浅谈个体奶牛业的管理问题

内蒙古呼和浩特市的奶牛业从推广模式化饲养技术以来,305天产奶量由原来平均每头5624公斤提高到6045公斤,个体奶牛户及鲜奶的出售量明显呈现出增加的趋势。这无疑丰富了城市居民的“菜篮子”,养牛户也靠养牛业走上了富裕之路。     

依靠科技促进奶业发展

原金华县(现婺城区、金东区)位于浙江省中部偏西,是传统的粮食及生猪生产基地。解放初期即有奶牛饲养的记载,但直至二十世纪七十年代中期仍处于零星饲养的水平。党的十一届三中全会以后,金华奶牛业真正意义上的发展,期间通过金华市《高产高效奶牛业综合技术研究与示范》课题的实施,极大地推动了奶牛业的发展,目前金华已成为我国南方最大的奶牛基地之一,原金华县奶牛存栏由1994年底的4030头发展到2000年底的10842头,规模养殖场(户)由不足10个发展到560多个,奶牛存栏100头以上的专业村由3个发展到22个,牛奶年产量由1994年的8900吨,增加到2000…     

如何使我省奶牛保持持续、稳定、健康地发展

近20年来,尽管我省奶牛业有了较大发展,但发展很不稳定.这种大起大落的局面,对奶牛业发展影响较大,对奶农的打击也较大.本文从奶牛品质、饲养管理、扶持政策3个方面提出个人见解.     

日本的奶牛业及其2000年目标

1993年11月,笔者在上海市农学会、日本农林交流协会和日本野泽组株式社及其上海办事处的组织和安排下考察了日本奶牛业,拜访日本农林水产省、野泽组公司总部和家畜改良事业团,参观了前桥种公牛中心、家畜改良技术研究所、含贺野奶牛场和关东制酪株式会社,对日本奶牛业的生产现状、技术研究、乳品加工、长远目标和有关政策有了初步了解。由于日本的人口密度、自然资源和人民的饮食习惯与我国或上海有许多相似之处,因而将日本的奶牛业情况作一较详细介绍,这对发展我国和上海的奶牛业会有借鉴作用。一、日本奶牛业的发展和1992年饲养头数在近20年内,日本的奶牛业有了较快的发展。奶牛饲养头数从1975年的181.1万头发展到1992年的206.8万头,啬加14.2％。与此同时,生产水平也有较大的提高,成乳牛平均单产从4464kg提高到6326kg,提高41.7％(见表1)。     

从以色列的奶牛育种看青海省奶牛业的发展

笔者于2007年参加了"以色列奶牛饲养和乳品加工技术"专业培训,学习到了一些有关以色列的奶牛育种、犊牛培育、高产奶牛的饲养管理和乳品加工等技术方面的知识.本文想通过对以色列奶牛育种情况的介绍,向读者展示以色列在奶牛育种过程中所采取的方法和取得的成功经验,并结合青海省奶牛业生产实际,探讨青海省奶牛业的发展,供大家参考.     

山阴县卖奶牛"潮"的深层次思考

近年来山阴县卖奶牛"潮"的直接原因是饲料大幅涨价,奶农不堪重负,更深层的原因则是传统奶牛业生产经营与市场经济发展理念的大碰撞,需要一个奶牛业生产经营结构的大调整,以适应我国市场经济发展的需要.应当饲养高产奶牛,广辟饲料来源,实行科学饲养管理,实现规范经营,根本出路是在政府支持下推广"奶联社"模式,使奶牛业走上优质高效、生态、安全的发展轨道.     

关于日本奶牛业的考察报告

去年,我们随北京市农牧业考察团赴日考察了奶牛业的发展情况。现将考察情况报告如下。日本奶牛业的发展状况日本从十九世纪明治维新以后,开始引进西方“洋式畜牧”,饲养黑白花奶牛。但日本的奶牛业,是在第二次世界大战后,特别是近二十年的时间内发展起来的。大致可     

浅谈猪舍小气候对猪生长的影响

规模化养猪发展到今天,人们的观念已发生了变化:从原来的"科学饲养,科学管理,以防为主,防重于治",到今天的"向环境要效益",人们已认识到了环境条件是影响猪生长的一个主要因素.环境因素包括温度、湿度、气流、有害气体等,给猪群创造一个良好的环境,有利于猪群的健康生长.     

绿色生态奶牛小区存在问题的探讨

近年来,我国奶牛业发展十分迅速,兴起了饲养奶牛的高潮。奶牛饲养经历了“户有户养”到“公司＋农户”的历程,奶牛业产业化程度不断提高。同时为了解决奶牛散户饲养暴露出的弊端,比如饲养技术不规范,劳动生产率低,原料奶质量难以保证,环境污染不易解决等问题,现代化奶牛养殖小区应运而生,并且发展很快。     

农户养奶牛十个值得注意的问题

县(市)城奶牛业是我国奶牛业一个组成部分.随着改革开放经济发展及人们生活水平提高的需要,县城奶牛业愈显示出它在发展奶牛生产中的活力,也是城市"菜蓝子"工程主要项目之一.当今由于县(市)城牛奶市场小,制约了奶牛规模饲养的发展.     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。