控水灌溉下万寿菊保水栽培基质配方的筛选

在2种控水灌溉下,研究了5种栽培基质配方对草花万寿菊生长发育、花朵数、干物重、萎蔫程度等指标的影响.初步筛选出蘑菇渣80%+松毛土20%和草炭20%+有机肥10%+面沙壤土70%的的配方较好.     

平菇废料基质对瓜叶菊生长发育的影响

用平菇废料和草炭土的不同配比(2∶74、∶56、∶38、∶1),各加1份珍珠岩盆栽瓜叶菊,测定了不同基质配方对瓜叶菊植株形态指标和可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、叶绿素含量。结果表明:平菇废料和草炭土之比为4∶5时栽植的瓜叶菊株高、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、叶绿素含量最高,冠径、叶面积、生长指数最大,说明平菇废料和草炭土之比为4∶5的基质更有利于瓜叶菊的生长。     

硅藻土基质配方对盆栽观赏辣椒生长的影响

研究了五彩椒在硅藻土、草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩4种组分按不同比例配成的5种混合基质下的生长差异,试验采用了一种自制的自动连续精确控水盆栽装置,并为所有处理设置了相同的供水吸力,用于分析5种不同基质的吸水能力.结果表明:硅藻土是一种优良的基质添加成分,其吸水、保水性能均优于蛭石和珍珠岩;试验同时得出:50%草炭+25%蛭石+25%硅藻土、40%草炭+20%蛭石+20%珍珠岩+20%硅藻土2种基质配方比其它基质配方更理想,相对于其它3种基质配方,这2种配方基质理化性质更好,吸水、保水、保肥能力都强于其它基质量配方,栽培下的五彩椒生理指标和形态指标更优,值得进一步研究与推广.     

杜鹃无土栽培基质配方的研究

 采用发达国家已经大量应用的潮水式(Ebb&Flow)底面灌施营养液栽培系统，以盆栽杜鹃品种‘Mission Bell’作为试材，筛选出适合杜鹃盆花无土栽培 基质配方。混有草炭的M1(体积比：草炭土3+蛭石3+珍珠岩3)、M2(草炭土3+蛭石3+砻糠3)和M4(草炭土2+蛭石2+珍珠岩2+著糠2+腐叶土2)基质配方栽培的植株表现较好，尤以M1处理，即‘草炭土3+蛭石3+珍珠岩3’的等量配方为最优，而椰壳并不适合盆栽杜鹃的植株生长。土壤的理化分析和植物体分析结果表明，营养液灌溉处理后基质的pH值基本相同，但EC值的增幅很大，是由封闭系统内营养液中盐分累积所致；盆内基质中的矿质营养元素和阳离子交换量也明显增加；植物体的营养元素含量水平普遍较高，非常符合杜鹃类植物的生长条件与特殊需求。     

基质及营养液对苹果矮砧组培苗移栽后生长的影响

以苹果矮化砧木SH2s、SH29生根组培苗为试材,研究了不同草炭土与蛭石基质配比、草炭土处理方式及3种营养液浇灌(MS、园试配方、霍格氏配方)对移栽组培苗生长的影响.结果表明:以草炭土与蛭石1∶2或1∶1配比为移栽基质,组培苗移栽成活率较高,分别达90.77％和88.24％,显著高于草炭土与蛭石2∶1配比;同时草炭土与蛭石1∶1配比处理还可有效提高幼苗生长量.草炭土经灭菌处理后,组培苗单株叶面积及单叶片面积显著增加,苗木生长更健壮.基质中添加0.1％枯草芽孢杆菌对幼苗生长量未见显著作用.MS、霍格兰、园试3种营养液浇灌40d后,均可使移栽幼苗生长量显著大于对照,综合效果以MS营养液促苗效果最佳.     

悬挂类容器绿化栽培基质筛选研究

为选出适合的悬挂类容器绿化栽培基质,选择树枝粉碎废弃物、园土、草炭作为基质成分,设计5个不同配方基质,进行长春花栽培研究,并采用模糊综合评价方法评价不同配方基质的质量等级。结果表明：以草炭为主的配方A综合评价值最低,草炭对基质的养分贡献较小;配方E较优。且发现悬挂类容器绿化栽培中可用树枝粉碎废弃物取代草炭作为基质配比的组成部分。     

彩叶草组培苗移栽基质配方的研究

研究了11种不同基质的理化特性及其对彩叶草组培苗移栽后生长的影响.结果表明:草炭土和草炭土∶珍珠岩=1∶1(Ⅴ∶Ⅴ)2种基质的比重、容重、总孔隙度、EC值和pH值等理化性能较好.草炭土和草炭土∶珍珠岩=1∶1(Ⅴ∶Ⅴ)2种基质的移栽彩叶草组培苗后,成活率、根长度、叶绿素含量、根数、茎粗、株高、单株叶片数、单株鲜重和单株干重等生长指标大都显著地超过了其它9个处理.     

限根栽培下不同栽培基质对3种苹果园土壤的改良效应

以3年生华红/GM256/山定子苹果为试材,采用槽栽限根栽培,研究了不同栽培基质(草炭+炉渣、稻壳、稻壳+草炭、稻壳+炉渣)对3种类型果园土壤(山坡地风化型园土、河岸沙地型园土、壤土型园土)的改良效应及其对树体的影响。结果表明:添加栽培基质可显著改善土壤性状,同种栽培基质对不同类型土壤的改良效应存在差异,此外不同栽培基质对于同种果园土壤的改良效应也有所不同;草炭+炉渣处理对果园土壤肥力具有较好的提升效果,单施稻壳在增肥效应上效果不显著,但能明显增大风化土土壤酶活性。因此,不同类型土壤应该有目的地采用适宜的改良基质,生产中可采用草炭、炉渣混合或者草炭、稻壳混合施用来改善3种类型果园土壤的肥力。     

限根栽培下不同栽培基质对3种苹果园土壤的改良效应北大核心

以3年生华红/GM256/山定子苹果为试材,采用槽栽限根栽培,研究了不同栽培基质(草炭+炉渣、稻壳、稻壳+草炭、稻壳+炉渣)对3种类型果园土壤(山坡地风化型园土、河岸沙地型园土、壤土型园土)的改良效应及其对树体的影响。结果表明:添加栽培基质可显著改善土壤性状,同种栽培基质对不同类型土壤的改良效应存在差异,此外不同栽培基质对于同种果园土壤的改良效应也有所不同;草炭+炉渣处理对果园土壤肥力具有较好的提升效果,单施稻壳在增肥效应上效果不显著,但能明显增大风化土土壤酶活性。因此,不同类型土壤应该有目的地采用适宜的改良基质,生产中可采用草炭、炉渣混合或者草炭、稻壳混合施用来改善3种类型果园土壤的肥力。     

番茄和黄瓜育苗基质配方筛选研究

以腐熟的牛粪和花生壳粉为主要原料,与草炭、蛭石和珍珠岩按不同体积比混配成8种基质,以市场上商品育苗基质为对照,研究不同育苗基质的基本性质及其对番茄和黄瓜幼苗生长的影响,筛选出适合番茄和黄瓜幼苗生长的育苗.结果表明,牛粪、花生壳粉、草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩体积比为20:20:40:15:5的复配基质(T4处理)各项理化性质符合瓜类蔬菜幼苗生长要求,该基质配方培育的番茄和黄瓜幼苗出苗率、壮苗指数、SPAD值、根系活力等生长和生理指标均表现较好.根据番茄和黄瓜幼苗的生长情况,并结合环境和经济等因素,在生产上推荐使用T4处理作为番茄和黄瓜育苗基质配方.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.