果实上生长。